应用海洋冷量的区域性空调的机理及构建研究
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摘要
能源和环保是当今社会特别关注的两大现实问题。利用地下含水层这一天然通道,将吸收了海洋冷量的冷媒水从沿海地区输运至用冷区域,以构建大规模区域性空调系统,可以充分利用蕴藏量丰富、环境友好的海洋冷量,达到利用新能源和保护环境的目的。
本学位论文提出了一种应用海洋冷量的区域空调技术。以与大气环境相隔绝的、具有良好透水性富水性的、互相连通的水文地质结构作为输水通道,借助注水井将吸收了海洋冷量的冷媒水注入地下含水层,以实现人工灌注;冷媒水在自然水力梯度和人工水力梯度共同作用下不断流动,与原地下水不断换热、换质以冷却、淡化原地下水,在用冷区域设置大流量大扬程的抽水井用以抽取冷却、淡化后的地下水,作为区域性空调的冷源使用。本学位论文主要对冷媒水在多孔介质运移过程中涉及的流动、换热和传质等特性进行研究。
本学位论文首先建立人工强迫径流下冷媒水的流动模型,探究了流量及含水层参数对冷媒水流动范围的影响;根据实际问题进行合理的简化和假设,建立结合流动过程的冷媒水热量运移模型;应用控制容积法和交替方向隐式求解方法进行数值模拟;分析了热动力弥散系数、岩层热容以及水力传导系数对热量运移过程的影响;针对实际中因注入水与原含水层存在矿化度差异的情况,建立结合水流运动方程和水动力弥散作用的二维溶质运移模型;利用有限单元法进行数值模拟,并研究了分子扩散作用和水力传导系数对水质淡化过程的影响程度。研究表明,该方案可以有效地降低含水层中的地下水温度;同时达到淡化水质的目的;借助大流量大扬程抽水井将冷媒水过量注入地下,以有效控制地面沉降,并促成已沉降地面的微量回升。最后,从能源利用和地质灾害发生的角度对该方案进行了讨论和整体评估,证明该技术符合可持续发展的目标与原则。
本学位论文验证了利用地下含水层输运海洋冷量的大规模区域空调供冷系统的构想,突破了常规的含水层“储能”的利用模式,从一个全新的角度开拓了含水层的作用。该方案是一种经济、技术可行的区域性空调技术,具有节约能源、保护环境的积极意义,是适合可持续发展的循环经济模式。
At present, the energy-saving and the environmental protection issues have become two important problems concerned all over the world. Large-scale regional energy-saving air-conditioning system for district heating and cooling could be established by transferring the chilled water carrying cooling capacity of seawater to the cities nearby through underground aquifer, which will make full use of environmental-friendly cooling capacity of seawater on the aim of softening power shortage, exploiting new energy source (cooling capacity of seawater) and protecting ecological environment.
In this thesis, a new technology of the regional air-conditioning system was put forward, in which the cooling capacity of seawater was used as a new kind of cooling source. According to the appropriate hydro-geological structure with good permeability and water bearing ability, which is also insulated from the open air, the chilled water was injected excessively into underground aquifer through injecting wells. Basing on the effect of pressure difference caused by interaction of the natural hydraulic gradient and the artificial one, the chilled water mixed with groundwater through the movement of fluid-flowing, heat-transferring and mass-exchanging was taken out by pump wells with large-flowing and high-lifting. As a result, the mixed chilled water could be used for air-conditioners in refrigeration consumption areas. In this thesis, the characteristics of flow movement, heat exchange and salinity change concerning chilled water transferring in porous media were mainly studied.
Firstly, the flowing model of chilled water on the condition of forced flow was created. The injecting water volume and the geological parameters of underground aquifer, which have effect on the flow of chilled water, were studied. Secondly, the coolant transportation model combined with the seepage flow process was simplified appropriately and assumed according to realistic condition. Applying two-step calculation methods, control volume method (CVM) and alternating direction implicit method (ADI), the numerical simulation variations of heat during the migration process was analyzed. On the other hand, the influence of the thermal dispersion coefficient, the rock heat capacity and the hydraulic conductivity were predicted. Thirdly, concerning the salinity difference between the initial water located in aquifer and injected chilled water, the finite element method was used to simulate the two-dimension solute transport model, which combined the flow movement with the hydrodynamic dispersion. Besides, the molecular diffusion coefficient and the hydraulic conductivity on the salinity changing process were investigated. The results indicated that the temperature and the salinity of groundwater could be decreased effectively. The chilled water injected excessively into underground aquifer through large-flowing and high-lifting pumping wells could control the land subsidence effectively so that the subsided land would lift to a certain extent. Finally, this technology of transferring the chilled water carrying cooling capacity of the seawater through underground aquifer was proved to comply with sustainable development in views of energy utilization and geological disaster prevention.
