墙幕结合在深厚覆盖层中的应用
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摘要
目前在复杂的深厚覆盖层上建坝,普遍采用垂直防渗技术,其主要形式有：防渗墙、帷幕灌浆及墙幕结合技术。在防渗工程中,覆盖层厚度百米以下当首选防渗墙；百米以上的首选墙幕结合技术。
由于墙幕结合技术目前主要依靠防渗墙与防渗帷幕各自的技术规范和经验来设计和施工,没有现行的墙幕结合技术规范可供参考,因此还存在一些重要问题值得研究。例如：怎样确定防渗墙与帷幕的组合形式、怎样实现墙下灌浆施工、如何防止孔内铸管、如何确定灌浆浆液的配比及变浆条件、如何确定合理的灌浆工艺参数、如何确定最优灌浆压力及控制原则；怎样实现上部为空段的灌浆孔的检查；墙幕搭接长度如何确定等。
本文结合在深厚覆盖层中进行防渗墙下帷幕灌浆的工程特点,研究适宜的灌浆材料,相应的最优配合比,以及灌浆的施工工艺；在选定了防渗材料、施工机械、施工技术和工艺的基础上,就改变浆液配比、灌浆压力、流量控制、浆液变换、灌浆方式和方法等进行试验,并对帷幕体的防渗效果进行检查分析。
以泸定水电站坝基防渗工程河床廊道中(桩号0+146.00m-0+172.00m)墙下帷幕灌浆生产性试验为基础,结合三峡一、二期围堰,四川瀑布沟水电站,四川冶勒水电站,新疆下坂地水利枢纽,尼山水库等防渗工程施工成果,综合分析施工绩效、帷幕体的防渗效果等,总结提炼出与地层条件相适应的防渗性能优越的防渗工法,以及与此配套的施工技术和工艺；
试验研究成果具体为：①拟定了安全经济的坝基防渗方案；②确定了防渗墙与帷幕的搭接长度；③拟定了墙下深孔灌浆的施工方法；④确定了浆液配比、灌浆压力、流量控制、浆液变换条件、结束标准等参数以及特殊情况下采取的技术措施等；⑤实现了在上部是空孔段的灌浆孔内进行灌浆帷幕检查。
Present building the dam in a complex overburden, the technology of seepage control commonly used in vertical, and its main forms:cut-off wall, curtain grouting, and Cut-off combined with curtain In a project of seepage,used the cut-off wall when the depth of the deep overburden layer less than 100 meter; the other we take the technology of cut-off combined with curtain.
Because the technology of cut-off combined with curtain rely mainly on their respective cut-off wall and seepage curtain technical specifications and experience to design and construction now, and no existing technical specifications for cut-off combined with curtain, so there are still some important issues worth studying. For example:how to determine the cut-off wall and the seepage curtain, how to determine the grouting under the wall, how to prevent the hole pipe being curdled, how to determine the ratio of slurry and the conditions that change the ratio of the slurry, how to determine reasonable parameters of the grouting process, how to identify the mostoptimal injection pressure and the principles of control; how to check the quality of grouting in a drill hole that the upper part of the inspection hole filling is empty; such as how to determine the length of lap.
In this paper, combining the engineering characteristics of curtain grouting under cut-off wall in the deep overburden, research suitable filling material、the corresponding optimal mixture ratio、and the grouting process; based on selected impervious materials, construction machinery, construction technologyand processes, change the ratio of slurry, filling pressures, flow control, slurry change, change the way and method of grouting to experiment, at last to inspect and analysis the effect of the grouting body.
Base on the experiment of grouting under the wall in river corridor (Stake 0 +146.00m～0+172.00m) of the seepage prevention of dam founda of Luding hydropower that control by Ltd of hydroelectricfoundation of China in the Dadu River in Sichuan Province.combine with the results of the seepage prevention that the Three Gorges one and second-phase cofferdam、Falls Hydropower Station in Sichuan Sichuan Yele hydropower、Xiabandi hydropower Project、reservoir of Nishan, comprehensive analysis the performance of construction and the effect of the curtain body. put forward with the formationimpervious impervious superior performance technology that adapted to the conditions of layer, as well as supporting the construction of technology and technology;
Comprehensive analysis the research results, proposed the economical and safe program of the seepage prevention of dam founda; proposed the method for determining the length of lap; proposed a grouting method under the cut-off wall; proposed the size ratio, grouting pressure, flow control, slurry conversion conditions, the end of the standard and methods of determining special circumstances; proposed a method to check the quality of grouting in a drill hole that the upper part of the inspection hole filling is empty.
