基于网络的中学无纸化作业系统的功能设计与优化
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摘要
本研究是在“主导-主体”教学模式的设计理念指导下,密切结合教学市场与无纸化作业系统的应用现状,通过对使用者和影响者多角度、多层次需求分析,充分发挥网络智能优势,设计的面向中学教学的无纸化作业系统优化方案。
文章以无纸化作业系统的功能设计与优化为主线,通过分析无纸化作业系统的应用现状与优缺点,开展多次实地调研和跟踪调查,充分挖掘学习者、教师、家长等多个角色的需求点,并深入分析无纸化作业系统的应用环境、学习者学习行为习惯,产品应用顾虑等,多角度全方位确定产品设计需求。同时,引入AHP层次分析法协助产品定位,结合基于Kano模型的需求筛选定性与定量分析确定需求权重,确定开发需求,为产品功能设计与实现提供参考。然后立足需求分析结论,融合网络环境的特点,充分发挥网络优势,将符合中学生的学习行为习惯贯彻到产品功能设计的始终,设计符合教育教学规律及教学市场特点的教育信息化产品,有效缓解传统教学过程中存在的教与学反馈不及时的矛盾,培养学生主动学习的意识,并采取实验校实地试验等反馈方式,对应用结论进行实证研究。
应用结果显示,通过前期多角色的需求分析并密切结合AHP层次分析法和基于Kano模型的个性化需求筛选协助产品定位和确定需求权重,能有效减轻在无纸化作业系统设计过程中由于设计人员主观判断所造成的误差,提高产品设计的市场满意度。
This thesis is to guide the design idea in "dominant—principal" teaching mode, and closely combined with using present situation of teaching and paperless system, through the analysis of multi-angle, multi-level needs of users and effects, and give full play to the advantage of network intelligence, the paperless operation system optimization scheme for high school teaching.
According to the functional design of paperless system and optimization of the main line, through the analysis of current situation of paperless system and the advantages and disadvantages of it, to carry out investigation and follow-up survey several times, fully tap the learners, teachers, parents and other multiple roles demand, and in-depth analysis of application environment, learning behavior of learners, product application concerns, multi-angle all-round product design requirements. At the same time, the introduction of AHP analytic hierarchy process to assist in product positioning, combined with the Kano model based on the requirements of qualitative and quantitative analysis of screening to determine demand weight, provides the reference for the product function design and implementation. Then based on the demand analysis conclusion, characteristics of the fusion of network environment, give full play to the network edge. It will meet the learning habits of students to implement the product design, design in line with the characteristics of the law of education and teaching and the teaching market education information products, effectively alleviate the contradiction of teaching and learning is not timely feedback in the traditional teaching process, training students initiative study consciousness, and take the experimental school field test feedback mode, makes an empirical study on the experimental conclusion.
The experimental results show concluding which comes from the demand analysis of early role and closely combined with the AHP analytic hierarchy process and the personalized demand based on Kano model selection to assist in product positioning and identifying needs weight can effectively reduce the paperless system design process due to errors caused by subjective judgment of designers, improve product design and market satisfaction.
文章以无纸化作业系统的功能设计与优化为主线,通过分析无纸化作业系统的应用现状与优缺点,开展多次实地调研和跟踪调查,充分挖掘学习者、教师、家长等多个角色的需求点,并深入分析无纸化作业系统的应用环境、学习者学习行为习惯,产品应用顾虑等,多角度全方位确定产品设计需求。同时,引入AHP层次分析法协助产品定位,结合基于Kano模型的需求筛选定性与定量分析确定需求权重,确定开发需求,为产品功能设计与实现提供参考。然后立足需求分析结论,融合网络环境的特点,充分发挥网络优势,将符合中学生的学习行为习惯贯彻到产品功能设计的始终,设计符合教育教学规律及教学市场特点的教育信息化产品,有效缓解传统教学过程中存在的教与学反馈不及时的矛盾,培养学生主动学习的意识,并采取实验校实地试验等反馈方式,对应用结论进行实证研究。
应用结果显示,通过前期多角色的需求分析并密切结合AHP层次分析法和基于Kano模型的个性化需求筛选协助产品定位和确定需求权重,能有效减轻在无纸化作业系统设计过程中由于设计人员主观判断所造成的误差,提高产品设计的市场满意度。
This thesis is to guide the design idea in "dominant—principal" teaching mode, and closely combined with using present situation of teaching and paperless system, through the analysis of multi-angle, multi-level needs of users and effects, and give full play to the advantage of network intelligence, the paperless operation system optimization scheme for high school teaching.
