中国区域经济发展差异根源初探
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摘要
本文的中心目的在于找到影响中国东西部经济发展差异的主要原因。为此，在阐明了东西部存在的差异的严重性之后，通过回归分析了区域间的绝对与相对收敛，初步确定了与东西部经济增长差异有重要相关关系的因素，进而运用杨——博兰德模型从理论上说明了决定经济演化速度的重要矛盾——分工与专业化所带来的局部规模报酬递增与交易费用上升的两难冲突，揭示了各种因素影响经济发展速度均是通过影响交易效率系数与专业化经济程度而对经济发展施加影响。在此基础上，确定了最为重要的内部因素——制度差异，和外部因素——外商直接投资规模。最后，以所有制为制度因素的代表，以两地区工业企业绩效为经济发展水平的代表，对制度因素的作用进行了实证验证；以外商投资额为解释变量进行的实证分析也证实，外商直接投资对区域间差异有着很强的解释力。
The present paper employs the neoclassical economic growth theory and new-classical economic theory to investigate the basic factors which generate the development gap between the economic growth rates of the two Chinese regions, and to find out whether the newly developing economics can catch up with the developing economies smoothly. The main founding reveals that:
First: unbalanced development is inevitable in developing countries Second: as an internal factor, institutions of an economy is essential for developing faster and earlier; as an external factor; foreign direct investment (FDI) is another key element. The differences on the above two factors among the provinces of china can explain the differences of the economic performance. There does exist conditional convergence, but the speed is too low to depend on to reduce the expanding gap. The implication of the finding is discussed briefly in the end of the paper.
The present paper employs the neoclassical economic growth theory and new-classical economic theory to investigate the basic factors which generate the development gap between the economic growth rates of the two Chinese regions, and to find out whether the newly developing economics can catch up with the developing economies smoothly. The main founding reveals that:
First: unbalanced development is inevitable in developing countries Second: as an internal factor, institutions of an economy is essential for developing faster and earlier; as an external factor; foreign direct investment (FDI) is another key element. The differences on the above two factors among the provinces of china can explain the differences of the economic performance. There does exist conditional convergence, but the speed is too low to depend on to reduce the expanding gap. The implication of the finding is discussed briefly in the end of the paper.
引文
[1]舒元主编：现代经济增长模型，上海，复旦大学出版社，1998。
[2]谭成林：中国区域经济差异研究，中国经济出版社，1997。
[3]国家统计局：中国统计年鉴，历年。
[4]田晓文，中国地区经济差距变化的三大趋势及其成因初探，北京大学经济研究中心工作论文，1999。
[5]姜照华：科技进步与中国区域不均衡增长，北京大学经济研究中心工作论文，1999。
[6]陆大道等著：中国区域发展报告1997，北京：商务印书馆，1997。
[7]魏后凯：《中国地区经济增长及其收敛性》，《中国工业经济》1997年第3期。
[8]陆大道、薛凤旋等，1997：《1997中国区域发展报告》，商务印书馆。
[9]林毅夫等，1994：《中国的奇迹：发展战略与经济改革》，上海三联书店。
[10]宋学明，1996：《中国区域经济发展及其收敛性》，《经济研究》第9期。
[11]Mankiw NG,Romer, Dvid and Weil, Dvid N.A Contribution To The Empirics of Economics Growth, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1992,407-437.
[12]Barro、Sala-I-Martin, Convergence Across States And Regionss, Brookings Papers of Economic Activity 1:1991,107-158.
[13]Chen、Fleidher, Regional Income Inequality and Economic Growth, Joumal of Comparative Economics, 1996(22),. 141-164.
[14]Jian、Sachs and Warner, Trends In Regional Inequality in China, China Economic Review, Vol.7(1), 1996, 1-21.
[15]Amirahmadi, Hooshang and Weiping Wu, 1994,"Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries", The Journal of Developing Areas, 28:167-190。
[16]De Mello, Luiz R., 1997, "Foreign Direct Investment in Development Countries and Growth: a Selective Survey", The Journal of Development Studies, 34(1):1-34.
[17]Kmenta, J., 1986, Elements of Econometrics, New York:Macmillan.
[18]Kueh, Y.Y., 1992, "Foreign Investment and Economic Change in China Quarterly, 637-90.
[19]Lee, J., P.B.Rana and Y. Iwasaki, 1986, "Effects of Foreign Capital Inflows on Developing Countries of Asia", Asian Development Bank Economics Staff Paper, No. 30.
[20]Schive, C.,1990,The Foreign Factor: The Multinational Corporation's Contribution to the Economic Modernisation of the Republic of China, Hoover Institute Press.
[21]Sun, H., 1996, "Direct Foreign Investment and Linkage Effects:the Experience of China", Asian Economics, 25(1):5-28.
[22]Sun, H., 1998, Foreign Investment and Economic Development in China, 1979-1996, London: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
[2]谭成林：中国区域经济差异研究，中国经济出版社，1997。
[3]国家统计局：中国统计年鉴，历年。
[4]田晓文，中国地区经济差距变化的三大趋势及其成因初探，北京大学经济研究中心工作论文，1999。
[5]姜照华：科技进步与中国区域不均衡增长，北京大学经济研究中心工作论文，1999。
[6]陆大道等著：中国区域发展报告1997，北京：商务印书馆，1997。
[7]魏后凯：《中国地区经济增长及其收敛性》，《中国工业经济》1997年第3期。
[8]陆大道、薛凤旋等，1997：《1997中国区域发展报告》，商务印书馆。
[9]林毅夫等，1994：《中国的奇迹：发展战略与经济改革》，上海三联书店。
[10]宋学明，1996：《中国区域经济发展及其收敛性》，《经济研究》第9期。
[11]Mankiw NG,Romer, Dvid and Weil, Dvid N.A Contribution To The Empirics of Economics Growth, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1992,407-437.
[12]Barro、Sala-I-Martin, Convergence Across States And Regionss, Brookings Papers of Economic Activity 1:1991,107-158.
[13]Chen、Fleidher, Regional Income Inequality and Economic Growth, Joumal of Comparative Economics, 1996(22),. 141-164.
[14]Jian、Sachs and Warner, Trends In Regional Inequality in China, China Economic Review, Vol.7(1), 1996, 1-21.
[15]Amirahmadi, Hooshang and Weiping Wu, 1994,"Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries", The Journal of Developing Areas, 28:167-190。
[16]De Mello, Luiz R., 1997, "Foreign Direct Investment in Development Countries and Growth: a Selective Survey", The Journal of Development Studies, 34(1):1-34.
[17]Kmenta, J., 1986, Elements of Econometrics, New York:Macmillan.
[18]Kueh, Y.Y., 1992, "Foreign Investment and Economic Change in China Quarterly, 637-90.
[19]Lee, J., P.B.Rana and Y. Iwasaki, 1986, "Effects of Foreign Capital Inflows on Developing Countries of Asia", Asian Development Bank Economics Staff Paper, No. 30.
[20]Schive, C.,1990,The Foreign Factor: The Multinational Corporation's Contribution to the Economic Modernisation of the Republic of China, Hoover Institute Press.
[21]Sun, H., 1996, "Direct Foreign Investment and Linkage Effects:the Experience of China", Asian Economics, 25(1):5-28.
[22]Sun, H., 1998, Foreign Investment and Economic Development in China, 1979-1996, London: Ashgate Publishing Limited.