傍河区地下水氨氮污染修复的PRB技术研究及工程有效性分析
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摘要
傍河水源地是我国北方地区重要的供水水源，其氨氮污染问题因人类活动及地表水污染影响而日益凸显。作为一种有效的地下水污染修复技术，渗透反应格栅（Permeable Reactive Barrier, PRB）以其无动力运行、环境影响小和维护成本低的特点得到越来越广泛的关注。然而，傍河区含水层高渗透性、氧化还原条件复杂的特点使得PRB的应用受到限制。本文针对傍河区地下水氨氮污染问题，研发了复合介质渗透反应格栅修复技术，实现对傍河区地下水氨氮污染的有效去除，并进行了示范工程应用。论文取得以下研究成果：
（1）针对傍河水源区含水层渗透性大的特点，本文开发了以吸附性高、颗粒粒径大、渗透性强的沸石作为PRB的反应介质，解决了傍河水源区PRB截获地下水流宽度小、反应滞留时间短的问题。研究区受污染含水层渗透系数K=60-80m/d，本文筛选的沸石粒径3-5mm，渗透系数K=700-800m/d，且对氨氮具有“快速吸附，缓慢平衡”特征，对氨氮最大饱和吸附量可达9.30mg/g。
（2）针对研究区地下水中不利于氨氮硝化反应的还原性环境问题，本文开发了以释氧材料和沸石为主的复合介质渗透反应格栅技术，通过改变地下水氧化还原环境，有效促进了氨氮的硝化反应。实验表明，以释氧材料和沸石作为PRB复合反应介质能够有效去除地下水中的氨氮；在氨氮浓度为10mg/L条件下，出水浓度小于0.5mg/L，去除率能够达到90%以上。相对于单纯以河砂或沸石为介质的PRB，释氧材料释放氧气促进微生物对氨氮的转化，实现了沸石再生，避免了氨氮解吸导致的二次污染。
（3）针对沈阳李官堡傍河水源区氨氮污染问题，本研究构建了地下水氨氮污染复合介质渗透反应格栅修复示范工程。监测数据表明PRB示范工程运行良好，地下水中氨氮浓度从2-10mg/L降至0.5mg/L以下，达到了氨氮的生活饮用水卫生标准。
本文开发的PRB，具有受含水层渗透性及氧化还原环境限制小的特点，能有效去除了傍河区地下水的氨氮污染，并成功地进行了技术示范，极大地拓展了PRB的适用范围，对于我国地下水污染修复技术的研究与应用具有重要推动作用。
Riverside source fields are important for water supply in northern China, wherethe ammonia pollution problems caused by human activity and surface waterpollution have become increasingly serious. As an effective groundwater pollutionremediation technology, Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) is getting more and moreattention for its non-power operation, less environmental impact and low maintenancefeatures. However, it is difficult for the PRB's application in riverside areacharacterized by high permeability, complex redox conditions. For the riversidegroundwater contanminated by ammonia, we have developed a composite mediumPermeable Reactive Barrier remediation techniques, to achieve effective removal ofammonia nitrogen in groundwater near the river. The technology has been appliedsuccessfully in a demonstration project. Main research results of this paper aredescribed in detail as following:
(1) For the high permeability characteristics of unconfined aquifer of riversidewater source area, we have developed a zeolite with high adsorption capacity, largeparticle size, high permeability as the reaction medium of the PRB, to solve theproblem of less intercept width of groundwater flow and shorter residence time ofcontaminant in the riverside PRB. The permeability coefficient (K) of contaminatedaquifer in the study area is60-80m/d. The zeolite particles screened in the study are3-5mm diameter, and with permeability of700-800m/d, which adsorb ammonia withthe "rapid adsorption, slow equilibrium" characteristic. The maximum amount ofsaturated ammonia adsorption is up to9.30mg/g.
(2) For reduction environmental of groundwater in the study area is notconducive to ammonia nitrification, we have has developed a Permeable ReactiveBarrier technology with release oxygen compound and zeolite as its compositemedium, which can effectively promote the nitrification of ammonia by changing thegroundwater redox environment. Experiments showed that the PRB with the oxygenrelease compound and zeolite materials as reaction medium can effectively removeammonia, with a decrease from10mg/L for influent concentrations to less than0.5 mg/L for effluent concentrations of. The removal efficency can reach90%. Relative tothe only river sand or zeolite as the medium, oxygen release compound can promotethe microbial reaction of ammonia by releasing oxygen, realize the regeneration ofzeolite, and avoid the secondary pollution caused by the desorption of ammonia.
(3) The study constructed a Permeable Reactive Barrier remediationdemonstration project with composite medium to resolve the problem of groundwatercontaminated by ammonia in Liguanpu water source in Shenyang. Monitoring datashow that PRB demonstration project along River worked well. The ammoniaconcentration in groundwater can be decreased from2-10mg/L to0.5mg/L or less,meeting the "Sanitary standard for drinking water".
