高压大容量串联有源电力滤波器关键技术研究
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摘要
近年来，随着电力电子技术的发展，各种非线性负载的大量应用，给电网带来了严重的谐波污染，并由此产生了一系列电能质量问题。但同时，各种敏感负载对电能质量的要求有日益提高，在这种背景下，谐波问题成为了人们普遍关注的问题。混合型有源电力滤波器由于综合了无源滤波器成本低、可靠性高以及有源滤波器补偿方式灵活等特点，成为目前谐波抑制领域的研究热点。本文主要围绕着基于变压器基波磁通补偿(fundamental magnetic flux compensation，FMFC)原理的串联混合型有源电力滤波器(series hybrid active power filter，SHAPF)以及相关问题展开研究，主要内容是：
1、将基于FMFC原理的SHAPF推广到三相电路。首次讨论了采用三相六桥臂全桥逆变器的三相APF干扰电压相间耦合问题。解释了在同样条件下，采用三相逆变器的滤波效果比三个单相逆变器差的原因。并提出短接逆变器母线1/2分压点和串联变压器的中性点能在一定程度上实现干扰电压的解耦，改善滤波效果。实验结果证实了理论分析的正确性。
2、对基于FMFC原理的SHAPF的母线电压控制技术展开研究，提出了一种不依赖于串联变压器端口电压的测量SHAPF的直流母线电压控制策略。直流母线电压的受控，为基于磁通补偿原理的APF自动适应各种工况提供了可能。该策略没有额外增加器件，不增加成本。
3、当逆变器同时向串联变压器的二次绕组注入基波和谐波电流时，试验中出现了SHAPF的系统电流和逆变器输出电流间谐波振荡现象。本文就这一现象展开研究。得出结论是有源滤波器的电流振荡现象的实质是APF系统对间谐波失稳。提出了几种增强间谐波稳定性的措施。其中，电压前馈控制简单易行，除了可以解决电流振荡问题外，还能进一步改善滤波效果。仿真和实验结果均证实了理论分析的正确性。
4、前三部分的内容为基于FMFC原理的SHAPF应用于高压大容量的电力系统打下了基础。在其研究结论上，确立了高压应用时应采用三个互相独立的单相逆变器和控制策略，且不共用直流母线；也不再同时补偿同相谐波电流。在此基础上，本文建立了应用于高压大容量系统的串联变压器等效阻抗模型，并以此讨论串联变压器的本体参数对变压器谐波等效阻抗的影响，得出了变压器的变比k对其等效谐波阻抗和SHAPF的滤波效果存在重大影响的结论。进而以广东某厂的10kV、0.8MVA实际系统为例，建立了SHAPF的全局模型，详细分析了串联变压器本体参数和逆变器电流控制环节各参数对滤波效果的影响。该全局模型为实际样机的参数设计提供了理论基础。仿真验证了理论分析结果的正确性，为实际样机的参数设定提供了依据。
5、研制了一套基于磁通补偿原理的串联混合型APF工程样机，并在广东某厂的10kV、0.8MVA实际系统挂网运行。样机的滤波效果良好。还就一些极端工况的滤波效果以及负载端电压等影响SHAPF应用前景的问题展开了实验研究。
In the recent decades, with the repid development of the the power electronicstechnology, the widely industrial application of the nonlinear load based on powerelectronics devices has brought serious harmonic pollution to power grid, as well as a seriesof power quality problems. Meanwhile, various kinds of sensitive load demande stringentspecification of power supply quality. In this context, the harmonis problem became serious.The hybrid active power filter now is the research hotspot in the harmonic suppression,since it has both the advantages of the passive power filter and active power filter, such aslow cost, high reliability and flexible compensation and so on. The object of study of thisdissertation is the new type series hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) based onfundamental magnetic flux compensation (FMFC). Some related problems are discussed.
This dissertation introduces the three-phase SHAPF based on FMFC. Then discuss thedisturbance voltage coupling problem in different phase when adopt six bridges inverters.The theoretical analysis account for the reasons the filtering effects adopt three-phaseinverter is less then the three number of single-phase inverter. Adding midcourt line canuncouple the disturbance voltage and improve the filtering effects. The validity of thetheoretical analysis conclusions is verified by the experimental results.
