植穴微宇宙控制体对盐渍土水盐运移规律及养分含量影响
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摘要
盐渍化土地与土壤盐渍化面积已占地球陆地面积的四分之一,如何防治、开发、可持续利用这一资源,提高其使用价值,已成为21世纪科学研究领域的重大课题。而土壤盐渍化的防治和盐渍土的改良则是这一问题的核心。要解决这一核心问题,研究盐渍土水盐运移规律是关键。它既是研究盐渍土发生规律和改良利用措施的理论基础,也是这一资源可持续利用与提升其使用价值的根本。
在分析国内外有关盐渍土水盐运移规律研究的基础上,提出一种全新的植穴微宇宙控制技术对盐渍土水盐运移的调控法。从微宇宙控制技术与理论出发,以局部植穴微生态的调控方式,将生态结构的主导因子——生物与其相适应的非生物环境条件为控制要素,即A(地下水矿化度)、B(补水量)、C(土壤质地)、D(填料)、E(木本植物)、F(边缘材料)、G(PVA/VAE/蒙脱石)、H(填料厚度)为控制因子,按U12(12×43×34)均匀设计来安排试验。试验以含水率、全盐量、有机质含量、有效氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量等指标作为盐土生态修复的衡量指标。将各因素对盐渍土各指标的影响程度进行定量分析,得出各因素对盐土的各项参数的贡献率,其结论如下:
1.对含水率的影响:
①植穴内外5cm土层:E>C>G>D>F>B;②植穴外20cm土层:E>C>G>B>D>F;③植穴外35cm土层:C>E>H>A>B>F>D;④植穴外65cm土层:C>E>H>B>D>A>F;⑤植穴外80cm土层:E>H>A>C>B>D>F。
2.对全盐量的影响:
①植穴内外5cm土层:E>C>G>F>H>D>B>A;②植穴外20cm土层:C>A>D>G>F>E>H;③植穴外35cm土层:C>E>H>A>B>D>F;④植穴外65cm土层:C>B>E>D>G>F>A>H;⑤植穴外80cm土层:C>E>A>B>D>G>F>H。
3.对养分含量,即有机质、有效氮、速效氮、速效钾的影响力排序分别为:植穴内:D>G>E>F>H,D>G>F>E>H,D>G>H>E>F,D>H>G>F>E;植穴外:E>H>D>G>F,E>D>H>G>F,E>D>G>F>H,H>A>C>D>G>F>E。
研究结果表明,植穴微宇宙控制技术对盐渍土水盐运动规律及养分含量影响均显著,有效切断土壤毛管水作用、控制盐分积聚、提供与维持植物所需养分。作为一种低成本、易操作和高效率的处理技术,其适合我国国情,尤其适合盐渍土的生态修复,具有十分广阔的应用前景。
Saline soil and salinized area of soil already covered one quarter of terrestrial area. How to prevent and cure, exploit, sustainablely utilize this resource and improve its use value, already became the momentous subject of scientific research in 21 century. Prevention and cure of soil salinized and amelioration of saline soil is the kernel of this problem. In order to resolve it, studying the law of water-salt transport of saline soil is the key. It is not only the theoretical basis of studying regularity of outbreak and ameliorative and utilizable measure of saline soil, but also the root of sustainable utilization of this resource and improving its use value.
