王窑铁矿地下水研究
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摘要
本文在详细分析百泉岩溶水系统基本特征的基础上,建立了较为符合实际的水文地质概念模型和数学模型,运用建立的数学模型计算了王窑铁矿不同中段的矿坑涌水量和区域地下水补给量,并对该矿疏干法开采不同中段的流场演变规律以及区域水环境的影响进行了深入研究,提出了合理开发铁矿床和保护地下水资源的对策。
研究成果表明:
1、百泉岩溶地下水系统为一完整的水文地质单元,总面积4043km~2。天然条件下,泉域地下水补给量为6.3m~3/s,上世纪70年代以后,由于水利工程的建设和降水量偏小的影响,地下水补给量呈减少趋势,1992～2007年地下水多年平均补给量为5.59m~3/s。随着岩溶地下水开采量的逐渐增大,特别是矿山排水量增大较多,地下水开采量大于地下水补给量,造成地下水位持续大幅度降低,泉域岩溶地下水环境遭受了严重破坏,并且恶化趋势仍在继续发展、扩大。
2、王窑铁矿处于泉域中部的强富水区,水文地质条件复杂、埋藏深度大、水量大,目前拟建开采,利用数学模型预测了王窑铁矿-170m水平、-230m水平矿坑涌水量,结果表明,王窑铁矿-170m水平、-230m水平矿坑涌水量分别为10.68～15.81×10~4m~3/d和11.85～17.42×10~4m~3/d,王窑铁矿疏干排水将对泉域地下水环境产生大的影响,王窑铁矿在-230m水平开采10年后,矿区附近地下水位将从目前的60m左右下降到-160m左右,邢台市区周围的地下水位将从目前的30m左右下降到-120m左右。
3、为了遏制地下水环境进一步加剧恶化,提出了合理开发王窑铁矿床和保护地下水资源的对策,王窑铁矿采取井下帷幕注浆堵水与充填采矿相结合的方法,实践证明该防治水方法技术可行,经济合理,效果明显,而且能有效地保护水文地质环境和地下水资源。
In this dissertation,on the base of detailed analysis of the basic features of Baiquan karst-water system,a more realistic hydro-geological conceptual model and mathematical models are established and the district domain groundwater recharge capacity is calculated.Furthermore,the groundwater environment in this region are evaluated,by application of the mathematical model,the different mine discharge of the different middle sections of Wangyao iron mine is calculated,the evolvement law of flow field when exploiting different middle sections by applying dewatering method is forecasted and its regional water environmental impact is analyzed,and moreover the strategies of rationally developing the iron mine and protecting groundwater resources are put forward.
Results of research indicate that:
1.Baiquan karst groundwater system is a complete hydro-geological units with a total area of 4043 km~2.Under natural conditions,the groundwater recharge capacity in spring region is 6.3 m~3 / s.Since the 1970s,due to the impact of the construction of water conservancy projects and small precipitation,groundwater recharge volume was on a trend of decreasing.From year 1992 to 2007,the average groundwater recharge capacity is 5.59 m~3 / s.With gradually increasing extraction of karst groundwater, especially the more increasing mine discharge,as the volume of groundwater exploitation became higher than that of groundwater recharge,a significant and constant reduction in the water table has taken place,as a result,the environment of karst groundwater in spring region suffered serious damages,what is more,the deterioration is getting worse.
2.Wangyao iron mine are located in the water-rich area of the middle Baiquan spring region,so its complex hydro-geological conditions with deeper burial depth and greater water volume,now it has been proposed to be exploited,The water yield of mine in the -170m-water level and the- 230m-water level of Wangyao Iron mine are calculated by application of the mathematical model,The results show that the water yield of mine in the 170m-water level and the -230m-water level of Wangyao Iron mine are 10.68×10~4m~3/d to 15.81×10~4m~3/d and 11.85×10~4m~3/d to 17.42×10~4m~3/d,If groundwater drained ten years in the -230m level of Wangyao Iron mine,the groundwater level near the mine would be droped from 60m to -160m around,and the groundwater level in Xingtai urban areas would be droped from 30m to - 120m around,so obvious effect on the spring-region groundwater environment by adopting dewatering method.
3.In order to curb further exacerbated deterioration of groundwater environment, the strategies on the rational exploitation of Wangyao iron mine and protection of groundwater resources are put forward,It is shown that the method of water-blocking with curtain grouting has to be adopted and this water-treating means is not only feasible in technology,reasonable in economics,but also effectively protects the hydrogeological environment and underground water resource.