In order to solve the DC voltage control problem of the series hybrid active powerfilter, a novel DC voltage control strategy of the SHAPF is proposed. This new controlstrategy is independent of the detection of the primary winding port voltage of the seriestransformer. The inverter generates fixed active power current, so that the fundamentalvoltage loss of the series transformer may remain stable. The controlled DC voltageprovides the feasibility of the SHAPF based on FMFC to adapt various working conditions.This DC voltage control strategy has no additional power electronics device, and notincrease the cost.
When adding the same phase harmonic current instructions in current control block,the system current of the SHAPF appear oscillation phenomenon. The essence ofoscillations phenomenon is that the SHAPF system is unstable to the interharmonics current. In order to solve this problem, some methods are proposed. From the practical viewpoint,the voltage feed-forward control is easy to achieve. It can reduce the current oscillationproblems, and also improve the filtering effect. The feasibility of these methods is validatedby both the emulation and experiment results.
Taking the series hybrid active power filter based on magnetic flux compensation asexample, this paper analyzes the interharmonics stability of the APF system
The conclusion of the above research is that when the SHAPF based on FMFC appliedin the high voltage and large capacity electrical power system, it is suitable to choose threesingle phase H bridge inverter instesd of three-phase inverter. And the same phase harmoniccompensate current is unnecessary. Then based on these conclusions, the equivalentharmonic impedance model of the series is established. And on the basis of the model, theimpact of the parameters of the series transformer to the equivalent harmonic impedance isdiscissed. The conclusion is that the turn’s ratio k of the series transformer has greatlyimfluence to the filtering effects. Then takes the10kV,0.8MVA electrical power load in acertain factory in Guangdong Province as example, the accurate global mathematical modelof the SHAPF based on FMFC is established. The series transformer parameters and theinverter control parameters are discussed in detail to show its imfluence to the filteringeffects. This accurate global mathematical model can be used as foundations of theparameter selection of the SHAPF. The simulation results verify the validity of thetheoretical analysis.
On the basis of the above work, an engineering prototype has been manufactured andwell running in the factory in Guangdong Province. A good filtering performance isachieved. This dissertation also pays attention to the some related problem, such as thetilerting effect in some extreme working conditions, and the load voltage.
1、将基于FMFC原理的SHAPF推广到三相电路。首次讨论了采用三相六桥臂全桥逆变器的三相APF干扰电压相间耦合问题。解释了在同样条件下，采用三相逆变器的滤波效果比三个单相逆变器差的原因。并提出短接逆变器母线1/2分压点和串联变压器的中性点能在一定程度上实现干扰电压的解耦，改善滤波效果。实验结果证实了理论分析的正确性。
2、对基于FMFC原理的SHAPF的母线电压控制技术展开研究，提出了一种不依赖于串联变压器端口电压的测量SHAPF的直流母线电压控制策略。直流母线电压的受控，为基于磁通补偿原理的APF自动适应各种工况提供了可能。该策略没有额外增加器件，不增加成本。
3、当逆变器同时向串联变压器的二次绕组注入基波和谐波电流时，试验中出现了SHAPF的系统电流和逆变器输出电流间谐波振荡现象。本文就这一现象展开研究。得出结论是有源滤波器的电流振荡现象的实质是APF系统对间谐波失稳。提出了几种增强间谐波稳定性的措施。其中，电压前馈控制简单易行，除了可以解决电流振荡问题外，还能进一步改善滤波效果。仿真和实验结果均证实了理论分析的正确性。
4、前三部分的内容为基于FMFC原理的SHAPF应用于高压大容量的电力系统打下了基础。在其研究结论上，确立了高压应用时应采用三个互相独立的单相逆变器和控制策略，且不共用直流母线；也不再同时补偿同相谐波电流。在此基础上，本文建立了应用于高压大容量系统的串联变压器等效阻抗模型，并以此讨论串联变压器的本体参数对变压器谐波等效阻抗的影响，得出了变压器的变比k对其等效谐波阻抗和SHAPF的滤波效果存在重大影响的结论。进而以广东某厂的10kV、0.8MVA实际系统为例，建立了SHAPF的全局模型，详细分析了串联变压器本体参数和逆变器电流控制环节各参数对滤波效果的影响。该全局模型为实际样机的参数设计提供了理论基础。仿真验证了理论分析结果的正确性，为实际样机的参数设定提供了依据。
5、研制了一套基于磁通补偿原理的串联混合型APF工程样机，并在广东某厂的10kV、0.8MVA实际系统挂网运行。样机的滤波效果良好。还就一些极端工况的滤波效果以及负载端电压等影响SHAPF应用前景的问题展开了实验研究。