After analyzing concerned researchful results of the law of water-salt transport of saline soil at home and abroad, the article suggested a bran-new method of the regulating effect of controlling technology of microcosm of plant hole on water-salt transport of saline soil. On the basis of the concept of microcosmic controlling technology and theory, with the regulative and controlling mode of microecology of local plant hole, making the leading factors of ecological structure that are the biology and compatible abiotic environment condition as the controlling factors, which are A (mineralization of groundwater), B (water replenishment), C (soil texture), D (filling material), E (woody plant), F (fringe material), G (PVA/VAE/ Montmorillonite), H (thickness of filling material), the article arranged the experiment according to the hybrid uniformity design U12(12×43×34). In the experiment there were seven factors which are water ratio, total soluble salt, organic content, available nitrogen content, content of rapidly available phosphorus and content of rapidly available potassium as the indicators of ecologic rehabilitation of saline soil. Analyzed quantitatively was the influence of each factor on the every indicator of saline soil and gained was the degree of contribution of each factor on every parameter of saline soil. Its conclusions were as follows:
1. The effect on the water ratio
The order of factors to the influence on the water ratio of 5cm soil horizon of inside and outside plant hole was E>C>G>D>F>B; The order of factors to the influence on the water ratio of 20cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was E>C>G>B>D>F; The order of factors to the influence on the water ratio of 35cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was C>E>H>A>B>F>D; The order of factors to the influence on the water ratio of 65cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was C>E>H>B>D>A>F; The order of factors to the influence on the water ratio of 80cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was E>H>A>C>B>D>F.
2. The effect on the total soluble salt
The order of factors to the influence on the total soluble salt of 5cm soil horizon of inside and outside plant hole was E>C>G>F>H>D>B>A; The order of factors to the influence on the total soluble salt of 20cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was C>A>D>G>F>E>H; The order of factors to the influence on the total soluble salt of 35cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was C>E>H>A>B>D>F; The order of factors to the influence on the total soluble salt of 65cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was C>B>E>D>G>F>A>H; The order of factors to the influence on the total soluble salt of 80cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was C>E>A>B>D>G>F>H.
3. The order of factors to the impact on the nutrient content of inside plant hole, which were organic content, available nitrogen content, content of rapidly available phosphorus and content of rapidly available potassium, respectively were D>G>E>F>H, D>G>F>E>H, D>G>H>E>F, D>H>G>F>E; The order of factors to the impact on those of outside plant hole respectively were E>H>D>G>F, E>D>H>G>F, E>D>G>F>H, H>A>C>D>G>F>E.
The result showed that remarkable were the effect of controlling technology of microcosm of plant hole on water-salt transport and nutrient content of saline soil, and it was good for cutting off edaphic capillary water action, controlling the salinity accumulated and providing and maintaining nutrient needed by plants. It is a treatment technology with low cost, operating easily and high efficiency, agreed with the fundamental realities of our country, especially ecological rehabilitation of saline soil, and will do better in the practical area.
在分析国内外有关盐渍土水盐运移规律研究的基础上,提出一种全新的植穴微宇宙控制技术对盐渍土水盐运移的调控法。从微宇宙控制技术与理论出发,以局部植穴微生态的调控方式,将生态结构的主导因子——生物与其相适应的非生物环境条件为控制要素,即A(地下水矿化度)、B(补水量)、C(土壤质地)、D(填料)、E(木本植物)、F(边缘材料)、G(PVA/VAE/蒙脱石)、H(填料厚度)为控制因子,按U12(12×43×34)均匀设计来安排试验。试验以含水率、全盐量、有机质含量、有效氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量等指标作为盐土生态修复的衡量指标。将各因素对盐渍土各指标的影响程度进行定量分析,得出各因素对盐土的各项参数的贡献率,其结论如下:
1.对含水率的影响:
①植穴内外5cm土层:E>C>G>D>F>B;②植穴外20cm土层:E>C>G>B>D>F;③植穴外35cm土层:C>E>H>A>B>F>D;④植穴外65cm土层:C>E>H>B>D>A>F;⑤植穴外80cm土层:E>H>A>C>B>D>F。
2.对全盐量的影响:
①植穴内外5cm土层:E>C>G>F>H>D>B>A;②植穴外20cm土层:C>A>D>G>F>E>H;③植穴外35cm土层:C>E>H>A>B>D>F;④植穴外65cm土层:C>B>E>D>G>F>A>H;⑤植穴外80cm土层:C>E>A>B>D>G>F>H。
3.对养分含量,即有机质、有效氮、速效氮、速效钾的影响力排序分别为:植穴内:D>G>E>F>H,D>G>F>E>H,D>G>H>E>F,D>H>G>F>E;植穴外:E>H>D>G>F,E>D>H>G>F,E>D>G>F>H,H>A>C>D>G>F>E。
研究结果表明,植穴微宇宙控制技术对盐渍土水盐运动规律及养分含量影响均显著,有效切断土壤毛管水作用、控制盐分积聚、提供与维持植物所需养分。作为一种低成本、易操作和高效率的处理技术,其适合我国国情,尤其适合盐渍土的生态修复,具有十分广阔的应用前景。
Saline soil and salinized area of soil already covered one quarter of terrestrial area. How to prevent and cure, exploit, sustainablely utilize this resource and improve its use value, already became the momentous subject of scientific research in 21 century. Prevention and cure of soil salinized and amelioration of saline soil is the kernel of this problem. In order to resolve it, studying the law of water-salt transport of saline soil is the key. It is not only the theoretical basis of studying regularity of outbreak and ameliorative and utilizable measure of saline soil, but also the root of sustainable utilization of this resource and improving its use value.
