曹妃甸地区地下水脆弱性评价
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摘要
水资源是发展国民经济不可缺少的重要自然资源。在水质污染问题中,地下水水质污染日趋严重。水质污染导致的直接后果就是可利用资源量日渐减少,加剧了水资源供应危机,直接影响工农业的生产和国民经济的发展,对生态系统和人类健康造成危害。曹妃甸地处唐山南部的渤海湾西岸,位于天津港和京唐港之间,为大型深水港口建设和临港产业发展提供了优越条件。其特殊的地理位置,决定了它在我国国民经济发展中的重要性,也决定了该区地下水脆弱性评价的重要性。
论文研究的主要内容如下：
1.分析和总结了目前国内外地下水脆弱性的概念、影响因素以及评价方法的研究现状和水平,指出了目前地下水脆弱性研究存在的一些问题。
2.在分析和研究了曹妃甸地区地质、地貌和水文地质条件等自然地理条件的前提下,综合曹妃甸地区地下水开采利用和地下水污染现状,提出适合研究区的地下水脆弱性评价方法。
3.建立地下水脆弱性评价体系和评价标准,选用DRASTIC和模糊综合评价两种方法评价该区域地下水的脆弱性。
4.利用了MAPGIS编制了曹妃甸地区地下水脆弱性评价图以及影响因素系列图,为实行地下水的保护和管理提供了科学依据。5.对DRASTIC和模糊综合评价两种方法及价结果进行比较,编制曹妃甸地区地下水脆弱性评价图。
Water is to develop the national economy indispensable important natural resources. In water pollution problems, groundwater pollution becomes more and more serious. Water pollution caused available resources dwindling, increased supply of water, and directly affects the crisis of production and development of national economy, of ecosystem and human health hazard. CaoFeidian located in the southern boa bay Tangshan, located in Tianjin and west JingTang haven for large deep-water port, between the construction and development of port-vicinity industry provides superior conditions. Its special geographical position, determines its development of national economy in China, the importance of the groundwater vulnerability to the importance of the evaluation.
The main thesis reads as follows:
Firstly, this paper analyzed and summarized the current situation of the concept, classification, influencing factors, and assessment methods on groundwater vulnerability at home and abroad, and pointed out some problems existed in groundwater vulnerability researches.
Secondly, this paper analyzed and studied of the CaoFeidian geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological conditions of the premise of natural and geographical conditions, comprehensive exploitation of groundwater and groundwater pollution situation in CaoFeidian, putting forward the groundwater vulnerability assessment method for the study area.
Thirdly, the establishment of groundwater vulnerability assessment system and evaluation criteria, selection DRASTIC and fuzzy mathematics is two ways to evaluate the region vulnerability in groundwater.
Fourthly, prepared using the MAPGIS to work out the CaoFeidian vulnerability maps of groundwater and the factors series map for the implementation of groundwater protection and management provide a scientific basis.
Fifthly, the evaluation methodology and the results of DRASTIC and Fuzzy Mathematics Method were compared, and drawing the CaoFeidian vulnerability map of groundwater.
论文研究的主要内容如下：
1.分析和总结了目前国内外地下水脆弱性的概念、影响因素以及评价方法的研究现状和水平,指出了目前地下水脆弱性研究存在的一些问题。
2.在分析和研究了曹妃甸地区地质、地貌和水文地质条件等自然地理条件的前提下,综合曹妃甸地区地下水开采利用和地下水污染现状,提出适合研究区的地下水脆弱性评价方法。
3.建立地下水脆弱性评价体系和评价标准,选用DRASTIC和模糊综合评价两种方法评价该区域地下水的脆弱性。
4.利用了MAPGIS编制了曹妃甸地区地下水脆弱性评价图以及影响因素系列图,为实行地下水的保护和管理提供了科学依据。5.对DRASTIC和模糊综合评价两种方法及价结果进行比较,编制曹妃甸地区地下水脆弱性评价图。
Water is to develop the national economy indispensable important natural resources. In water pollution problems, groundwater pollution becomes more and more serious. Water pollution caused available resources dwindling, increased supply of water, and directly affects the crisis of production and development of national economy, of ecosystem and human health hazard. CaoFeidian located in the southern boa bay Tangshan, located in Tianjin and west JingTang haven for large deep-water port, between the construction and development of port-vicinity industry provides superior conditions. Its special geographical position, determines its development of national economy in China, the importance of the groundwater vulnerability to the importance of the evaluation.
