南堡潜山碳酸盐地层裂缝物性特征分析
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摘要
与碎屑岩油藏不同,裂缝性油藏是以碳酸盐为主要岩石类型,孔隙-裂缝纵横交错、种类繁多,其储层独特的储集空间结构和渗流特性具有非均质性强、各向异性强的特点,给常规的勘探、测井评价来来困难。
本文针对冀东油田南堡潜山碳酸盐岩油藏的储层物性和渗流特性,以及在开发过程中可能面临的储层损害和保护问题,进行岩石物理性质及矿物分析,敏感性分析,利用扫描电镜、计算机层析等技术,分析储层的微观裂缝特征。通过对缝长、缝宽、开启度等指标的定量分析,对微观裂缝的导流和储集能力做出了评价。
对手标本进行初步观察记录,并通过扫描电镜手段,观察孔隙、微裂缝等微观构造,分析了61个代表性样本,孔隙常分布于晶间、粒间,常见微孔径为1-4μm。X射线衍射分析中,储层岩石主要为灰岩,矿物成分以方解石为主,偶见粘土夹层,灰岩、砂岩和泥岩的比例分别为66.7%、20%和13.3%。润湿角测量结果显示,润湿性均为水湿。分析相对渗透率曲线特征:S_(wi) >30%,非湿相(油相)渗透率下降趋势较快,水相在低饱和度情况下上升较快;K_(rw)= Kro=0.089时,两相流互相干扰严重;K_(rw)= 0.238,油滴对水流的影响较大。敏感性评价显示,岩心有效应力损害程度强,水敏性弱,未见速敏、酸敏。
Different from clastic reservoir, the main types of fractured reservoir is Carbonate rocks. Complicated and various pore-fracture structures lead to unique reserve space and permeable characteristics. The logging interpretation and exploration evaluation of fractured reservoir is more difficulty than that of conventional homogeneous porous reservoir because of that it has more complex structure of pore and stronger anisotropy.
To evaluate physical property and permeability of carbonate reservoir in Jidong oilfield, methods of XRD, sensibility evaluation, SEM and CT analysis, which can avoid reservoir damage and protect reservoir, was established. With quantitative consideration certain factors, i.e., length of crack, width of crack, opening of crack, evaluate the fracture conductivity and ability of reserve.
Based on analysis of the pore-fracture construction of 61 core samples, the results of SEM shows that, pore usually distribute among grain substance or particle substance and common diameter of micro crack is 1-4μm. XRD result shows that main stone type is limestone, mineral composition is calcite and little clay. Content ratio of limestone, sandstone, shale is 66.7%,20% and 13.3% respectively. Contact angle measurement result displays, wettability is water wet. Characteristic analyse of relative permeability curve: S_(wi) >30%, relative permeability of oil decline speedy,relative permeability of water rise quickly with low saturation level. When Krw= Kro=0.089, oil-water seepage disturbs critically. When K_(rw)= 0.238, oil drop affect water seriously. Sensibility evaluation displays,the core with intense sensibility to stress path, weak water sensitivity, without flow rate sensitivity and acid sensitivity.
本文针对冀东油田南堡潜山碳酸盐岩油藏的储层物性和渗流特性,以及在开发过程中可能面临的储层损害和保护问题,进行岩石物理性质及矿物分析,敏感性分析,利用扫描电镜、计算机层析等技术,分析储层的微观裂缝特征。通过对缝长、缝宽、开启度等指标的定量分析,对微观裂缝的导流和储集能力做出了评价。
对手标本进行初步观察记录,并通过扫描电镜手段,观察孔隙、微裂缝等微观构造,分析了61个代表性样本,孔隙常分布于晶间、粒间,常见微孔径为1-4μm。X射线衍射分析中,储层岩石主要为灰岩,矿物成分以方解石为主,偶见粘土夹层,灰岩、砂岩和泥岩的比例分别为66.7%、20%和13.3%。润湿角测量结果显示,润湿性均为水湿。分析相对渗透率曲线特征:S_(wi) >30%,非湿相(油相)渗透率下降趋势较快,水相在低饱和度情况下上升较快;K_(rw)= Kro=0.089时,两相流互相干扰严重;K_(rw)= 0.238,油滴对水流的影响较大。敏感性评价显示,岩心有效应力损害程度强,水敏性弱,未见速敏、酸敏。
Different from clastic reservoir, the main types of fractured reservoir is Carbonate rocks. Complicated and various pore-fracture structures lead to unique reserve space and permeable characteristics. The logging interpretation and exploration evaluation of fractured reservoir is more difficulty than that of conventional homogeneous porous reservoir because of that it has more complex structure of pore and stronger anisotropy.