In the recent decades, with the repid development of the the power electronicstechnology, the widely industrial application of the nonlinear load based on powerelectronics devices has brought serious harmonic pollution to power grid, as well as a seriesof power quality problems. Meanwhile, various kinds of sensitive load demande stringentspecification of power supply quality. In this context, the harmonis problem became serious.The hybrid active power filter now is the research hotspot in the harmonic suppression,since it has both the advantages of the passive power filter and active power filter, such aslow cost, high reliability and flexible compensation and so on. The object of study of thisdissertation is the new type series hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) based onfundamental magnetic flux compensation (FMFC). Some related problems are discussed.
This dissertation introduces the three-phase SHAPF based on FMFC. Then discuss thedisturbance voltage coupling problem in different phase when adopt six bridges inverters.The theoretical analysis account for the reasons the filtering effects adopt three-phaseinverter is less then the three number of single-phase inverter. Adding midcourt line canuncouple the disturbance voltage and improve the filtering effects. The validity of thetheoretical analysis conclusions is verified by the experimental results.
In order to solve the DC voltage control problem of the series hybrid active powerfilter, a novel DC voltage control strategy of the SHAPF is proposed. This new controlstrategy is independent of the detection of the primary winding port voltage of the seriestransformer. The inverter generates fixed active power current, so that the fundamentalvoltage loss of the series transformer may remain stable. The controlled DC voltageprovides the feasibility of the SHAPF based on FMFC to adapt various working conditions.This DC voltage control strategy has no additional power electronics device, and notincrease the cost.
When adding the same phase harmonic current instructions in current control block,the system current of the SHAPF appear oscillation phenomenon. The essence ofoscillations phenomenon is that the SHAPF system is unstable to the interharmonics current. In order to solve this problem, some methods are proposed. From the practical viewpoint,the voltage feed-forward control is easy to achieve. It can reduce the current oscillationproblems, and also improve the filtering effect. The feasibility of these methods is validatedby both the emulation and experiment results.
Taking the series hybrid active power filter based on magnetic flux compensation asexample, this paper analyzes the interharmonics stability of the APF system
The conclusion of the above research is that when the SHAPF based on FMFC appliedin the high voltage and large capacity electrical power system, it is suitable to choose threesingle phase H bridge inverter instesd of three-phase inverter. And the same phase harmoniccompensate current is unnecessary. Then based on these conclusions, the equivalentharmonic impedance model of the series is established. And on the basis of the model, theimpact of the parameters of the series transformer to the equivalent harmonic impedance isdiscissed. The conclusion is that the turn’s ratio k of the series transformer has greatlyimfluence to the filtering effects. Then takes the10kV,0.8MVA electrical power load in acertain factory in Guangdong Province as example, the accurate global mathematical modelof the SHAPF based on FMFC is established. The series transformer parameters and theinverter control parameters are discussed in detail to show its imfluence to the filteringeffects. This accurate global mathematical model can be used as foundations of theparameter selection of the SHAPF. The simulation results verify the validity of thetheoretical analysis.
On the basis of the above work, an engineering prototype has been manufactured andwell running in the factory in Guangdong Province. A good filtering performance isachieved. This dissertation also pays attention to the some related problem, such as thetilerting effect in some extreme working conditions, and the load voltage.
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