雅泸高速公路泥巴山隧道及断层涌突水预测研究
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摘要
隧道作为地下线性建筑物,修建过程中不可避免地穿越不同水文地质体。涌水是隧道施工中常见的地质灾害,同时也是其它地质灾害的主要诱因之一,其会造成开挖时的突水、突泥、翻浆冒泥等等,后果严重,危害巨大,故对隧道工程的地下水涌水量预测研究具有重大意义。
本文以雅安至泸沽高速公路大相岭泥巴山隧道为研究对象,以地质分析原理及水文地质分析原理为基础,运用工程地质、水文地质、数值模拟等理论和方法,深入研究了隧址区区域地质环境特征和水文地质环境特征,并预测了隧道及断层涌水量。通过研究,本文主要得到了以下几个方面的结论:
1、通过现场勘察和资料收集,隧址区地处四川盆地亚热带季风湿润气候与青藏高原大陆性干冷气候,雨量充沛,为隧道涌水提供了充分条件。隧址区共有16条断层发育,断层裂隙发育,为隧址区内地下水赋存提供了有利条件。
2、通过对隧址区的水文地质结构特征及地下水类型分析表明,构造裂隙带为主要的含水体,完整的火山岩段为主要隔水体;隧址区地下水类型主要有第四系松散岩类孔隙水、裂隙水和碳酸盐岩岩溶裂隙水。裂隙水是隧道涌水的主要源头,主要赋存于隧址区的断层和破碎带中。
3、通过采用大气降水入渗法、地下水径流模数法及地下水动力学法对泥巴山隧道涌水量理论计算预测结果的分析表明,隧道最大涌水量介于29000～38000m~3/d,正常涌水量介于21500～25000m~3/d。
4、通过采用3D-FLOW数值软件对大相岭泥巴山隧道涌水量进行了模拟计算,并对不同模拟状态下隧道的整体涌水量、断层涌水量进行了分析。隧道整体涌水量为21383～41366m~3/d之间,并推测在隧道的主要断层发育处,隧道极易发生涌水的可能。因此在这有断层的区段施工时需注意加以防范,提前采取措施。
As a kind of underground lineament building, the tunnel inevitably will pass through different hydrology geology in construction process. Waterinflow is a common geological disaster and the main inducement cause of other geological disasters.it will cause percolating water, emerge flooding ,inrush putty and other disasters in tunnel excavation. The consequence of tunnel disaster is serious,so it is significant of estimating on the waterinflow amount of the tunnel project.
Based on the geological analysis principle and the hydrological geology analysis principle, the thesis apply the engineering geology, hydrological geology and numerical simulation theories and measures to the study of the Niba mountain tunnel of YAAN-LUGU highway,and forecast the waterinflow amount of the tunnel and fault.In the course of studying,the thesis draws some conclusions:
1.Through on-site investigation and data-collected,the tunnel locates in Sichuan basin subtropical monsoon climate and the qinghai-tibet plateau continental dry climate. The abundant precipitation provide sufficient condition for the water-gushing in the tunnel. There is 16 faults in the tunnel zone,so it is the favorable condition for the existence of groundwater in the tunnel zone by the fracture,which grow in the faults.
2.By analysis of the hydrological geology structural features and groundwater types in the tunnel zone,it indicates that the structral fracture zone is the main hydrous body,the intact lava segment is the main water-proof body; the groundwater types are mainly constituted by Q_4 loose rock fissure water, fissure water and carbonatite karst fissure water. Fissure water is the main source of waterinflow in the tunnel,it mainly exists in the fault and fractured area.
3.The theoretical calculation of the Niba mountain tunnel waterinflow amount is calculated by atmospheric precipitation infiltration method, groundwater runoff module method and groundwater dynanmics method,.the result indicates that the maximum waterinflow amount of the tunnel is between 29000 to 38000m~3/d,the normal waterinflow amount is between 21500 to 25000m~3/d.
4.The waterinflow amount of the Niba mountain tunnel is computed simulativily by using 3D-FLOW numerical software, and then we analyse the waterinflow amount of the whole tunnel and fractures under the different simulated conditions. The waterinflow amount of the whole tunnel 21383～41366m~3/d.we speculate,it is possible to occur the wateburst accident in the main fault of the tunnel ,we should take measures to prevent water-gushing in advance when we work in the fractured zone.
