公路裸洞隧道渗漏水形成机理及防治措施研究
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摘要
在公路建设初期,由于部分公路建设的资金少、周期短,导致许多公路隧道在建成时没有及时进行支护,形成了“无衬砌隧道”,或称为“裸洞隧道”。部分公路裸洞隧道建成多年后,由于没有衬砌的保护,随着时间的推移,在地质地形条件、气候条件和设计、施工、运营过程中的各种因素影响下,在长期的使用过程中出现了各种各样不同程度的病害。据重庆市公路局统计资料表明,重庆市国省道线上隧道175座,共97415m,国道115座,共71755.7m;省道60座,共25659.3m。危隧有51座,国道上45座,省道上6座,共长14408m,长度占重庆市国省道全部隧道(97415m)的14.79%。在这51座危隧中有43座隧道为裸洞。这些危隧病害主要表现为:一,围岩在长期应力集中及风化作用下,松动、掉块,甚至变形;二,隧道内出现滴水、渗水或是大面积浸润等水害;三,隧道内由于排水系统不畅等等原因,导致隧道内路面破损严重。其中又以水害最为普遍和严重。因此研究公路裸洞隧道水害的机理以及防治措施是很有必要的。
本文主要选取了国道319线上渗漏水水害比较严重的大溪河隧道和白马隧道为研究对象,对白马隧道和大溪河隧道进行了现场踏勘,总结了公路裸洞隧道渗漏水病害的主要形式,分析了其对运营隧道的影响,并采用了大气降雨入渗法、地下径流模数法和地下径流系数法计算了白马隧道的日渗漏水量。
对研究区域内的地质构造、地貌、地层岩性以及气候水文地质四方面分析了公路裸洞隧道渗漏水水害的形成机理。
采用FLAC软件模拟了不同水位线下地下水对裸洞隧道围岩的位移、应力、水压力及塑性区等力学特性的影响。
针对国道319线上公路裸洞隧道渗漏水的主要形式,结合衬砌隧道治理措施,制定了公路裸洞隧道治理措施和防排水措施。结合国内最新的治理材料,分类制定了国道319线上裸洞隧道的治理方案。
In the early highway construction, as lacking funds and short period ,resulting in many highway tunnels built without timely support, formed a " unlined tunnel", or "bare hole tunnel." As part of the highway tunnel has been built for many years without lining, and no lining protection, over time, due to geologic, climatic conditions and the design, construction and operation of various factors, during the tunnel process in the long-term use appears in a variety of different levels of disease. According to Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Transportation statistics show that the quantity of tunnels on Chongqing national and provincial line is 175, a total of 97415m,State Road 115, a total of 71755.7m; Provincial Highway 60, a total of 25659.3m. Thereinto crisis tunnel is 51, on the national highway 45, on the provincial highway 8, a total of 14408m,which is 14.79% length of all the national and provincial Chongqing tunnel (97415m) .In this 51 crisis tunnel,there are 43 bare hole tunnel. The crisis tunnel disease mainly performance as follows: 1, rock start loose, blocked, and even deformation in the long term effect of stress concentration and weathering,; 2, there are dripping, water seepage and a large area of infiltration in the tunnel; 3, As the poor drainage system and other reasons in the tunnel, result in a badly damaged of the pavement. Among them, the most common and serious disease is water damage .So researching the mechanism of water damage of unlined tunnel and how to control it is very necessary.
This article selects the White Horse tunnel and Great River tunnel as the objects of study ,whose leakage water is more serious than other tunnels on the national highway 319. With a field investigation of the White Horse tunnel and Great River tunnel, we sum up the the main forms of leakage water and analyze the influence of leakage water doing with the operating unlined tunnel . Adopt rainfall infiltration method, ground runoff modulus method and underground runoff coefficient method to calculate the quantity of seepage water of the White Horse tunnel.
From the geological structure , geomorphology, lithology and hydrogeological four aspects ,the thesis analysis the formation mechanism of the leakage water of bare hole tunnel .
Adopt the FLAC software to simulate the influnce of the underground under a different level to the surrounding of bare role tunnel on displacement, stress, the water pressure and plastic zone and other mechanical properties.
For the main forms of the leakage water of bare role tunnels on State Highway 319 ,combined with control measure of lining tunnel, developed a set of waterproof and drainage measure of bare role tunnels . Combined the special situation of State Road 319 and the latest controling leakage water material, and according to the different types of surrounding rock, the thesis set down the prebentive and control measures of bare role tunnel on the State Road 319 .