The main thesis reads as follows:
Firstly, this paper analyzed and summarized the current situation of the concept, classification, influencing factors, and assessment methods on groundwater vulnerability at home and abroad, and pointed out some problems existed in groundwater vulnerability researches.
Secondly, this paper analyzed and studied of the CaoFeidian geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological conditions of the premise of natural and geographical conditions, comprehensive exploitation of groundwater and groundwater pollution situation in CaoFeidian, putting forward the groundwater vulnerability assessment method for the study area.
Thirdly, the establishment of groundwater vulnerability assessment system and evaluation criteria, selection DRASTIC and fuzzy mathematics is two ways to evaluate the region vulnerability in groundwater.
Fourthly, prepared using the MAPGIS to work out the CaoFeidian vulnerability maps of groundwater and the factors series map for the implementation of groundwater protection and management provide a scientific basis.
Fifthly, the evaluation methodology and the results of DRASTIC and Fuzzy Mathematics Method were compared, and drawing the CaoFeidian vulnerability map of groundwater.
引文
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6. I.S.Zektser, A.P.Belousova, and V.Yu.Dudov·Region assessment and mapping of groundwater vulnerability to contamination·Environmental Geology,1995,25:225-231
7. J.Madl-Szonyi, L.Fule·Groundwater vulnerability assessment of the SW Trans-Danubian Central Range, Hungary·Environmental Geology,998,35(1):9-18
8. B.M.Evans, W.L.Myers·A GIS-based approach to evaluating regional groundwater pollution potential with DRASTIC·Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1990,45(2):242～245
9. 秦大河,陈宜瑜,李学勇.中国气候与环境演变(下卷)气候与环境变化的影响与适应减缓对策
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11.黎伟.浙江省台州市地质环境溶质评价研究[D].北京：中国地质科学院,2006.
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13.姜桂华.地下水脆弱性研究进展[J].世界地质,2002,21(1)：33—38.
14. James D Ford, Barry Smit, Johanna Wandel. Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Arctic：A Case Study from Arctic Bay Canada[J]. Global Environment Change,2006,16:45-160.
15. Marc J Metzger, Rilk Leemans. A Multidisplinary Multi-scale Framework for Assessing Vulnerabilities to Global Change[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2005,7(4):253-267.
16.唐国平,李秀彬,刘燕华.全球气候变化下水资源脆弱性及其评估方法[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(3)：314-317.
17. Leone A, Ripa M N, Uricchio V, et al. Vulnerability and risk evaluation of agricultural nitrogen pollution for Hungary s main aquifer using DRASTIC and GLEAMS models [J] Journal of Environmental Management,2007:1-11.
18.张保祥.黄水河流域地下水脆弱性评价与水源保护区划分研究[D].北京：中国地质大学,2006.
19.黄栋.北京市平原区地下水脆弱性研究[D].北京：首都师范大学,2009.
20.张泰丽.浙江省丽水市地下水脆弱性研究[D].北京：中国地质科学院,2006.
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22. Worrall F, Besien T. The vulnerability of groundwater to pesticide contamination estimated directly from observations of presence or absence in wells [J].Joumal of Hydrology,2005,303:92-107.
23. Dixon B. Applicability of neuro-fuzzy techniques in predicting groundwater vulnerability:a GIS-based sensitivity analysis [J].Joumal of Hydrology,2005,309:17-38.