To evaluate physical property and permeability of carbonate reservoir in Jidong oilfield, methods of XRD, sensibility evaluation, SEM and CT analysis, which can avoid reservoir damage and protect reservoir, was established. With quantitative consideration certain factors, i.e., length of crack, width of crack, opening of crack, evaluate the fracture conductivity and ability of reserve.
Based on analysis of the pore-fracture construction of 61 core samples, the results of SEM shows that, pore usually distribute among grain substance or particle substance and common diameter of micro crack is 1-4μm. XRD result shows that main stone type is limestone, mineral composition is calcite and little clay. Content ratio of limestone, sandstone, shale is 66.7%,20% and 13.3% respectively. Contact angle measurement result displays, wettability is water wet. Characteristic analyse of relative permeability curve: S_(wi) >30%, relative permeability of oil decline speedy,relative permeability of water rise quickly with low saturation level. When Krw= Kro=0.089, oil-water seepage disturbs critically. When K_(rw)= 0.238, oil drop affect water seriously. Sensibility evaluation displays,the core with intense sensibility to stress path, weak water sensitivity, without flow rate sensitivity and acid sensitivity.
引文
[1]李海石,符国强.钻井取心技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993:1-6
[2]王学军.碳酸盐岩潜山有利储集层预测[M].北京北京:石油工业出版社,1993:5-6
[3]宋国奇,徐春华,王世虎,等.胜利油区古生界地质特征及油气潜力[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2000:5
[4] Lorenz J C, Teufel LW, Warpinski NR. Regional Fractures I: A Mechanism for the Formation of Regional Fractures at Depth in Flat-Lying Reservoirs[J]. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull.,1991,75(11):1714-1737
[5] Friedman M. Stearns D. W. Relations Between Stresses Inferred from Calcite Twin Lamellae and Macrofractures[J]. Teton Abticline, Montana, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.,1971,82(11):3151-3162
[6] Nelson R A, Geological Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs[M]. Houston, Gulf Publishing Company,1985:13-14
[7]蔡其新.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层地球物理响应特征及预测方法研究[D].太原:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2007
[8]蒲静,秦启荣.油气储层裂缝预测方法综述[J].特种油气藏,2008,15(3):9-13
[9] Cherepanov G P, Balankin A S, et al. Fractal fracture mechanics areview[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1995,51(1):997-1033.
[10] Mandelbrot B B, Passoja D E, Pallay A J. Fractal character of fracturesurfaces of metal[J]. Nature,1984,308(6):721-726.