According to the functional design of paperless system and optimization of the main line, through the analysis of current situation of paperless system and the advantages and disadvantages of it, to carry out investigation and follow-up survey several times, fully tap the learners, teachers, parents and other multiple roles demand, and in-depth analysis of application environment, learning behavior of learners, product application concerns, multi-angle all-round product design requirements. At the same time, the introduction of AHP analytic hierarchy process to assist in product positioning, combined with the Kano model based on the requirements of qualitative and quantitative analysis of screening to determine demand weight, provides the reference for the product function design and implementation. Then based on the demand analysis conclusion, characteristics of the fusion of network environment, give full play to the network edge. It will meet the learning habits of students to implement the product design, design in line with the characteristics of the law of education and teaching and the teaching market education information products, effectively alleviate the contradiction of teaching and learning is not timely feedback in the traditional teaching process, training students initiative study consciousness, and take the experimental school field test feedback mode, makes an empirical study on the experimental conclusion.
The experimental results show concluding which comes from the demand analysis of early role and closely combined with the AHP analytic hierarchy process and the personalized demand based on Kano model selection to assist in product positioning and identifying needs weight can effectively reduce the paperless system design process due to errors caused by subjective judgment of designers, improve product design and market satisfaction.
引文
…和亮.教育信息化是教育发展的必然趋势[J].中国新技术新产品2009,(13)：129
[2]张雅琪,丛冰玉,李洋.新课改背景下中小学课外作业现状的调查研究[J].科技信息
[3]刘世稳.关于中小学家庭作业问题的调查与思考[J].现代中小学教育.2001,2
[4]张悦悦,赵莹.数字化视野下的小学教辅图书出版[EB/OL].http://www.anhuinews.com/zhuyeguanli/system/2009/12/15/002495550.shtml
[5]张彦华.国内数字出版所处困境及发展途径研究[D].重庆大学,2011
[6]李克东.数字化学习----信息技术与管理课程整合的核心.电化教育研究2001(9)：19
[7]李师贤,张络玲.需求分析的常见问题及其对策分析[J].计算机工程.2002,28(1)：6-8
[8]陈冰冰.国内外需求分析研究述评[J].温州大学.2009,41(2)
[9]刘嵩.软件需求分析方法创新研究[D].武汉理工大学.2005
[10]曾杰.在线作业系统发展现状、问题与建议[J].中国电化教育研究.2009,(271)：106-110
[11]Anonymous,NC State offers online homework systemO,T.H.E.Journal, Nov 2002. Vol.30,Iss.4;pg.16,1pgs
[12]John C.Dutton,WebAssign:A Better Homework Delivery Tool.0 The Technology Source, February 2001
[13]Janet Macdonald, Developing competent e-learners:The role of assessment0 Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, Apr 2004.Vol.29,Iss.2
[14]陈华,聂刚,刘萱.对美国在线作业系统WebAssign的研究与启示[J].现代远距离教育.2005(3)：79-81
[15]王珠珠,刘雍潜等.《中小学教育信息化建设与应用状况的调查研究》报告[J].中国电化教育,2005(225)：25-31
[16]袁媛.基于新课程评定理念的在线作业系统的研究与实现[D].华南师范大学,2003
[17]杨开城.建构主义学习环境的设计原则[J].中国电化教育：2000,(4)
[18]何克抗,李克东.教育技术学[M].北京师范大学出版社,2002
[19]杨会云.网络学习中成人学习动机的策略研究[D].河北大学.2007
[20]孙艳超.网络环境下成人学习动机策略研究[D].南京师范大学.2006
[21]钱晓莉.浅析中学生学习动机[J].考试周刊,2009(18)：189
[22]马静.中学生学习动机的发展特点研究[J].考试周刊2009(44)：224
[23]樊立娜.网络环境下基于馆藏评价的高校图书馆采访工作研究[D].东北师范大学, 2010
[24]揭后新.“双主体”教学设计模式在网络课程中的研究[D].西南交通大学.2011
[25]Paas, F., van Merrienboer & Jeroen, J.G. Variability of Worked Examples and Transfer of Geometrical Problem-Solving Skills:A Cognitive-Load Approach[J]. Journal of Educational Psychology,1994,86 (1):122-123.