24. Collins T W, Bolin B. Characterizing vulnerability to water scarcity:The case of a groundwater dependent, rapidly urbanizing region [J].Environmental Hazaeds,2007,7:399-418.
25.Alemaw B F, Shemang E M, Chaoka T R. Assessment of groundwater pollution vulnerability and modeling of the Kanye Well field in SE Botswana a GIS approach [J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2004,29:1125-1128.
26.Cucchi F, Franceschini G, Zini L, et al. Intrinsic vulnerability assessment of Sette Comuni Plateau aquifer [J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007:1-11.
27. James D Ford, Barry Smit, Johanna Wandel. Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Arctic:A Case Study from Arctic Bay Canada[J]. Global Environment Change,2006,16:45-160.
28. Marc J Metzger, Rilk Leemans. A Multidisplinary Multi-scale Framework for Assessing Vulnerabilities to Global Change[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2005, 7(4):253-267.
29.孙才志,林山杉.地下水脆弱性概念的发展过程与评价现状及研究前景[J].吉林地质,2000,19(1)：30—35.
30. Antonakos A K, Lambrakis N J. Development and testing of three hybrid methods for the assessment of aquifer vulnerability to nitrates, based on the drastic model, an example from NE Korinthos, Greece [J] Journal of Hydrology,2007,333:288-304.
31.林山杉·地下水脆弱性的概念及评价·长春地质学院学报,1997,27(sup Ⅰ)：45～47
32. A.J.Tesoriero, F.D.Voss·predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in the Puget Sound Basin:Implications for aquifer susceptibility and vulnerability·Ground Water,1997,35(6): 1029-1039
33. N.Doerfliger, P.Y.Jeannin, F.Zwahlen·Water vulnerability assessment in karts environments a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools·Environmental Geology,1999,39 (2):165～176
34.杨庆,栾茂田.地下水易污性评价方法--DRASTIC指标体系[J].水文地质工程地质,1999(02).
35.陈学群.蔡州市地下水脆弱性评价研究[D].山东：山东大学,2006.
36.杨晓婷,王文科,乔晓英等.关中盆地地下水脆弱性评价指标体系的探讨[J].西安工程学院学报,2001,(02),：49—52.
37.邹君,傅双同,毛德华.中国南方湿润地区水资源脆弱度评价及其管理—以湖南省衡阳市为例[J].水土保持通报,2008,(02)：80—84.
38.朱雪芹,徐秀娟,蒋丽艳等.哈尔滨市地下水易污性评价及计算机编图[J].世界地质,2001,(04)：54—58.
39.张雪刚,毛媛媛,李致家,等.张集地区地下水易污性及污染风险评价[J].水文地质工程,2009,(01)：57—61.
40.马力,冯波,谭文清等.基于GIS的吉林市西部平原区浅层地下水防污性能评价[J].水文地质工程,2009,(01)：66—68.
41.龚香宜,王焰新,祁士华等.在GIS基础上运用改进的DRASTIC模型评价地下水脆弱性：以中国沧州为例[R].湖北：第二届环境与工程地球物理国际会议.
42.王勇.基于GIS祁县东观地下水资源脆弱性评价[D].山西：太原理工,2006.
43.孙才志,左海军,栾天新.下辽河平原地下水脆弱性研究[J].水力学报,2007,(05)：105—110.
44.李立军.吉林通榆县地下水脆弱性研究[D].东北：吉林大学,2007.
45.方樟.松嫩平原地下水脆弱性研究[D].东北：吉林大学,2007.
46.曾庆雨,田文英,王言鑫.基于复合权重—GIS的下辽河平原地下水脆弱性评价[J].水里水电科技进展,2009,(02)：27—30.
47.严明疆,张文辉,徐卫东.石家庄市地下水脆弱性评价[J].西北地质,2005,(03)：109—114.
48.石文学.天津市河县地下水脆弱性评价体系研究[J].地下水,2007,(03)：26—28.