[11]屈万忠,戴启栋,刘新全.人工智能技术在石油工程领域的最新应用[J].国外油田工程,2005,21(11):24-26
[12] Orlando J Ortega, Randall A Marrett, Stephen E Laubach. A scale-independent approach to fracture intensity and average spacing measurement [J]. AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(2):193-208
[13]袁士义,宋新民,冉启全.裂缝性油藏开发技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:4-5
[14]甘嫦华,费宝生.南堡滩海潜山叠前时间偏移与勘探目标优选.中国石油冀东油田公司,内部资料
[15]赵国良.阿曼Daleel油田碳酸盐岩储层建模研究[D].北京:中国石油勘探开发研究院,2005
[16]李志明,张金珠.地应力与油气勘探开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社1997:219-223
[17]徐同台,赵敏,熊友明.保护油气层技术[M] .北京:石油工业出版社2003:30-38
[18]赵雅秀,张乃娴.中国粘土矿物[M] .北京:地质出版社1994:146-147
[19]操应长,姜在兴.沉积学实验方法和技术[M] .北京:石油工业出版社2003:25-40
[20]张绍槐,罗平亚.保护储集层技术[M] .北京:石油工业出版社1993:25-26
[21]冯泽.X射线衍射物相分析在石油勘探开发中的应用[J].小型油气藏,2004,9(3):37~39
[22]罗平,应凤祥.储集岩基础实验分析新技术与新方法[M] .北京:石油工业出版社2002:97-111
[23]裴光文.单晶多晶和非晶物质的x射线衍射[M] .济南:山东大学出版社1987
[24]杨坤光,黄宁生,向树元.地质学基础实习指导书[M] .武汉:中国地质大学出版社2006:5-6
[25]赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M] .北京:石油工业出版社2001:147-173
[26]盛强,施晓乐,刘维甫.岩心CT三维成像与多相驱替分析系统[J].CT理论与应用研究,2005,14(3):8-12
[27]李玉彬,李向良,李奎祥.利用计算机层析(CT)确定岩心的基本物理参数[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(6):86-90
[28]施晓乐等.中国石化胜利油田有限公司地质科学研究院,内部资料
[29]穆龙新,赵国良等.储层裂缝预测研究[M] .北京:石油工业出版社2009:98-107
[30]周英杰.裂缝性潜山油藏表征与预测[M] .北京:石油工业出版社2006:20-37
[31]孙仁远,李爱芬等.油层物理实验[M] .东营石油大学出版社:2009:61-63
[32]鲁新便.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏开发描述及评论[D].成都:成都理工大学,2004
[33]孟继刚.低渗透油藏早期调控方法研究及应用[D].成都:西南石油学院,2005
[34]张义.裂缝性碳酸盐岩油藏衰竭开发机理实验研究[D].成都:西南石油学院,2005
[35]冯金德,程林松,常毓文.裂缝各向异性油藏渗流特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009:33(1):78-82
[36]张国辉,任晓娟,张宁生.微裂缝对低渗储层水驱油渗流规律的影响[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(5):44-51
[37]高伟.让那诺尔油气田复杂碳酸盐岩水淹层测井评价研究方法[D].成都:西南石油学院,2006
[38]舒勇,鄢捷年.低渗裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层应力敏感性评价及保护技术研究[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(2):124-126
[39] SY/T5358-2002,储层敏感性流动实验评价方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2002
[40]罗鑫林,崔海花,李小刚.裂缝-孔洞型油藏储层敏感性评价[J].断块油气田,2009,16(3):73-75
[41]徐方建,万世明,李安春.中国边缘海陆源沉积物粒度与矿物组成的关系[J].自然科学进展,2008,18(11):1271-1278
[2]王学军.碳酸盐岩潜山有利储集层预测[M].北京北京:石油工业出版社,1993:5-6
[3]宋国奇,徐春华,王世虎,等.胜利油区古生界地质特征及油气潜力[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2000:5
[4] Lorenz J C, Teufel LW, Warpinski NR. Regional Fractures I: A Mechanism for the Formation of Regional Fractures at Depth in Flat-Lying Reservoirs[J]. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull.,1991,75(11):1714-1737
[5] Friedman M. Stearns D. W. Relations Between Stresses Inferred from Calcite Twin Lamellae and Macrofractures[J]. Teton Abticline, Montana, Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull.,1971,82(11):3151-3162
[6] Nelson R A, Geological Analysis of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs[M]. Houston, Gulf Publishing Company,1985:13-14
[7]蔡其新.碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层地球物理响应特征及预测方法研究[D].太原:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,2007
[8]蒲静,秦启荣.油气储层裂缝预测方法综述[J].特种油气藏,2008,15(3):9-13
[9] Cherepanov G P, Balankin A S, et al. Fractal fracture mechanics areview[J]. Engineering Fracture Mechanics,1995,51(1):997-1033.