[26]张春梅.论网络对中学生的影响[J].吉林教育.2009,(11)
[27]杨秀.网络对中学生学习的影响及对策研究[D].东北师范大学.2009
[28]尹睿.网络学习环境研究的困境与转向[J].中国电化教,2009
[29]张大鹏.基于AHP-模糊综合评价法的黄石旅游资源的定量分析[J].湖北师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版).2007,29(3)
[30]蔚少坤,李叔娟,李言.用层次分析法(AHP)确定QFD中用户需求权重[J].机械设计与制造,2005(6)：170-171
[31]叶文华.面向产品方案决策的层次分析改进算法研究[J].机械科学与技术：2002,21(2)：325-327
[32]吕剑.知识型企业隐性知识管理绩效的评价指标与方法研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2010
[33]魏丽坤.Kano模型和服务质量差距模型的比较研究[J].世界标准化与质量管理：2006,(9)
[34]唐中君.基于Kano模型的个性化需求获取方法研究[J].软科学,2012
[35]Martin Lfgren and Lars Witell. Kano's Theory of Attractive Quality and Packaging. QMJ,2005(3)
[36]Berger Charles etc. Kano's Methods for Understanding Customer-defined Quality. Center for Quality ManagementJournal,1993(vol.4)
[37]Martin Lfgren and Lars Witell. Kano's Theory of Attractive Quality and Packaging. QMJ,2005(3)
[38]姚纯贞,米建荣,王红成.国内外“学习行为”研究综述[J].教学与管理.2009
[39]王爽.民办高校大学生学习行为研究.辽宁师范大学[D].2011
[40]侯智.基于KANO模型的用户需求重要度调度整方法研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005.11(12)：1786-1789
[41]Sanayei A, Mousavi S F, Yazdankhah A. Group decision making process for supplier selection with VIKOR under fuzzy environment[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2010,37:24—30.
[42]FelixT S C, Kumar N, Tiwari M K, et al. Global supplier selection:A fuzzy—AHP approach[J]. International Journal of Production Research 2008.46 (14):3825—3857.
[43]金霜,殷国富,何忠秀.基于Kano模型的用户需求指标体系研究[J].包装工程.2006,27(4)
[44]段黎明,黄欢.QFD和Kano模型的集成方法及应用[J].重庆大学学报,2008,31(5)
[45]李兴国,明艳秋,钟金宏.基于QFD和Kano模型的供应商选择方法[J].系统管理学报.2011,20(5)
[46]LEEHJ,LEEJK. An effective customization procedure with configurable standard models [J]. Decision Support Systems,2005,41 (1):2622278.
[47]张琳.基于电子学档的在线作业系统的设计与实现[D].上海外国语大学,2010
[48]刘建舟,刘晓华.智能化网络作业系统的设计及关键技术研究[J].软件导刊,2006,(3)：18-21
[49]杨宁学.作业系统中计算类主观题处理技术研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2006.
[50]许黎黎.基于量规的在线作业评价系统的设计与开发[D].华东师范大学,2006
[51]罗金满.基于web的作业交互平台的设计和实现[J].科技资讯.2006(16)：63-64
[52]王强.在线测评系统在课堂教学中的应用研究[D].东北师范大学,2005
[53]周颖.网络作业系统的设计与实现[D].电子科技大学.2003
[54]姜强,赵蔚,王明娇.基于ASP的个性化在线作业系统的设计与实现[J].中小学电教,2005(12)：53-55
[55]张蔚.电子作业管理系统的设计与开发[J].软件特刊,2007,4：27-29
[56]秦新国.电子作业管理和作业抄袭检测技术研究[D].南京师范大学,2007
[2]张雅琪,丛冰玉,李洋.新课改背景下中小学课外作业现状的调查研究[J].科技信息
[3]刘世稳.关于中小学家庭作业问题的调查与思考[J].现代中小学教育.2001,2
[4]张悦悦,赵莹.数字化视野下的小学教辅图书出版[EB/OL].http://www.anhuinews.com/zhuyeguanli/system/2009/12/15/002495550.shtml
[5]张彦华.国内数字出版所处困境及发展途径研究[D].重庆大学,2011
[6]李克东.数字化学习----信息技术与管理课程整合的核心.电化教育研究2001(9)：19
[7]李师贤,张络玲.需求分析的常见问题及其对策分析[J].计算机工程.2002,28(1)：6-8
[8]陈冰冰.国内外需求分析研究述评[J].温州大学.2009,41(2)
[9]刘嵩.软件需求分析方法创新研究[D].武汉理工大学.2005
[10]曾杰.在线作业系统发展现状、问题与建议[J].中国电化教育研究.2009,(271)：106-110
[11]Anonymous,NC State offers online homework systemO,T.H.E.Journal, Nov 2002. Vol.30,Iss.4;pg.16,1pgs
[12]John C.Dutton,WebAssign:A Better Homework Delivery Tool.0 The Technology Source, February 2001
[13]Janet Macdonald, Developing competent e-learners:The role of assessment0 Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, Apr 2004.Vol.29,Iss.2
[14]陈华,聂刚,刘萱.对美国在线作业系统WebAssign的研究与启示[J].现代远距离教育.2005(3)：79-81
[15]王珠珠,刘雍潜等.《中小学教育信息化建设与应用状况的调查研究》报告[J].中国电化教育,2005(225)：25-31
[16]袁媛.基于新课程评定理念的在线作业系统的研究与实现[D].华南师范大学,2003
[17]杨开城.建构主义学习环境的设计原则[J].中国电化教育：2000,(4)
[18]何克抗,李克东.教育技术学[M].北京师范大学出版社,2002
[19]杨会云.网络学习中成人学习动机的策略研究[D].河北大学.2007
[20]孙艳超.网络环境下成人学习动机策略研究[D].南京师范大学.2006
[21]钱晓莉.浅析中学生学习动机[J].考试周刊,2009(18)：189
[22]马静.中学生学习动机的发展特点研究[J].考试周刊2009(44)：224
[23]樊立娜.网络环境下基于馆藏评价的高校图书馆采访工作研究[D].东北师范大学, 2010
[24]揭后新.“双主体”教学设计模式在网络课程中的研究[D].西南交通大学.2011
[25]Paas, F., van Merrienboer & Jeroen, J.G. Variability of Worked Examples and Transfer of Geometrical Problem-Solving Skills:A Cognitive-Load Approach[J]. Journal of Educational Psychology,1994,86 (1):122-123.
