高准确率硬币鉴别装置的设计与实现
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摘要
人类社会生活日益追求便捷,硬币流通自动化技术的普遍应用就是一种很好的体现,如:自动售货机、投币电话机、游戏机、公交自动售票等都是一系列典型应用实例。然而,在人们的素养尚未得到普遍提高的情况下,使用假币冒充真币的现象时有发生,因此在硬币流通自动化设备中安装硬币鉴别装置成为不可或缺的技术手段。市面上现有硬币鉴别装置,由于硬件结构或软件算法的技术缺陷,往往存在成本高且辨别准确率不高的现象。
本文详细阐述一种成本低、准确率高的硬币鉴别装置的设计及其实现技术。该装置具有学习功能,通过对市面上流通的所有版本硬币进行一次性学习,把真币的材质特征保存在EEPROM存储器里,以此作为鉴别硬币真伪的根据。另外该系统还具有在线升级功能,当市面上发行新版本的硬币时,只需再次启动学习功能,就能把新币种的材质特征也存入EEPROM存储器,从而增加对新币种的鉴别功能。
该硬币鉴别装置包括:电磁传感器、信号调理电路、核心控制芯片、阀门开关电路。其中,电磁传感器形成涡流效应,这是对真假硬币实现准确鉴别的关键传感部件,信号调理电路将涡流效应模拟信号转换成数字信号,得到的数字信号通过核心控制芯片进行实时处理,阀门开关电路通过继电器控制阀门的开关,以接收或退出硬币。本文在提高准确率方面做出了多项改进措施,在硬件方面使用双频检测方法,在软件方面使用速度加权算法,从而使识别伪币的准确率达到98.3%以上。
The modern human society pursues convenient, the common usage of coins’automatic circulation technology is a typical illustration. Such as automatic vendors, pay phones, arcade games and self-service ticketing buses are all the typical application examples. However, at the situation that people’s social moral are not universally advanced, the facts that using the fake coins as the real ones happen frequently. Hence, it becomes a necessary technology method to install coins detecting instrument in the coins automatic circulation facility. There are coins detecting instruments in the market at present already. Because of the technology disadvantages of hardware structures or the software arithmetic, it is common phenomenon that the costs are too high and the accuracies are too low.
This paper will detailed expatiate a design and realization technology of low-cost and high-accuracy coin detecting instrument. This instrument has the function of learning. It can store the material characteristic of the real coins in the EEPROM memory through the learning of all kinds of coins in the market, and using this as the standard to judge the coins are real or fake. Otherwise, this system has the function that upgrade online. If there are new kinds of real coins in the market, we can just start the learning function and store the new coins’material characteristics in the EEPROM memory. Hence, add the function to detect the new kind of coins.
This coins detecting instrument including electromagnetic sensor, signal adjusting circuit, kernel control chip and valve switch circuit. The electromagnetic sensor generates the eddy current effect,it is the key sensor part to realize the function of detecting the coins. The signal adjusting circuit transforms analog signals of eddy current effect into digital signals. The digital signals are processed by kernel control chip real time. The valve switch circuit is used to control the relay, determine to receive or reject the coins. This paper expatiate several improvement methods on increasing the accuracy. Through double-frequency detecting method on the hardware aspect, and speed-weighted arithmetic on the software aspect, making the accuracy of detecting the fake coin above 98.3%.
本文详细阐述一种成本低、准确率高的硬币鉴别装置的设计及其实现技术。该装置具有学习功能,通过对市面上流通的所有版本硬币进行一次性学习,把真币的材质特征保存在EEPROM存储器里,以此作为鉴别硬币真伪的根据。另外该系统还具有在线升级功能,当市面上发行新版本的硬币时,只需再次启动学习功能,就能把新币种的材质特征也存入EEPROM存储器,从而增加对新币种的鉴别功能。
该硬币鉴别装置包括:电磁传感器、信号调理电路、核心控制芯片、阀门开关电路。其中,电磁传感器形成涡流效应,这是对真假硬币实现准确鉴别的关键传感部件,信号调理电路将涡流效应模拟信号转换成数字信号,得到的数字信号通过核心控制芯片进行实时处理,阀门开关电路通过继电器控制阀门的开关,以接收或退出硬币。本文在提高准确率方面做出了多项改进措施,在硬件方面使用双频检测方法,在软件方面使用速度加权算法,从而使识别伪币的准确率达到98.3%以上。
The modern human society pursues convenient, the common usage of coins’automatic circulation technology is a typical illustration. Such as automatic vendors, pay phones, arcade games and self-service ticketing buses are all the typical application examples. However, at the situation that people’s social moral are not universally advanced, the facts that using the fake coins as the real ones happen frequently. Hence, it becomes a necessary technology method to install coins detecting instrument in the coins automatic circulation facility. There are coins detecting instruments in the market at present already. Because of the technology disadvantages of hardware structures or the software arithmetic, it is common phenomenon that the costs are too high and the accuracies are too low.