本文以雅安至泸沽高速公路大相岭泥巴山隧道为研究对象,以地质分析原理及水文地质分析原理为基础,运用工程地质、水文地质、数值模拟等理论和方法,深入研究了隧址区区域地质环境特征和水文地质环境特征,并预测了隧道及断层涌水量。通过研究,本文主要得到了以下几个方面的结论:
1、通过现场勘察和资料收集,隧址区地处四川盆地亚热带季风湿润气候与青藏高原大陆性干冷气候,雨量充沛,为隧道涌水提供了充分条件。隧址区共有16条断层发育,断层裂隙发育,为隧址区内地下水赋存提供了有利条件。
2、通过对隧址区的水文地质结构特征及地下水类型分析表明,构造裂隙带为主要的含水体,完整的火山岩段为主要隔水体;隧址区地下水类型主要有第四系松散岩类孔隙水、裂隙水和碳酸盐岩岩溶裂隙水。裂隙水是隧道涌水的主要源头,主要赋存于隧址区的断层和破碎带中。
3、通过采用大气降水入渗法、地下水径流模数法及地下水动力学法对泥巴山隧道涌水量理论计算预测结果的分析表明,隧道最大涌水量介于29000～38000m~3/d,正常涌水量介于21500～25000m~3/d。
4、通过采用3D-FLOW数值软件对大相岭泥巴山隧道涌水量进行了模拟计算,并对不同模拟状态下隧道的整体涌水量、断层涌水量进行了分析。隧道整体涌水量为21383～41366m~3/d之间,并推测在隧道的主要断层发育处,隧道极易发生涌水的可能。因此在这有断层的区段施工时需注意加以防范,提前采取措施。
As a kind of underground lineament building, the tunnel inevitably will pass through different hydrology geology in construction process. Waterinflow is a common geological disaster and the main inducement cause of other geological disasters.it will cause percolating water, emerge flooding ,inrush putty and other disasters in tunnel excavation. The consequence of tunnel disaster is serious,so it is significant of estimating on the waterinflow amount of the tunnel project.
Based on the geological analysis principle and the hydrological geology analysis principle, the thesis apply the engineering geology, hydrological geology and numerical simulation theories and measures to the study of the Niba mountain tunnel of YAAN-LUGU highway,and forecast the waterinflow amount of the tunnel and fault.In the course of studying,the thesis draws some conclusions:
1.Through on-site investigation and data-collected,the tunnel locates in Sichuan basin subtropical monsoon climate and the qinghai-tibet plateau continental dry climate. The abundant precipitation provide sufficient condition for the water-gushing in the tunnel. There is 16 faults in the tunnel zone,so it is the favorable condition for the existence of groundwater in the tunnel zone by the fracture,which grow in the faults.
2.By analysis of the hydrological geology structural features and groundwater types in the tunnel zone,it indicates that the structral fracture zone is the main hydrous body,the intact lava segment is the main water-proof body; the groundwater types are mainly constituted by Q_4 loose rock fissure water, fissure water and carbonatite karst fissure water. Fissure water is the main source of waterinflow in the tunnel,it mainly exists in the fault and fractured area.
3.The theoretical calculation of the Niba mountain tunnel waterinflow amount is calculated by atmospheric precipitation infiltration method, groundwater runoff module method and groundwater dynanmics method,.the result indicates that the maximum waterinflow amount of the tunnel is between 29000 to 38000m~3/d,the normal waterinflow amount is between 21500 to 25000m~3/d.
4.The waterinflow amount of the Niba mountain tunnel is computed simulativily by using 3D-FLOW numerical software, and then we analyse the waterinflow amount of the whole tunnel and fractures under the different simulated conditions. The waterinflow amount of the whole tunnel 21383～41366m~3/d.we speculate,it is possible to occur the wateburst accident in the main fault of the tunnel ,we should take measures to prevent water-gushing in advance when we work in the fractured zone.
引文
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[2]徐济川.大瑶山隧道的突泥涌水机制[J].世界隧道,1998.6.
[3]唐承石.我国铁路隧道水害概况[J].隧道工程,1984.4.