由于墙幕结合技术目前主要依靠防渗墙与防渗帷幕各自的技术规范和经验来设计和施工,没有现行的墙幕结合技术规范可供参考,因此还存在一些重要问题值得研究。例如：怎样确定防渗墙与帷幕的组合形式、怎样实现墙下灌浆施工、如何防止孔内铸管、如何确定灌浆浆液的配比及变浆条件、如何确定合理的灌浆工艺参数、如何确定最优灌浆压力及控制原则；怎样实现上部为空段的灌浆孔的检查；墙幕搭接长度如何确定等。
本文结合在深厚覆盖层中进行防渗墙下帷幕灌浆的工程特点,研究适宜的灌浆材料,相应的最优配合比,以及灌浆的施工工艺；在选定了防渗材料、施工机械、施工技术和工艺的基础上,就改变浆液配比、灌浆压力、流量控制、浆液变换、灌浆方式和方法等进行试验,并对帷幕体的防渗效果进行检查分析。
以泸定水电站坝基防渗工程河床廊道中(桩号0+146.00m-0+172.00m)墙下帷幕灌浆生产性试验为基础,结合三峡一、二期围堰,四川瀑布沟水电站,四川冶勒水电站,新疆下坂地水利枢纽,尼山水库等防渗工程施工成果,综合分析施工绩效、帷幕体的防渗效果等,总结提炼出与地层条件相适应的防渗性能优越的防渗工法,以及与此配套的施工技术和工艺；
试验研究成果具体为：①拟定了安全经济的坝基防渗方案；②确定了防渗墙与帷幕的搭接长度；③拟定了墙下深孔灌浆的施工方法；④确定了浆液配比、灌浆压力、流量控制、浆液变换条件、结束标准等参数以及特殊情况下采取的技术措施等；⑤实现了在上部是空孔段的灌浆孔内进行灌浆帷幕检查。
Present building the dam in a complex overburden, the technology of seepage control commonly used in vertical, and its main forms:cut-off wall, curtain grouting, and Cut-off combined with curtain In a project of seepage,used the cut-off wall when the depth of the deep overburden layer less than 100 meter; the other we take the technology of cut-off combined with curtain.
Because the technology of cut-off combined with curtain rely mainly on their respective cut-off wall and seepage curtain technical specifications and experience to design and construction now, and no existing technical specifications for cut-off combined with curtain, so there are still some important issues worth studying. For example:how to determine the cut-off wall and the seepage curtain, how to determine the grouting under the wall, how to prevent the hole pipe being curdled, how to determine the ratio of slurry and the conditions that change the ratio of the slurry, how to determine reasonable parameters of the grouting process, how to identify the mostoptimal injection pressure and the principles of control; how to check the quality of grouting in a drill hole that the upper part of the inspection hole filling is empty; such as how to determine the length of lap.
In this paper, combining the engineering characteristics of curtain grouting under cut-off wall in the deep overburden, research suitable filling material、the corresponding optimal mixture ratio、and the grouting process; based on selected impervious materials, construction machinery, construction technologyand processes, change the ratio of slurry, filling pressures, flow control, slurry change, change the way and method of grouting to experiment, at last to inspect and analysis the effect of the grouting body.
Base on the experiment of grouting under the wall in river corridor (Stake 0 +146.00m～0+172.00m) of the seepage prevention of dam founda of Luding hydropower that control by Ltd of hydroelectricfoundation of China in the Dadu River in Sichuan Province.combine with the results of the seepage prevention that the Three Gorges one and second-phase cofferdam、Falls Hydropower Station in Sichuan Sichuan Yele hydropower、Xiabandi hydropower Project、reservoir of Nishan, comprehensive analysis the performance of construction and the effect of the curtain body. put forward with the formationimpervious impervious superior performance technology that adapted to the conditions of layer, as well as supporting the construction of technology and technology;
Comprehensive analysis the research results, proposed the economical and safe program of the seepage prevention of dam founda; proposed the method for determining the length of lap; proposed a grouting method under the cut-off wall; proposed the size ratio, grouting pressure, flow control, slurry conversion conditions, the end of the standard and methods of determining special circumstances; proposed a method to check the quality of grouting in a drill hole that the upper part of the inspection hole filling is empty.
引文
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[3]丛蔼森.地下连续墙的设计与施工[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社,2001
[4]H. H. Einstein, G. B. Baecher. Probabilistcand statistical methods in engineering,geology, specific methods and examples. PartⅠ, Exploration rock mechanics and engineering,1983,16(1):39-70
[5]J. A. Hudson, S. D. Preiest. Discontinuties and rock mass geometry. International journal of rock mechanics and mining sciences,1979,16(6):339-370
[6]B. Amadei and W. Z. Savage. An analytical solution for transient flow of bingham viscoplastic matericals in rock fractures.International journal of rock mechanics and mining sciences,2001,38(2):280-296
[7]Little John G S. Chemical grouting. Ground engineering,1985,12(2):20-27
[8]Wong H Y.Discussion on compacting grouting. ASCE, Journal of getechnical engineering,1974,100(GT5):556-559
[9]Yang M. J., Yue Z. Q., Lee P. K., L. G. Tham. Prediction of grout penetration in fractured rocks by numerical simulation. Canadian geotechnical journal,2002,39(6):1384-1394
[10]蒋晓明,苏晓燕,樊天龙.冶勒水电站坝基深覆盖层帷幕灌浆试验[J].四川水力发电,1998,17(2)：36-40
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[12]丁晓文,赵胜.三峡右岸一期土石围堰基础处理设计与施工[J].人民长江,1999.30(12)：16-17.
[13]熊进.二期围堰基础帷幕灌浆设计与实践[J].中国三峡建设,1999(7)：14-15.
[14]杜青,高峰,刘希成,等.墙幕连体防渗技术在尼山水库的实践[J].水利规划与设计,2007(2)：34-36.
[15]燕乔,王立彬,毕明亮,宋玉才,等.深厚覆盖层墙幕结合结合技术关键问题研究[J].人民长江,2009,40(16)
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