This paper will detailed expatiate a design and realization technology of low-cost and high-accuracy coin detecting instrument. This instrument has the function of learning. It can store the material characteristic of the real coins in the EEPROM memory through the learning of all kinds of coins in the market, and using this as the standard to judge the coins are real or fake. Otherwise, this system has the function that upgrade online. If there are new kinds of real coins in the market, we can just start the learning function and store the new coins’material characteristics in the EEPROM memory. Hence, add the function to detect the new kind of coins.
This coins detecting instrument including electromagnetic sensor, signal adjusting circuit, kernel control chip and valve switch circuit. The electromagnetic sensor generates the eddy current effect,it is the key sensor part to realize the function of detecting the coins. The signal adjusting circuit transforms analog signals of eddy current effect into digital signals. The digital signals are processed by kernel control chip real time. The valve switch circuit is used to control the relay, determine to receive or reject the coins. This paper expatiate several improvement methods on increasing the accuracy. Through double-frequency detecting method on the hardware aspect, and speed-weighted arithmetic on the software aspect, making the accuracy of detecting the fake coin above 98.3%.
引文
[1] 胡朝晖 张秀彬 秦证,基于二级互补算法的硬币鉴别系统,微型机与应用,2002 年第 11 期:38-40
[2] 薛昭武等,PIC16C71 单片机在投币电话中的应用,电子技术,1996 年第 9 期:13-15
[3] 颜华敏等,基于 PC104 总线的硬币清分机研制,微型电脑应用,2004 年第 3 期:16-17
[4] 肖圣兵,电涡流传感器在人民币硬币识别系统中的应用,苏州大学学报(自然科学版),1996,V12No1:60～63
[5] 肖丽英,YB50 全自动硬币计数、包卷机的研制,包装工程,2003 年第 3 期:28-29
[6] 虞莲莲,实用有色金属材料手册,机械工业出版社,2001 年:16-19
[7] 杨林 冯冠平,智能化自动售货机钱币识别与分类系统的研究,仪表技术与传感器,1994 年第 3 期:33-34
[8] 吴新振 王祥珩,异步电机双笼转子导条集肤效应的计算,中国电机工程学报,2003 年第 3 期:116-120
[9] 刘洋 杨浩,单片机在硬币辨识及智能投币箱系统中的应用,交通与计算机,2003 年第 1 期:52-54
[10] 白建华 徐志江,一种实用的微机硬币鉴别装置,电子技术,1997 年第 8 期:348-350
[11] 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 质 量 监 督 检 验 检 疫 总 局 , GB/T 9798 —2002/ISO1458-2002,金属覆盖层—镍电沉积层,2002
[12] 顾国华 陈钱 张保民,一种基于电涡流传感器的数据采集系统,光电子技术,1997 年第 3 期:170-176
[13] 朱焕锦,涡流传感器在硬币识别中的应用,电话与交换,1999, 2:11-14
[14] 王永立,硬币及硬币材料的发展,材料科学与工程,1997 年第 1 期:66-68
[15] 李科杰,新编传感器技术手册,国防工业出版社,2002:617-637
[16] 杨林 冯冠平,智能化自动售货机钱币识别与分类系统的研究,仪表技术与传感器,1994,3:33-34
[17] 郁有文,涡流传感器在无损探测中的应用,传感器技术,1996,3:52-54
[18] 朱军等,自动售货机中的纸钞及硬币识别原理,传感器世界,1996,2:37-39
[19] 苏斌,IC 卡/投币式自动售报机,机械管理开发,2001 年,4(4):58-59
[20] 李鸿,单片机原理及应用,湖南大学出版社,2005
[21] 张景双,电镀溶液与镀层性能测试,化学工业出版社,2003 年:20-57
[22] 康光华,电子技术基础模拟部分,高等教育出版社,1999:410-411
[23] 沈幸农,传感器及应用技术,化学工业出版社,2002
[24] 劳文薇,AT89C2051 单片机在智能鉴伪点钞机中的应用,电子与自动化, 2000 6:20-55
[25] Philips:Data Handb~k IC20 "80C51 _Based 8 Bit Microcontrolle~s", 1997
[26] V. V. Panasyuk, B. M. Zaidel', Eddy-current sensor for the inspection of nonmagnetic metals, Materials Science (Historical Archive), Volume 11, Number 3: 348 – 349
