核废料处置库北山预选区结构面均质区划分
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摘要
不连续面调查、分析、建模是研究工程岩体的重要方面,在实际情况中,岩体中不连续面的空间分布是变化的,表现为在一个工程岩体中从一个单元到另一个单元的地质、地质力学、和水文地质的性质是不同的,对不连续面结构相似的岩体的确定是首要的,因此划分不连续面结构均质区是不连续面分析的基础工作。
本文围绕北山结构面均质区的划分,进行了数据误差修正、均质区划分方法对数据的特殊处理要求,划分方法的选择、实现与分析,并应用于北山地区地表、地下均质区的划分。研究意义在于阐明了均质区划分方法应用于北山的技术要点与认识以及对北山旧井地区的进行了划分。研究取得的成果具体如下：
总结了已有的划分均质区的方法,并将其分为两类：同时比较两个样本的方法,计算出样本的某一参数后进行比较。总结了已有划分方法使用的不连续面属性,并结合北山处置库的工程特点,选取了用于北山地区地表均质区划分的不连续面属性——产状、迹长、分形维数,选取了用于北山地区钻孔纵向划分的不连续面参数——产状、线密度、缓倾不连续面线密度。
编程实现了第一类方法同时也是考虑产状的方法——Miller法、相关系数法、Mahtab法,应用于北山均质性分区,并且分析了各个方法的影响因素、在北山地区适用性,总结了应用时技术要点。用已有的软件实现了分形维数法应用于北山地区,并且利用模拟生成节理网络的方法,研究了分形维数可以反映的不连续面属性和影响因素,总结了应用时技术要点。编程实现了圆形窗口法计算平均迹长,并且应用于北山地区,分析了在北山地区的适用性和影响因素,总结了应用时的技术要点。分析综合已有的均质性划分方法的结果,将北山旧井地区地表露头进行了均质区划分。
将Miller法、线密度、缓倾不连续面线密度方法以用于北山B03钻孔纵向均质区划分,划分得到四个区域。
通过已有方法的实现的经验总结指导后续野外采集工作：地表矩形露头面积和不连续面数目应满足一定要求；为了更详细准确的结果,地表露头需要更多的样本；为了更确定的结果,地下纵向分区需要临近的多个钻孔。
Discontinuity investigation, analysis, modeling are important aspects of rock mass. In reality, the spatial distribution of discontinuities in rock mass often changes from one cell to another, and the nature of geology, geomechanics, and hydrogeology is different. It is primary to determine the similarity of rack masses. So analysis of homogeneity of rack masses are the basis of all the analysis work.
This paper focuses on the division of homogeneity of BeiShan area. And the work include:the data error correction, the special processing of data for division methods, the choice and implementation of existing division methods, and using these methods on BeiShan area. And how to apply these methods to special situations has been studied. The main achievements are as follows:
The existing division methods are summed up and are divided into two categories:the methods which compare the two samples to get the parameter, and the methods which calculate only one sample to get a parameter. Discontinuity property of each division method has been summarized. Combining the discontinuity properties with the engineering characteristics, choice has been made about the discontinuity properties which can be used in BeiShan area. The attitude, trace length, fractal dimension are selected for analysis of surface; the attitude, linear density, linear density of lower angle joints are selected for analysis of underground.
Most of the methods are realized by the way of computer programming. The methods involved with attitude -Miller method, the correlation coefficient method, Mahtab method are applied to Bei Shan area, and the influencing factors, the applicability, advantages are analyzed. And also the same procedures are done to circular-window method. The existing software are used to implement the fractal dimension method, and the joint network generated by simulation methods are used to study which discontinuity properties the fractal dimension method can reflect. The B03 bolehole is divided into four zones, using the Miller method, linear density and the linear density of lower angle joints.
Through the implementation of existing methods, a guidance about how to measure the joints sample in field is made. The area of rectangular surface outcrop and number of discontinuities should meet certain requirements; in order to determine the results of the homogeneity of underground, more boleholes are needed.