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53.郑西来,李涛,贾丽华.基于MapInfo的大沽河地下水库脆弱性评价[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2004,(06)：1—81.
54.张保祥.黄水河流域地下水脆弱性评价与水源保护区划分研究[D].北京：中国地质大学,2006.
55.冯春涛.GIS在大庆及周边地区地下水环境脆弱度评价中的应用构想[R].重庆：中国地质矿产经济学2003年学术年会.
56.林学钰,陈梦熊,王兆馨等.松嫩盆地地下水资源与可持续发展研究·北京：地震出版社,2000
2. Briton M G, Costa C N, Almeida J A, et al. Characterization of maximum infiltration areas using GIS tools [J]. Engineering Geology,2006,85:14-18.
3. Dimitriou E, Karaouzas I, Sarantakos K, et al. Groundwater risk assessment at a heavily industrialized catchment and the associated impacts on a peri-urban wetland [J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2008,88:526-538.
4.跨世纪的地学态势——调查与科技·中国地质矿产信息研究院,1998
5. R.C.Berg, C.C.Abert·Large-scale aquifer sensitivity model·Environmental Geology,1994,24:34～42
6. I.S.Zektser, A.P.Belousova, and V.Yu.Dudov·Region assessment and mapping of groundwater vulnerability to contamination·Environmental Geology,1995,25:225-231
7. J.Madl-Szonyi, L.Fule·Groundwater vulnerability assessment of the SW Trans-Danubian Central Range, Hungary·Environmental Geology,998,35(1):9-18
8. B.M.Evans, W.L.Myers·A GIS-based approach to evaluating regional groundwater pollution potential with DRASTIC·Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,1990,45(2):242～245
9. 秦大河,陈宜瑜,李学勇.中国气候与环境演变(下卷)气候与环境变化的影响与适应减缓对策
[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
10. 王国庆,张建云,章四龙,全球气候变化对中国淡水资源的脆弱性影响研究综述[J].水资源与水工程学报,2005,16(2)：7—10.
11.黎伟.浙江省台州市地质环境溶质评价研究[D].北京：中国地质科学院,2006.
12. Jaroslav Vrba, Alexander Zaporozec. Guidebook on Mapping Groundwater Vulnerability [A]. G. Castany. E. Groba. E. Romijn. International Contributions to Hydrogeology Founded [C]. volume(16).
13.姜桂华.地下水脆弱性研究进展[J].世界地质,2002,21(1)：33—38.
14. James D Ford, Barry Smit, Johanna Wandel. Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Arctic：A Case Study from Arctic Bay Canada[J]. Global Environment Change,2006,16:45-160.
15. Marc J Metzger, Rilk Leemans. A Multidisplinary Multi-scale Framework for Assessing Vulnerabilities to Global Change[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2005,7(4):253-267.
16.唐国平,李秀彬,刘燕华.全球气候变化下水资源脆弱性及其评估方法[J].地球科学进展,2000,15(3)：314-317.
17. Leone A, Ripa M N, Uricchio V, et al. Vulnerability and risk evaluation of agricultural nitrogen pollution for Hungary s main aquifer using DRASTIC and GLEAMS models [J] Journal of Environmental Management,2007:1-11.
18.张保祥.黄水河流域地下水脆弱性评价与水源保护区划分研究[D].北京：中国地质大学,2006.
19.黄栋.北京市平原区地下水脆弱性研究[D].北京：首都师范大学,2009.
20.张泰丽.浙江省丽水市地下水脆弱性研究[D].北京：中国地质科学院,2006.
21.黎伟.浙江省台州市地质环境溶质评价研究[D].北京：中国地质科学院,2006.
22. Worrall F, Besien T. The vulnerability of groundwater to pesticide contamination estimated directly from observations of presence or absence in wells [J].Joumal of Hydrology,2005,303:92-107.