[4]何发亮,陈成宗,牟瑞芳.岩溶地区铁路长隧道涌水涌泥沙及地表塌陷灾害规律的研究.第三届全国工程地质学术研讨会论文集,1995.8.
[5]Ohshima,Hiroshi.Hydrogeological study of water inflow and associated changes of water balance caused by tunnel excavation[J].Quarterly Reports — Railway Technical Research Institute(Japan),v25,n1,1984,p25-32.
[6]铁四院总编写组.大瑶山隧道设计总结.1992.
[7]蒙彦,雷明堂.岩溶区隧道涌水研究现状及建议[J].中国岩溶.2003.12.
[8]王建秀等.隧道涌水量的预测及其工程运用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004.4.
[9]肖明.4万亿“火车头”计划虚实线[N].21世纪经济报道,2008.11.11.
[10]刘丹.铁路隧道涌水研究的发展趋势[J].铁道工程学报,1998增刊.
[11]徐则民,杨立中.深埋隧道围岩渗透性的预测研究—现状与进展[J].铁道工程学报.1999.3.
[12]Muskat.The flow of homogeneous fluids through porous media[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1937:158-160.
[13]Anon.Recommendations for the treatment of water inflows and outflows in operated underground structures[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,v4,n3,1989,p343-407.
[14]张宏仁等编译.地下水水力学的发展[M].地质出版社.1992.
[15]Renard,Philippe.Approximate discharge for constant head test with recharging boundary.Ground Water,v43,n3,May/June,2005,p439-442.
[16]Klute,A.(ed.).Methods of Soil Analysis.Part 1.Physical and Mineralogical Methods.Madison,WI:American Society of Agronomy Publishing,1986.
[17]Vincent,Scan D.Williams,Roy E.Bloomsburg,George L.Groundwater flow patterns in the vicinity of underground openings in unsaturated rock[J].Journal of Hydrology,v 127,n 1-4,Oct,1991,p1-21.
[18]Molinero,Samper,Javier.Numerical modeling of the transient hydrogeological response produced by tunnel construction in fractured bedrocks.Engineering Geology,v64,n4,June,2002,p369-386.
[19]Meiri,David.Unconfined groundwater flow calculation into a tunnel[J].Journal of Hydrology,v82,n 1-2,Nov30,1985,p69-75.
[20]Heuer,Ronald E.Estimating rock tunnel water inflow[J].Proceedings — Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference,1995,p41-60.
[21]薛禹群,谢春红.水文地质学的数值法.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1979.
[22]孙纳正.地下水流的数学模型和数值方法.北京:地质出版社,1981.
[23]李俊亭主编.地下水流数值模拟.北京:地质出版社,1989
[24]仵彦卿.地下水与地质灾害[J].地下空间,1999,19(4):304-316.
[25]黄涛.渗流场与应力场耦合环境下裂隙围岩型隧道涌水量预测的研究[D].西南交通大学博士学位论文.1997.
[26]王嫒,徐志英,速宝玉.复杂裂隙岩体渗流与应力弹塑性全耦合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):177-181.
[27]朱大力,李秋枫.预测隧道涌水量的方法[J].工程勘察.2000.4.
[28]郑黎明.隧道涌水灾害预测的随机性数学模型方法[J].西南交通大学学报.1998.33(3):273-278.
[29]基尔哈等著,李俊,李俊亭译.地下水系统的随机模拟[M].北京:地质出版社,1984.
[30]邓聚龙.灰色系统理论[M].武汉:华中工学院出版社.1986.
[31]邓聚龙.灰色预测与决策[M].武汉:华中工学院出版社.1985.
[32]张永强.南昆铁路隧道修建中坍塌变形与山体灾害的关系及主要对策[J].铁道工程学报,1998.9(3):104-107.
[33]段贵安,张勇.华蓥山隧道涌突水、涌泥、涌砂原因分析及综合整治措施[J].华蓥山隧道施工技术专栏,2001,37-39.
[34]许增荣.“构造深度”及其山区基岩裂隙水的关系[J].科技交流,2000,82-87.
[35]王海滨,仇文革.山岭隧道地下水规律及防治方法[D],西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2002.
[36]聂志宏等.用经验公式计算隧道涌水量[J].铁路标准设计.2003.12:289-292.
[37]梁明贵.大瑶山隧道涌水量的控制[J].世界隧道.1998.6.
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