本文围绕北山结构面均质区的划分,进行了数据误差修正、均质区划分方法对数据的特殊处理要求,划分方法的选择、实现与分析,并应用于北山地区地表、地下均质区的划分。研究意义在于阐明了均质区划分方法应用于北山的技术要点与认识以及对北山旧井地区的进行了划分。研究取得的成果具体如下：
总结了已有的划分均质区的方法,并将其分为两类：同时比较两个样本的方法,计算出样本的某一参数后进行比较。总结了已有划分方法使用的不连续面属性,并结合北山处置库的工程特点,选取了用于北山地区地表均质区划分的不连续面属性——产状、迹长、分形维数,选取了用于北山地区钻孔纵向划分的不连续面参数——产状、线密度、缓倾不连续面线密度。
编程实现了第一类方法同时也是考虑产状的方法——Miller法、相关系数法、Mahtab法,应用于北山均质性分区,并且分析了各个方法的影响因素、在北山地区适用性,总结了应用时技术要点。用已有的软件实现了分形维数法应用于北山地区,并且利用模拟生成节理网络的方法,研究了分形维数可以反映的不连续面属性和影响因素,总结了应用时技术要点。编程实现了圆形窗口法计算平均迹长,并且应用于北山地区,分析了在北山地区的适用性和影响因素,总结了应用时的技术要点。分析综合已有的均质性划分方法的结果,将北山旧井地区地表露头进行了均质区划分。
将Miller法、线密度、缓倾不连续面线密度方法以用于北山B03钻孔纵向均质区划分,划分得到四个区域。
通过已有方法的实现的经验总结指导后续野外采集工作：地表矩形露头面积和不连续面数目应满足一定要求；为了更详细准确的结果,地表露头需要更多的样本；为了更确定的结果,地下纵向分区需要临近的多个钻孔。
Discontinuity investigation, analysis, modeling are important aspects of rock mass. In reality, the spatial distribution of discontinuities in rock mass often changes from one cell to another, and the nature of geology, geomechanics, and hydrogeology is different. It is primary to determine the similarity of rack masses. So analysis of homogeneity of rack masses are the basis of all the analysis work.
This paper focuses on the division of homogeneity of BeiShan area. And the work include:the data error correction, the special processing of data for division methods, the choice and implementation of existing division methods, and using these methods on BeiShan area. And how to apply these methods to special situations has been studied. The main achievements are as follows:
The existing division methods are summed up and are divided into two categories:the methods which compare the two samples to get the parameter, and the methods which calculate only one sample to get a parameter. Discontinuity property of each division method has been summarized. Combining the discontinuity properties with the engineering characteristics, choice has been made about the discontinuity properties which can be used in BeiShan area. The attitude, trace length, fractal dimension are selected for analysis of surface; the attitude, linear density, linear density of lower angle joints are selected for analysis of underground.
Most of the methods are realized by the way of computer programming. The methods involved with attitude -Miller method, the correlation coefficient method, Mahtab method are applied to Bei Shan area, and the influencing factors, the applicability, advantages are analyzed. And also the same procedures are done to circular-window method. The existing software are used to implement the fractal dimension method, and the joint network generated by simulation methods are used to study which discontinuity properties the fractal dimension method can reflect. The B03 bolehole is divided into four zones, using the Miller method, linear density and the linear density of lower angle joints.
Through the implementation of existing methods, a guidance about how to measure the joints sample in field is made. The area of rectangular surface outcrop and number of discontinuities should meet certain requirements; in order to determine the results of the homogeneity of underground, more boleholes are needed.
引文
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[5]P H S W Kulatilake, Reno Fiedler, Bibhuti B Panda. Box fractal dimension as a measure of statistical homogeneity of jointed rock masses[J]. Engineering Geology,1997,48:217-229.
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[23]Priest S D Hudson. Estimation of discontinuity spacing and trace length using scanlin surveys[J].Internatioal Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1981,18(3):221-228.
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[26]P H S W Kulatilake, T H Wu. Estimation of mean trace length of discontinuities[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1984,17(4):215-232.