本文主要选取了国道319线上渗漏水水害比较严重的大溪河隧道和白马隧道为研究对象,对白马隧道和大溪河隧道进行了现场踏勘,总结了公路裸洞隧道渗漏水病害的主要形式,分析了其对运营隧道的影响,并采用了大气降雨入渗法、地下径流模数法和地下径流系数法计算了白马隧道的日渗漏水量。
对研究区域内的地质构造、地貌、地层岩性以及气候水文地质四方面分析了公路裸洞隧道渗漏水水害的形成机理。
采用FLAC软件模拟了不同水位线下地下水对裸洞隧道围岩的位移、应力、水压力及塑性区等力学特性的影响。
针对国道319线上公路裸洞隧道渗漏水的主要形式,结合衬砌隧道治理措施,制定了公路裸洞隧道治理措施和防排水措施。结合国内最新的治理材料,分类制定了国道319线上裸洞隧道的治理方案。
In the early highway construction, as lacking funds and short period ,resulting in many highway tunnels built without timely support, formed a " unlined tunnel", or "bare hole tunnel." As part of the highway tunnel has been built for many years without lining, and no lining protection, over time, due to geologic, climatic conditions and the design, construction and operation of various factors, during the tunnel process in the long-term use appears in a variety of different levels of disease. According to Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Transportation statistics show that the quantity of tunnels on Chongqing national and provincial line is 175, a total of 97415m,State Road 115, a total of 71755.7m; Provincial Highway 60, a total of 25659.3m. Thereinto crisis tunnel is 51, on the national highway 45, on the provincial highway 8, a total of 14408m,which is 14.79% length of all the national and provincial Chongqing tunnel (97415m) .In this 51 crisis tunnel,there are 43 bare hole tunnel. The crisis tunnel disease mainly performance as follows: 1, rock start loose, blocked, and even deformation in the long term effect of stress concentration and weathering,; 2, there are dripping, water seepage and a large area of infiltration in the tunnel; 3, As the poor drainage system and other reasons in the tunnel, result in a badly damaged of the pavement. Among them, the most common and serious disease is water damage .So researching the mechanism of water damage of unlined tunnel and how to control it is very necessary.
This article selects the White Horse tunnel and Great River tunnel as the objects of study ,whose leakage water is more serious than other tunnels on the national highway 319. With a field investigation of the White Horse tunnel and Great River tunnel, we sum up the the main forms of leakage water and analyze the influence of leakage water doing with the operating unlined tunnel . Adopt rainfall infiltration method, ground runoff modulus method and underground runoff coefficient method to calculate the quantity of seepage water of the White Horse tunnel.
From the geological structure , geomorphology, lithology and hydrogeological four aspects ,the thesis analysis the formation mechanism of the leakage water of bare hole tunnel .
Adopt the FLAC software to simulate the influnce of the underground under a different level to the surrounding of bare role tunnel on displacement, stress, the water pressure and plastic zone and other mechanical properties.
For the main forms of the leakage water of bare role tunnels on State Highway 319 ,combined with control measure of lining tunnel, developed a set of waterproof and drainage measure of bare role tunnels . Combined the special situation of State Road 319 and the latest controling leakage water material, and according to the different types of surrounding rock, the thesis set down the prebentive and control measures of bare role tunnel on the State Road 319 .
引文
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[3]叶耀东,朱合华,王如路.软土地铁运营隧道病害现状及成因分析[J].地下空间与工程学报. 2007,3(1): 157-166.
[4]漆继红,侯昭路,贾疏源,王能峰.金鸡关隧道渗水变形特征研究及其治理[J].防灾减灾工程学报.2005,25(2):222-226.
[5]刘丹.黄土地区公路隧道渗漏水分析[J].路基工程.2007,(3):16-17.
[6]李亮辉.裂隙岩体隧道渗流场分析与防排水技术研究[D].湖南:长沙理工大学. 2007.4.
[7]易善华.城市电缆隧道渗水分析及防水措施[J].工程设计与建设. 2003, 35(5):14-16.
[8]刘文剑.裂隙水对越岭隧道的影响及综合防治技术研究[D].湖南:中南大学. 2005.5.
[9]苏生瑞,朱合华,李国峰.连拱隧道衬砌病害及其处治[J].岩石力学与工程学报. 2003,22(Z1):2510-2515.
[10]李武,朱合华.连拱隧道典型裂缝、渗漏水病害调查与分析研究[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版).2006,26(2):20-25.
[11]贾素贞,刘仕田,张永红.襄十高速公路徐家湾隧道水害整治[J].山西建筑.2003,29(5):230-231.
[12]张宇旭.隧道工程常见病害的危害及成因分析[J].国外建材科技. 2008,29(1): 69-72.
[13]刘会迎.公路隧道病害成因机理及防治措施研究[D].成都:西南交通大学. 2007.5.
[14]方梁正.公路隧道渗漏与冻害防治研究[D].西安:长安大学. 2001.5.
[15]徐煜亮.新奥法隧道施工中的衬砌与水害治理[J].工程技术.2006,(14):58.
[16]陈鸿楷,方振华.用喷射钢纤维混凝土加固运营隧道裂损衬砌[J].铁道建筑.1991,(3): 1-3..
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[18]毛新,曾晓华,何艳波.小金口隧道漏水分析及处理方案[C] //中国公路学会隧道工程分会,山西省交通厅编.2003年全国公路隧道学术会议.北京:人民交通出版社,2003:445-449.
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[20]何忠明,彭振斌,陈乐求,吴启红.运营隧道水害整治施工技术[J].勘察科学技术.2005,(5):41-43.
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