研究成果表明:
1、百泉岩溶地下水系统为一完整的水文地质单元,总面积4043km~2。天然条件下,泉域地下水补给量为6.3m~3/s,上世纪70年代以后,由于水利工程的建设和降水量偏小的影响,地下水补给量呈减少趋势,1992～2007年地下水多年平均补给量为5.59m~3/s。随着岩溶地下水开采量的逐渐增大,特别是矿山排水量增大较多,地下水开采量大于地下水补给量,造成地下水位持续大幅度降低,泉域岩溶地下水环境遭受了严重破坏,并且恶化趋势仍在继续发展、扩大。
2、王窑铁矿处于泉域中部的强富水区,水文地质条件复杂、埋藏深度大、水量大,目前拟建开采,利用数学模型预测了王窑铁矿-170m水平、-230m水平矿坑涌水量,结果表明,王窑铁矿-170m水平、-230m水平矿坑涌水量分别为10.68～15.81×10~4m~3/d和11.85～17.42×10~4m~3/d,王窑铁矿疏干排水将对泉域地下水环境产生大的影响,王窑铁矿在-230m水平开采10年后,矿区附近地下水位将从目前的60m左右下降到-160m左右,邢台市区周围的地下水位将从目前的30m左右下降到-120m左右。
3、为了遏制地下水环境进一步加剧恶化,提出了合理开发王窑铁矿床和保护地下水资源的对策,王窑铁矿采取井下帷幕注浆堵水与充填采矿相结合的方法,实践证明该防治水方法技术可行,经济合理,效果明显,而且能有效地保护水文地质环境和地下水资源。
In this dissertation,on the base of detailed analysis of the basic features of Baiquan karst-water system,a more realistic hydro-geological conceptual model and mathematical models are established and the district domain groundwater recharge capacity is calculated.Furthermore,the groundwater environment in this region are evaluated,by application of the mathematical model,the different mine discharge of the different middle sections of Wangyao iron mine is calculated,the evolvement law of flow field when exploiting different middle sections by applying dewatering method is forecasted and its regional water environmental impact is analyzed,and moreover the strategies of rationally developing the iron mine and protecting groundwater resources are put forward.
Results of research indicate that:
1.Baiquan karst groundwater system is a complete hydro-geological units with a total area of 4043 km~2.Under natural conditions,the groundwater recharge capacity in spring region is 6.3 m~3 / s.Since the 1970s,due to the impact of the construction of water conservancy projects and small precipitation,groundwater recharge volume was on a trend of decreasing.From year 1992 to 2007,the average groundwater recharge capacity is 5.59 m~3 / s.With gradually increasing extraction of karst groundwater, especially the more increasing mine discharge,as the volume of groundwater exploitation became higher than that of groundwater recharge,a significant and constant reduction in the water table has taken place,as a result,the environment of karst groundwater in spring region suffered serious damages,what is more,the deterioration is getting worse.
2.Wangyao iron mine are located in the water-rich area of the middle Baiquan spring region,so its complex hydro-geological conditions with deeper burial depth and greater water volume,now it has been proposed to be exploited,The water yield of mine in the -170m-water level and the- 230m-water level of Wangyao Iron mine are calculated by application of the mathematical model,The results show that the water yield of mine in the 170m-water level and the -230m-water level of Wangyao Iron mine are 10.68×10~4m~3/d to 15.81×10~4m~3/d and 11.85×10~4m~3/d to 17.42×10~4m~3/d,If groundwater drained ten years in the -230m level of Wangyao Iron mine,the groundwater level near the mine would be droped from 60m to -160m around,and the groundwater level in Xingtai urban areas would be droped from 30m to - 120m around,so obvious effect on the spring-region groundwater environment by adopting dewatering method.
3.In order to curb further exacerbated deterioration of groundwater environment, the strategies on the rational exploitation of Wangyao iron mine and protection of groundwater resources are put forward,It is shown that the method of water-blocking with curtain grouting has to be adopted and this water-treating means is not only feasible in technology,reasonable in economics,but also effectively protects the hydrogeological environment and underground water resource.
引文
[1]邢台百泉岩溶水系统研究报告(R),华北有色工程勘察院,1989.
[2]铁矿田水文地质勘探报告(R),华北有色工程勘察院,1962-1970.
[3]五大铁矿联合疏干研究报告(R),华北有色工程勘察院,1978-1979.
[4]邯邢铁矿田治水勘探报告(R),华北有色工程勘察院,1978-1979.
[5]西石门铁矿供水水源地勘探报告(R),华北有色工程勘察院,1972-1974.
[6]河北省王窑铁矿水文地质勘探报告(R),河北省地质局第十二地质队,1970-1974.
[7]河北省邯邢基地区域水文地质勘察报告(R),河北省地质局水文工程地质大队,1978.
[8]邯邢铁矿田岩溶充水矿床矿山水文地质调查报告(R),河北地质学院、河北省地质局第十四地质队,1978.6.
[9]张人权,梁杏等.当代水文地质学发展趋势与对策[J].水文地质工程地质,2005,(1):50-56.