The PRB developed in this paper, less affected by permeability of aquifer andredox environmental of groundwater, can effectively removes ammoniacontamination of groundwater near the river. The successful demonstration projectexpands the range of application of PRB technology, which will greatly promote theresearch and application of groundwater remediation technologies in China.
（1）针对傍河水源区含水层渗透性大的特点，本文开发了以吸附性高、颗粒粒径大、渗透性强的沸石作为PRB的反应介质，解决了傍河水源区PRB截获地下水流宽度小、反应滞留时间短的问题。研究区受污染含水层渗透系数K=60-80m/d，本文筛选的沸石粒径3-5mm，渗透系数K=700-800m/d，且对氨氮具有“快速吸附，缓慢平衡”特征，对氨氮最大饱和吸附量可达9.30mg/g。
（2）针对研究区地下水中不利于氨氮硝化反应的还原性环境问题，本文开发了以释氧材料和沸石为主的复合介质渗透反应格栅技术，通过改变地下水氧化还原环境，有效促进了氨氮的硝化反应。实验表明，以释氧材料和沸石作为PRB复合反应介质能够有效去除地下水中的氨氮；在氨氮浓度为10mg/L条件下，出水浓度小于0.5mg/L，去除率能够达到90%以上。相对于单纯以河砂或沸石为介质的PRB，释氧材料释放氧气促进微生物对氨氮的转化，实现了沸石再生，避免了氨氮解吸导致的二次污染。
（3）针对沈阳李官堡傍河水源区氨氮污染问题，本研究构建了地下水氨氮污染复合介质渗透反应格栅修复示范工程。监测数据表明PRB示范工程运行良好，地下水中氨氮浓度从2-10mg/L降至0.5mg/L以下，达到了氨氮的生活饮用水卫生标准。
本文开发的PRB，具有受含水层渗透性及氧化还原环境限制小的特点，能有效去除了傍河区地下水的氨氮污染，并成功地进行了技术示范，极大地拓展了PRB的适用范围，对于我国地下水污染修复技术的研究与应用具有重要推动作用。
Riverside source fields are important for water supply in northern China, wherethe ammonia pollution problems caused by human activity and surface waterpollution have become increasingly serious. As an effective groundwater pollutionremediation technology, Permeable Reactive Barrier (PRB) is getting more and moreattention for its non-power operation, less environmental impact and low maintenancefeatures. However, it is difficult for the PRB's application in riverside areacharacterized by high permeability, complex redox conditions. For the riversidegroundwater contanminated by ammonia, we have developed a composite mediumPermeable Reactive Barrier remediation techniques, to achieve effective removal ofammonia nitrogen in groundwater near the river. The technology has been appliedsuccessfully in a demonstration project. Main research results of this paper aredescribed in detail as following:
(1) For the high permeability characteristics of unconfined aquifer of riversidewater source area, we have developed a zeolite with high adsorption capacity, largeparticle size, high permeability as the reaction medium of the PRB, to solve theproblem of less intercept width of groundwater flow and shorter residence time ofcontaminant in the riverside PRB. The permeability coefficient (K) of contaminatedaquifer in the study area is60-80m/d. The zeolite particles screened in the study are3-5mm diameter, and with permeability of700-800m/d, which adsorb ammonia withthe "rapid adsorption, slow equilibrium" characteristic. The maximum amount ofsaturated ammonia adsorption is up to9.30mg/g.
(2) For reduction environmental of groundwater in the study area is notconducive to ammonia nitrification, we have has developed a Permeable ReactiveBarrier technology with release oxygen compound and zeolite as its compositemedium, which can effectively promote the nitrification of ammonia by changing thegroundwater redox environment. Experiments showed that the PRB with the oxygenrelease compound and zeolite materials as reaction medium can effectively removeammonia, with a decrease from10mg/L for influent concentrations to less than0.5 mg/L for effluent concentrations of. The removal efficency can reach90%. Relative tothe only river sand or zeolite as the medium, oxygen release compound can promotethe microbial reaction of ammonia by releasing oxygen, realize the regeneration ofzeolite, and avoid the secondary pollution caused by the desorption of ammonia.
(3) The study constructed a Permeable Reactive Barrier remediationdemonstration project with composite medium to resolve the problem of groundwatercontaminated by ammonia in Liguanpu water source in Shenyang. Monitoring datashow that PRB demonstration project along River worked well. The ammoniaconcentration in groundwater can be decreased from2-10mg/L to0.5mg/L or less,meeting the "Sanitary standard for drinking water".
The PRB developed in this paper, less affected by permeability of aquifer andredox environmental of groundwater, can effectively removes ammoniacontamination of groundwater near the river. The successful demonstration projectexpands the range of application of PRB technology, which will greatly promote theresearch and application of groundwater remediation technologies in China.
引文
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