[10] Mandelbrot B B, Passoja D E, Pallay A J. Fractal character of fracturesurfaces of metal[J]. Nature,1984,308(6):721-726.
[11]屈万忠,戴启栋,刘新全.人工智能技术在石油工程领域的最新应用[J].国外油田工程,2005,21(11):24-26
[12] Orlando J Ortega, Randall A Marrett, Stephen E Laubach. A scale-independent approach to fracture intensity and average spacing measurement [J]. AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(2):193-208
[13]袁士义,宋新民,冉启全.裂缝性油藏开发技术[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004:4-5
[14]甘嫦华,费宝生.南堡滩海潜山叠前时间偏移与勘探目标优选.中国石油冀东油田公司,内部资料
[15]赵国良.阿曼Daleel油田碳酸盐岩储层建模研究[D].北京:中国石油勘探开发研究院,2005
[16]李志明,张金珠.地应力与油气勘探开发[M].北京:石油工业出版社1997:219-223
[17]徐同台,赵敏,熊友明.保护油气层技术[M] .北京:石油工业出版社2003:30-38
[18]赵雅秀,张乃娴.中国粘土矿物[M] .北京:地质出版社1994:146-147
[19]操应长,姜在兴.沉积学实验方法和技术[M] .北京:石油工业出版社2003:25-40
[20]张绍槐,罗平亚.保护储集层技术[M] .北京:石油工业出版社1993:25-26
[21]冯泽.X射线衍射物相分析在石油勘探开发中的应用[J].小型油气藏,2004,9(3):37~39
[22]罗平,应凤祥.储集岩基础实验分析新技术与新方法[M] .北京:石油工业出版社2002:97-111
[23]裴光文.单晶多晶和非晶物质的x射线衍射[M] .济南:山东大学出版社1987
[24]杨坤光,黄宁生,向树元.地质学基础实习指导书[M] .武汉:中国地质大学出版社2006:5-6
[25]赵澄林,朱筱敏.沉积岩石学[M] .北京:石油工业出版社2001:147-173
[26]盛强,施晓乐,刘维甫.岩心CT三维成像与多相驱替分析系统[J].CT理论与应用研究,2005,14(3):8-12
[27]李玉彬,李向良,李奎祥.利用计算机层析(CT)确定岩心的基本物理参数[J].石油勘探与开发,1999,26(6):86-90
[28]施晓乐等.中国石化胜利油田有限公司地质科学研究院,内部资料
[29]穆龙新,赵国良等.储层裂缝预测研究[M] .北京:石油工业出版社2009:98-107
[30]周英杰.裂缝性潜山油藏表征与预测[M] .北京:石油工业出版社2006:20-37
[31]孙仁远,李爱芬等.油层物理实验[M] .东营石油大学出版社:2009:61-63
[32]鲁新便.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏开发描述及评论[D].成都:成都理工大学,2004
[33]孟继刚.低渗透油藏早期调控方法研究及应用[D].成都:西南石油学院,2005
[34]张义.裂缝性碳酸盐岩油藏衰竭开发机理实验研究[D].成都:西南石油学院,2005
[35]冯金德,程林松,常毓文.裂缝各向异性油藏渗流特征[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2009:33(1):78-82
[36]张国辉,任晓娟,张宁生.微裂缝对低渗储层水驱油渗流规律的影响[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(5):44-51
[37]高伟.让那诺尔油气田复杂碳酸盐岩水淹层测井评价研究方法[D].成都:西南石油学院,2006
[38]舒勇,鄢捷年.低渗裂缝性碳酸盐岩储层应力敏感性评价及保护技术研究[J].中国海上油气,2009,21(2):124-126
[39] SY/T5358-2002,储层敏感性流动实验评价方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社, 2002
[40]罗鑫林,崔海花,李小刚.裂缝-孔洞型油藏储层敏感性评价[J].断块油气田,2009,16(3):73-75
[41]徐方建,万世明,李安春.中国边缘海陆源沉积物粒度与矿物组成的关系[J].自然科学进展,2008,18(11):1271-1278