[10]孙枢,李晓波.我国资源与环境科学近期发展战略绉议[J].地球科学进展,2001,67(5):726-733.
[11]王大纯,张人权,史毅红等.水文地质学基础[M].北京,地质出版社,1995.
[12]陈梦熊.环境水文地质学的最新发展和今后趋向[J].地质科技管理,1995,(3):28-32.
[13]陈雨荪,边际.系统工程与地下水系统[J].工程勘察,1994,(1):26-31.
[14]陈梦熊,马凤山.中国地下水资源与环境[M].北京,地震出版社,2002:385-431.
[15]J.Boonstra,N.A.de Ridder.Numerical modeling of groundwater basins[M].ILRI Wageningen,The Netherlands.
[16]尹尚先.露天矿田疏干的边界元法模拟与管理[硕士学位论文][D].西安,煤炭科学研究总院西安分院,1988.
[17]武强,金玉洁.华北型煤田矿井防治水决策系统[M].煤炭工业出版社,1995.
[18]武强.评价煤层顶板涌(突)水条件的‘三图-双预测法'[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(1):60-66
[19]田开铭,陈铭佑.裂隙水偏流[M].北京,学苑出版社,1989.
[20]田开铭,万力.各向异性裂隙介质渗透性的研究与评价[M].北京,学苑出版社,1989.
[21]Bear J.Groundwater Hydraulics[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Inc.,1983.
[22]张有天.裂隙岩体渗流数学模型研究现状[R].北京,水利水电科学研究院结构材料所,1989.
[23]Snow D T.Rock fracture specings,openings,and porosities[J].J.Soil Mech.Found.Div.Proc.ASCE94,1968:73-79.
[24]Louis C.Groundwater flow in rock masses and its influence on stability[J].Rock Mech.Res.Report 10.Imperial college.UK,1969.
[25]Dershowitz W.S.&Einstein H.Characterizing rock joint geometry with jointSystem models[J].Rock Mech.and Rock Engrg.1988,Vol.21.
[26]Sakellariou M.Nakos B&Mitsakaki.On the fractal character of rock surface [J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.& Geomech.Abstr.1991,vol.28:527-533.
[27]Long JCSetal.Porous media equivalents for networks of discontinuousfractures[J].Water Resources Research,1982,18(3).
[28]王恩志.岩体裂隙网络系统渗流模型与应用研究[博士学位论文][D].西安,西安地质学院,1991.
[29]王恩志.裂隙网络地下水流数值模型及非连通裂隙网络水流的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1992,(1).
[30]毛昶熙.裂隙岩体渗流计算方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,1991,13(6):1-10
[31]赵阳升.矿山岩石流体力学[M].北京,煤炭工业出版社,1994.
[32]仵彦卿,张倬元.岩体水力学导论[M].成都,西南交通大学出版社,1995.
[33]仵彦卿.岩体水力学基础(一)—岩体水力学的基本问题[J].水文地质工程地质,1996,(6):24-28.
[34]柴军瑞,仵彦卿.岩体多重裂隙网络渗流模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,23(2):33-36.
[35]潘国营,武强.裂隙水运动理论与渗流模拟实践[M].武汉,中国地质大学出版社,2001.
[36]Barenblatt et al.Basic concepts in the theory of seepage of homogeneous liquids in fissured rocks[JJ.J.Appl.Math.Mech,Egl.Transl,1960,(5).
[37]Biot M A.General theory of three- dimensional consolidation[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1941,12:155- 164.
[38]Biot M A.The theory of elasticity and consolidation for a porous anisotropicsolid[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1954,1385- 1391.
[39]Hoyakorn P S et al.Finite element techniques for modeling ground water flowin fractured aquifers[J].Water Resources Reseach,1983,19(5).
[40]Tsang Y W,Tsang C F.Channel model offlow through fractured media[J].WaterResources Research,1987,(23)3.
[41]仵彦卿,张倬元.岩体系统渗流场与应力场耦合的广义双重介质模型的应用研究[J],工程地质学报,1996,09:40-46.
[42]谢和平.分形-岩石力学导论[M].北京,科学出版社,1996:291-358.
[43]谢和平,周宏伟.岩体断裂面渗流特性的分形研究[J].煤炭学报,1998,23(6):585-589.
[44]赵阳升,马宇,段康廉.岩层裂缝分形分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):219-222.
[45]陈梦熊,马凤山.矿山防治水技术现状及发展趋势[J].采矿技术,2001,(6):20-22.
[46]高建军,祝瑞勤,徐大宽.岩溶充水矿床帷幕注浆堵水技术研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2007,(5):123-127.
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[2]铁矿田水文地质勘探报告(R),华北有色工程勘察院,1962-1970.