The conception of making chilled water for large-scale regional energy-saving air-conditioning system by exchanging heat with the seawater and using the underground aquifer as a natural passage was proved feasible. Aquifer is always used for thermal energy storage but it would play a different role in this brand-new technology. Generally speaking, the regional air-conditioning scheme is proved economic, effective and energy-saving, and also accordant with sustainable development and circular economic mode.
本学位论文提出了一种应用海洋冷量的区域空调技术。以与大气环境相隔绝的、具有良好透水性富水性的、互相连通的水文地质结构作为输水通道,借助注水井将吸收了海洋冷量的冷媒水注入地下含水层,以实现人工灌注;冷媒水在自然水力梯度和人工水力梯度共同作用下不断流动,与原地下水不断换热、换质以冷却、淡化原地下水,在用冷区域设置大流量大扬程的抽水井用以抽取冷却、淡化后的地下水,作为区域性空调的冷源使用。本学位论文主要对冷媒水在多孔介质运移过程中涉及的流动、换热和传质等特性进行研究。
本学位论文首先建立人工强迫径流下冷媒水的流动模型,探究了流量及含水层参数对冷媒水流动范围的影响;根据实际问题进行合理的简化和假设,建立结合流动过程的冷媒水热量运移模型;应用控制容积法和交替方向隐式求解方法进行数值模拟;分析了热动力弥散系数、岩层热容以及水力传导系数对热量运移过程的影响;针对实际中因注入水与原含水层存在矿化度差异的情况,建立结合水流运动方程和水动力弥散作用的二维溶质运移模型;利用有限单元法进行数值模拟,并研究了分子扩散作用和水力传导系数对水质淡化过程的影响程度。研究表明,该方案可以有效地降低含水层中的地下水温度;同时达到淡化水质的目的;借助大流量大扬程抽水井将冷媒水过量注入地下,以有效控制地面沉降,并促成已沉降地面的微量回升。最后,从能源利用和地质灾害发生的角度对该方案进行了讨论和整体评估,证明该技术符合可持续发展的目标与原则。
本学位论文验证了利用地下含水层输运海洋冷量的大规模区域空调供冷系统的构想,突破了常规的含水层“储能”的利用模式,从一个全新的角度开拓了含水层的作用。该方案是一种经济、技术可行的区域性空调技术,具有节约能源、保护环境的积极意义,是适合可持续发展的循环经济模式。
At present, the energy-saving and the environmental protection issues have become two important problems concerned all over the world. Large-scale regional energy-saving air-conditioning system for district heating and cooling could be established by transferring the chilled water carrying cooling capacity of seawater to the cities nearby through underground aquifer, which will make full use of environmental-friendly cooling capacity of seawater on the aim of softening power shortage, exploiting new energy source (cooling capacity of seawater) and protecting ecological environment.
In this thesis, a new technology of the regional air-conditioning system was put forward, in which the cooling capacity of seawater was used as a new kind of cooling source. According to the appropriate hydro-geological structure with good permeability and water bearing ability, which is also insulated from the open air, the chilled water was injected excessively into underground aquifer through injecting wells. Basing on the effect of pressure difference caused by interaction of the natural hydraulic gradient and the artificial one, the chilled water mixed with groundwater through the movement of fluid-flowing, heat-transferring and mass-exchanging was taken out by pump wells with large-flowing and high-lifting. As a result, the mixed chilled water could be used for air-conditioners in refrigeration consumption areas. In this thesis, the characteristics of flow movement, heat exchange and salinity change concerning chilled water transferring in porous media were mainly studied.
Firstly, the flowing model of chilled water on the condition of forced flow was created. The injecting water volume and the geological parameters of underground aquifer, which have effect on the flow of chilled water, were studied. Secondly, the coolant transportation model combined with the seepage flow process was simplified appropriately and assumed according to realistic condition. Applying two-step calculation methods, control volume method (CVM) and alternating direction implicit method (ADI), the numerical simulation variations of heat during the migration process was analyzed. On the other hand, the influence of the thermal dispersion coefficient, the rock heat capacity and the hydraulic conductivity were predicted. Thirdly, concerning the salinity difference between the initial water located in aquifer and injected chilled water, the finite element method was used to simulate the two-dimension solute transport model, which combined the flow movement with the hydrodynamic dispersion. Besides, the molecular diffusion coefficient and the hydraulic conductivity on the salinity changing process were investigated. The results indicated that the temperature and the salinity of groundwater could be decreased effectively. The chilled water injected excessively into underground aquifer through large-flowing and high-lifting pumping wells could control the land subsidence effectively so that the subsided land would lift to a certain extent. Finally, this technology of transferring the chilled water carrying cooling capacity of the seawater through underground aquifer was proved to comply with sustainable development in views of energy utilization and geological disaster prevention.
The conception of making chilled water for large-scale regional energy-saving air-conditioning system by exchanging heat with the seawater and using the underground aquifer as a natural passage was proved feasible. Aquifer is always used for thermal energy storage but it would play a different role in this brand-new technology. Generally speaking, the regional air-conditioning scheme is proved economic, effective and energy-saving, and also accordant with sustainable development and circular economic mode.
引文
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