[27] Williamson S, Begg M C. Calculation of the resistance and leakage reactance of cage rotors with closed slot. IEE Electric Power Applications, 1985, 132(3): 125-132
[28] Masanori Sugata, Saitama(JP). Coin Inspection Method and Device. United States, Sugata, 2000
[29] I. I. Druzhinin, V. V. Kochugurov, Monitoring metrological characteristics for built-in eddy-current sensors, Measurement Techniques (Historical Archive), Volume 31, Number 11: 1090 – 1092
[30] V. V. Panasyuk, B. M. Zaidel', Eddy-current sensor for measuring the length of a through crack propagating in a metal plate, Materials Science (Historical Archive), Volume 10, Number 5: 577 – 579
[31] Williamson S, Robinson M. Calculation for bar resistance and leakage reactance of cagerotors[C].Third International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives, London, 1987
[2] 薛昭武等,PIC16C71 单片机在投币电话中的应用,电子技术,1996 年第 9 期:13-15
[3] 颜华敏等,基于 PC104 总线的硬币清分机研制,微型电脑应用,2004 年第 3 期:16-17
[4] 肖圣兵,电涡流传感器在人民币硬币识别系统中的应用,苏州大学学报(自然科学版),1996,V12No1:60～63
[5] 肖丽英,YB50 全自动硬币计数、包卷机的研制,包装工程,2003 年第 3 期:28-29
[6] 虞莲莲,实用有色金属材料手册,机械工业出版社,2001 年:16-19
[7] 杨林 冯冠平,智能化自动售货机钱币识别与分类系统的研究,仪表技术与传感器,1994 年第 3 期:33-34
[8] 吴新振 王祥珩,异步电机双笼转子导条集肤效应的计算,中国电机工程学报,2003 年第 3 期:116-120
[9] 刘洋 杨浩,单片机在硬币辨识及智能投币箱系统中的应用,交通与计算机,2003 年第 1 期:52-54
[10] 白建华 徐志江,一种实用的微机硬币鉴别装置,电子技术,1997 年第 8 期:348-350
[11] 中 华 人 民 共 和 国 国 家 质 量 监 督 检 验 检 疫 总 局 , GB/T 9798 —2002/ISO1458-2002,金属覆盖层—镍电沉积层,2002
[12] 顾国华 陈钱 张保民,一种基于电涡流传感器的数据采集系统,光电子技术,1997 年第 3 期:170-176
[13] 朱焕锦,涡流传感器在硬币识别中的应用,电话与交换,1999, 2:11-14
[14] 王永立,硬币及硬币材料的发展,材料科学与工程,1997 年第 1 期:66-68
[15] 李科杰,新编传感器技术手册,国防工业出版社,2002:617-637
[16] 杨林 冯冠平,智能化自动售货机钱币识别与分类系统的研究,仪表技术与传感器,1994,3:33-34
[17] 郁有文,涡流传感器在无损探测中的应用,传感器技术,1996,3:52-54
[18] 朱军等,自动售货机中的纸钞及硬币识别原理,传感器世界,1996,2:37-39
[19] 苏斌,IC 卡/投币式自动售报机,机械管理开发,2001 年,4(4):58-59
[20] 李鸿,单片机原理及应用,湖南大学出版社,2005
[21] 张景双,电镀溶液与镀层性能测试,化学工业出版社,2003 年:20-57
[22] 康光华,电子技术基础模拟部分,高等教育出版社,1999:410-411
[23] 沈幸农,传感器及应用技术,化学工业出版社,2002
[24] 劳文薇,AT89C2051 单片机在智能鉴伪点钞机中的应用,电子与自动化, 2000 6:20-55
[25] Philips:Data Handb~k IC20 "80C51 _Based 8 Bit Microcontrolle~s", 1997
[26] V. V. Panasyuk, B. M. Zaidel', Eddy-current sensor for the inspection of nonmagnetic metals, Materials Science (Historical Archive), Volume 11, Number 3: 348 – 349
[27] Williamson S, Begg M C. Calculation of the resistance and leakage reactance of cage rotors with closed slot. IEE Electric Power Applications, 1985, 132(3): 125-132
[28] Masanori Sugata, Saitama(JP). Coin Inspection Method and Device. United States, Sugata, 2000
[29] I. I. Druzhinin, V. V. Kochugurov, Monitoring metrological characteristics for built-in eddy-current sensors, Measurement Techniques (Historical Archive), Volume 31, Number 11: 1090 – 1092
[30] V. V. Panasyuk, B. M. Zaidel', Eddy-current sensor for measuring the length of a through crack propagating in a metal plate, Materials Science (Historical Archive), Volume 10, Number 5: 577 – 579
[31] Williamson S, Robinson M. Calculation for bar resistance and leakage reactance of cagerotors[C].Third International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives, London, 1987