[26]张春梅.论网络对中学生的影响[J].吉林教育.2009,(11)
[27]杨秀.网络对中学生学习的影响及对策研究[D].东北师范大学.2009
[28]尹睿.网络学习环境研究的困境与转向[J].中国电化教,2009
[29]张大鹏.基于AHP-模糊综合评价法的黄石旅游资源的定量分析[J].湖北师范学院学报(哲学社会科学版).2007,29(3)
[30]蔚少坤,李叔娟,李言.用层次分析法(AHP)确定QFD中用户需求权重[J].机械设计与制造,2005(6)：170-171
[31]叶文华.面向产品方案决策的层次分析改进算法研究[J].机械科学与技术：2002,21(2)：325-327
[32]吕剑.知识型企业隐性知识管理绩效的评价指标与方法研究[D].南京航空航天大学,2010
[33]魏丽坤.Kano模型和服务质量差距模型的比较研究[J].世界标准化与质量管理：2006,(9)
[34]唐中君.基于Kano模型的个性化需求获取方法研究[J].软科学,2012
[35]Martin Lfgren and Lars Witell. Kano's Theory of Attractive Quality and Packaging. QMJ,2005(3)
[36]Berger Charles etc. Kano's Methods for Understanding Customer-defined Quality. Center for Quality ManagementJournal,1993(vol.4)
[37]Martin Lfgren and Lars Witell. Kano's Theory of Attractive Quality and Packaging. QMJ,2005(3)
[38]姚纯贞,米建荣,王红成.国内外“学习行为”研究综述[J].教学与管理.2009
[39]王爽.民办高校大学生学习行为研究.辽宁师范大学[D].2011
[40]侯智.基于KANO模型的用户需求重要度调度整方法研究[J].计算机集成制造系统,2005.11(12)：1786-1789
[41]Sanayei A, Mousavi S F, Yazdankhah A. Group decision making process for supplier selection with VIKOR under fuzzy environment[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2010,37:24—30.
[42]FelixT S C, Kumar N, Tiwari M K, et al. Global supplier selection:A fuzzy—AHP approach[J]. International Journal of Production Research 2008.46 (14):3825—3857.
[43]金霜,殷国富,何忠秀.基于Kano模型的用户需求指标体系研究[J].包装工程.2006,27(4)
[44]段黎明,黄欢.QFD和Kano模型的集成方法及应用[J].重庆大学学报,2008,31(5)
[45]李兴国,明艳秋,钟金宏.基于QFD和Kano模型的供应商选择方法[J].系统管理学报.2011,20(5)
[46]LEEHJ,LEEJK. An effective customization procedure with configurable standard models [J]. Decision Support Systems,2005,41 (1):2622278.
[47]张琳.基于电子学档的在线作业系统的设计与实现[D].上海外国语大学,2010
[48]刘建舟,刘晓华.智能化网络作业系统的设计及关键技术研究[J].软件导刊,2006,(3)：18-21
[49]杨宁学.作业系统中计算类主观题处理技术研究[D].成都：西南交通大学,2006.
[50]许黎黎.基于量规的在线作业评价系统的设计与开发[D].华东师范大学,2006
[51]罗金满.基于web的作业交互平台的设计和实现[J].科技资讯.2006(16)：63-64
[52]王强.在线测评系统在课堂教学中的应用研究[D].东北师范大学,2005
[53]周颖.网络作业系统的设计与实现[D].电子科技大学.2003
[54]姜强,赵蔚,王明娇.基于ASP的个性化在线作业系统的设计与实现[J].中小学电教,2005(12)：53-55
[55]张蔚.电子作业管理系统的设计与开发[J].软件特刊,2007,4：27-29
[56]秦新国.电子作业管理和作业抄袭检测技术研究[D].南京师范大学,2007