After analyzing concerned researchful results of the law of water-salt transport of saline soil at home and abroad, the article suggested a bran-new method of the regulating effect of controlling technology of microcosm of plant hole on water-salt transport of saline soil. On the basis of the concept of microcosmic controlling technology and theory, with the regulative and controlling mode of microecology of local plant hole, making the leading factors of ecological structure that are the biology and compatible abiotic environment condition as the controlling factors, which are A (mineralization of groundwater), B (water replenishment), C (soil texture), D (filling material), E (woody plant), F (fringe material), G (PVA/VAE/ Montmorillonite), H (thickness of filling material), the article arranged the experiment according to the hybrid uniformity design U12(12×43×34). In the experiment there were seven factors which are water ratio, total soluble salt, organic content, available nitrogen content, content of rapidly available phosphorus and content of rapidly available potassium as the indicators of ecologic rehabilitation of saline soil. Analyzed quantitatively was the influence of each factor on the every indicator of saline soil and gained was the degree of contribution of each factor on every parameter of saline soil. Its conclusions were as follows:
1. The effect on the water ratio
The order of factors to the influence on the water ratio of 5cm soil horizon of inside and outside plant hole was E>C>G>D>F>B; The order of factors to the influence on the water ratio of 20cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was E>C>G>B>D>F; The order of factors to the influence on the water ratio of 35cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was C>E>H>A>B>F>D; The order of factors to the influence on the water ratio of 65cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was C>E>H>B>D>A>F; The order of factors to the influence on the water ratio of 80cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was E>H>A>C>B>D>F.
2. The effect on the total soluble salt
The order of factors to the influence on the total soluble salt of 5cm soil horizon of inside and outside plant hole was E>C>G>F>H>D>B>A; The order of factors to the influence on the total soluble salt of 20cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was C>A>D>G>F>E>H; The order of factors to the influence on the total soluble salt of 35cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was C>E>H>A>B>D>F; The order of factors to the influence on the total soluble salt of 65cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was C>B>E>D>G>F>A>H; The order of factors to the influence on the total soluble salt of 80cm soil horizon of outside plant hole was C>E>A>B>D>G>F>H.
3. The order of factors to the impact on the nutrient content of inside plant hole, which were organic content, available nitrogen content, content of rapidly available phosphorus and content of rapidly available potassium, respectively were D>G>E>F>H, D>G>F>E>H, D>G>H>E>F, D>H>G>F>E; The order of factors to the impact on those of outside plant hole respectively were E>H>D>G>F, E>D>H>G>F, E>D>G>F>H, H>A>C>D>G>F>E.
The result showed that remarkable were the effect of controlling technology of microcosm of plant hole on water-salt transport and nutrient content of saline soil, and it was good for cutting off edaphic capillary water action, controlling the salinity accumulated and providing and maintaining nutrient needed by plants. It is a treatment technology with low cost, operating easily and high efficiency, agreed with the fundamental realities of our country, especially ecological rehabilitation of saline soil, and will do better in the practical area.
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