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[2]M A Mahtab, T M Yegulalp. A similarity test for grouping orientation data in rock mechanics[C]. American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers Inc.1984.
[3]PHSW Kulatilake, D N Wathugala, M Poulton. Analysis of structural homogeneity of rock masses. Engineering Geology,1990,29(3):195-211.
[4]P H S W Kulatilake, J chen, X shufang. Discontinuity Geometry Characterization in a tunnel close to the proposedpermanent shiplock area of Three Gorges Dam site in China[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics& Mining Sciences,1996,33(3):255-277.
[5]P H S W Kulatilake, Reno Fiedler, Bibhuti B Panda. Box fractal dimension as a measure of statistical homogeneity of jointed rock masses[J]. Engineering Geology,1997,48:217-229.
[6]陈剑平,王清,肖树芳.岩体结构均质区的划分[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1996,7(1)：19-24.
[7]肖尚斌,张艳君,郑美霞.蒲石河抽水蓄能电站地下厂房区岩体结构统计均质区划分[J].东北水利水电,1997,158(8)：39-41.
[8]范留明,黄润秋,丁秀美.一种基于结构面密度的岩体结构均质区划分方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(7)：1132-1136.
[9]Michael W Martin, Dwayne D Tannant. A technique for identifying structural domain boundaries at theEKATI Diamond Mine[J]. Engineering Geology,2004,74:247-264.
[10]高敬,杨春和,王贵宾.甘肃北山岩体结构均质区划分方法的探讨[J].岩土力学,2010,31(2)：588-598.
[11]苏锐,宗自华,王驹.高分辨率声波钻孔电视及其在核废物地质处置深部岩体研究中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报.
[12]纪成亮.岩体裂隙网络模拟及其渗透性质研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].南京：南京大学地球科学与工程学院,2010.
[13]梅涛.岩体节理三维网络模拟优化及在甘肃北山岌岌槽岩块的应用研究[D]：[博士学位论文].武汉：中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2008.
[14]高敬.甘肃北山候选场址花岗岩体节理几何特征和组合形态研究[D]：[硕士学位论文].武汉：中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2009.
[15]陈剑平,肖树芳,王清.随机不连续面三维网络计算机模拟原理[M].长春：东北师范大学出版社,1995：48-49.
[16]陈剑平,石丙飞,王清.工程岩体随机结构面优势方向的表示法初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(2)：241-245.
[17]陈剑平,王清,肖树芳.X2检验假设分布有效性的岩体工程应用[J].长春地质学学报,1996,26(3)：332-335.
[18]Ruth D Terzaghi. Sources of error in joint surveys[J]. Geotechnique,1965,15(3):287-304.
[19]Stephen D Priest. Discontinuity analysis for rock engineering[M]. London:Chapman&Hall.
[20]G B Baecher, N A Lanccy, H H Einstein. Statistical description of rock Properties and Sampling[R]. Colorado, Proceedings,18th U.S Symp on rock mech,1977:5c1.1-5c1.8
[21]P H S W Kulatilake, T H Wu. Estimation of mean trace length of Discontinuities[J]. Rock mechnics and rock engineering,1984,17:215-232.
[22]P H Pahl. Estimating the mean length of discontinuitytrace[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics,1981,18:221-228.
[23]Priest S D Hudson. Estimation of discontinuity spacing and trace length using scanlin surveys[J].Internatioal Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1981,18(3):221-228.
[24]Pahl P H. Estimating the mean length of discontinuity traces[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1981,18(3):221-228.
[25]P H S W Kulatilake, T H Wu. Sampling Bias on Orientation of Discontinuities[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1984,17:243-253.
[26]P H S W Kulatilake, T H Wu. Estimation of mean trace length of discontinuities[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1984,17(4):215-232.
[27]Raymond Munier. Statistical analysis of fracture data,adapted for modelling Discrete Fracture Networks-Version 2[R]. Swedish, Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB,2004:20-23.
[28]金曲生,范建军,王思敬.结构面密度计算法及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(3)：273-278.
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