23. Dixon B. Applicability of neuro-fuzzy techniques in predicting groundwater vulnerability:a GIS-based sensitivity analysis [J].Joumal of Hydrology,2005,309:17-38.
24. Collins T W, Bolin B. Characterizing vulnerability to water scarcity:The case of a groundwater dependent, rapidly urbanizing region [J].Environmental Hazaeds,2007,7:399-418.
25.Alemaw B F, Shemang E M, Chaoka T R. Assessment of groundwater pollution vulnerability and modeling of the Kanye Well field in SE Botswana a GIS approach [J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2004,29:1125-1128.
26.Cucchi F, Franceschini G, Zini L, et al. Intrinsic vulnerability assessment of Sette Comuni Plateau aquifer [J].Journal of Environmental Management,2007:1-11.
27. James D Ford, Barry Smit, Johanna Wandel. Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Arctic:A Case Study from Arctic Bay Canada[J]. Global Environment Change,2006,16:45-160.
28. Marc J Metzger, Rilk Leemans. A Multidisplinary Multi-scale Framework for Assessing Vulnerabilities to Global Change[J]. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation,2005, 7(4):253-267.
29.孙才志,林山杉.地下水脆弱性概念的发展过程与评价现状及研究前景[J].吉林地质,2000,19(1)：30—35.
30. Antonakos A K, Lambrakis N J. Development and testing of three hybrid methods for the assessment of aquifer vulnerability to nitrates, based on the drastic model, an example from NE Korinthos, Greece [J] Journal of Hydrology,2007,333:288-304.
31.林山杉·地下水脆弱性的概念及评价·长春地质学院学报,1997,27(sup Ⅰ)：45～47
32. A.J.Tesoriero, F.D.Voss·predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in the Puget Sound Basin:Implications for aquifer susceptibility and vulnerability·Ground Water,1997,35(6): 1029-1039
33. N.Doerfliger, P.Y.Jeannin, F.Zwahlen·Water vulnerability assessment in karts environments a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools·Environmental Geology,1999,39 (2):165～176
34.杨庆,栾茂田.地下水易污性评价方法--DRASTIC指标体系[J].水文地质工程地质,1999(02).
35.陈学群.蔡州市地下水脆弱性评价研究[D].山东：山东大学,2006.
36.杨晓婷,王文科,乔晓英等.关中盆地地下水脆弱性评价指标体系的探讨[J].西安工程学院学报,2001,(02),：49—52.
37.邹君,傅双同,毛德华.中国南方湿润地区水资源脆弱度评价及其管理—以湖南省衡阳市为例[J].水土保持通报,2008,(02)：80—84.
38.朱雪芹,徐秀娟,蒋丽艳等.哈尔滨市地下水易污性评价及计算机编图[J].世界地质,2001,(04)：54—58.
39.张雪刚,毛媛媛,李致家,等.张集地区地下水易污性及污染风险评价[J].水文地质工程,2009,(01)：57—61.
40.马力,冯波,谭文清等.基于GIS的吉林市西部平原区浅层地下水防污性能评价[J].水文地质工程,2009,(01)：66—68.
41.龚香宜,王焰新,祁士华等.在GIS基础上运用改进的DRASTIC模型评价地下水脆弱性：以中国沧州为例[R].湖北：第二届环境与工程地球物理国际会议.
42.王勇.基于GIS祁县东观地下水资源脆弱性评价[D].山西：太原理工,2006.
43.孙才志,左海军,栾天新.下辽河平原地下水脆弱性研究[J].水力学报,2007,(05)：105—110.
44.李立军.吉林通榆县地下水脆弱性研究[D].东北：吉林大学,2007.
45.方樟.松嫩平原地下水脆弱性研究[D].东北：吉林大学,2007.
46.曾庆雨,田文英,王言鑫.基于复合权重—GIS的下辽河平原地下水脆弱性评价[J].水里水电科技进展,2009,(02)：27—30.
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