[3]五大铁矿联合疏干研究报告(R),华北有色工程勘察院,1978-1979.
[4]邯邢铁矿田治水勘探报告(R),华北有色工程勘察院,1978-1979.
[5]西石门铁矿供水水源地勘探报告(R),华北有色工程勘察院,1972-1974.
[6]河北省王窑铁矿水文地质勘探报告(R),河北省地质局第十二地质队,1970-1974.
[7]河北省邯邢基地区域水文地质勘察报告(R),河北省地质局水文工程地质大队,1978.
[8]邯邢铁矿田岩溶充水矿床矿山水文地质调查报告(R),河北地质学院、河北省地质局第十四地质队,1978.6.
[9]张人权,梁杏等.当代水文地质学发展趋势与对策[J].水文地质工程地质,2005,(1):50-56.
[10]孙枢,李晓波.我国资源与环境科学近期发展战略绉议[J].地球科学进展,2001,67(5):726-733.
[11]王大纯,张人权,史毅红等.水文地质学基础[M].北京,地质出版社,1995.
[12]陈梦熊.环境水文地质学的最新发展和今后趋向[J].地质科技管理,1995,(3):28-32.
[13]陈雨荪,边际.系统工程与地下水系统[J].工程勘察,1994,(1):26-31.
[14]陈梦熊,马凤山.中国地下水资源与环境[M].北京,地震出版社,2002:385-431.
[15]J.Boonstra,N.A.de Ridder.Numerical modeling of groundwater basins[M].ILRI Wageningen,The Netherlands.
[16]尹尚先.露天矿田疏干的边界元法模拟与管理[硕士学位论文][D].西安,煤炭科学研究总院西安分院,1988.
[17]武强,金玉洁.华北型煤田矿井防治水决策系统[M].煤炭工业出版社,1995.
[18]武强.评价煤层顶板涌(突)水条件的‘三图-双预测法'[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(1):60-66
[19]田开铭,陈铭佑.裂隙水偏流[M].北京,学苑出版社,1989.
[20]田开铭,万力.各向异性裂隙介质渗透性的研究与评价[M].北京,学苑出版社,1989.
[21]Bear J.Groundwater Hydraulics[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Inc.,1983.
[22]张有天.裂隙岩体渗流数学模型研究现状[R].北京,水利水电科学研究院结构材料所,1989.
[23]Snow D T.Rock fracture specings,openings,and porosities[J].J.Soil Mech.Found.Div.Proc.ASCE94,1968:73-79.
[24]Louis C.Groundwater flow in rock masses and its influence on stability[J].Rock Mech.Res.Report 10.Imperial college.UK,1969.
[25]Dershowitz W.S.&Einstein H.Characterizing rock joint geometry with jointSystem models[J].Rock Mech.and Rock Engrg.1988,Vol.21.
[26]Sakellariou M.Nakos B&Mitsakaki.On the fractal character of rock surface [J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.& Geomech.Abstr.1991,vol.28:527-533.
[27]Long JCSetal.Porous media equivalents for networks of discontinuousfractures[J].Water Resources Research,1982,18(3).
[28]王恩志.岩体裂隙网络系统渗流模型与应用研究[博士学位论文][D].西安,西安地质学院,1991.
[29]王恩志.裂隙网络地下水流数值模型及非连通裂隙网络水流的研究[J].水文地质工程地质,1992,(1).
[30]毛昶熙.裂隙岩体渗流计算方法研究[J].岩土工程学报,1991,13(6):1-10
[31]赵阳升.矿山岩石流体力学[M].北京,煤炭工业出版社,1994.
[32]仵彦卿,张倬元.岩体水力学导论[M].成都,西南交通大学出版社,1995.
[33]仵彦卿.岩体水力学基础(一)—岩体水力学的基本问题[J].水文地质工程地质,1996,(6):24-28.
[34]柴军瑞,仵彦卿.岩体多重裂隙网络渗流模型研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,23(2):33-36.
[35]潘国营,武强.裂隙水运动理论与渗流模拟实践[M].武汉,中国地质大学出版社,2001.
[36]Barenblatt et al.Basic concepts in the theory of seepage of homogeneous liquids in fissured rocks[JJ.J.Appl.Math.Mech,Egl.Transl,1960,(5).
[37]Biot M A.General theory of three- dimensional consolidation[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1941,12:155- 164.
[38]Biot M A.The theory of elasticity and consolidation for a porous anisotropicsolid[J].J.Appl.Phys.,1954,1385- 1391.
[39]Hoyakorn P S et al.Finite element techniques for modeling ground water flowin fractured aquifers[J].Water Resources Reseach,1983,19(5).
[40]Tsang Y W,Tsang C F.Channel model offlow through fractured media[J].WaterResources Research,1987,(23)3.
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