广州地区舒适性住宅的围护结构节能研究
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摘要
随着经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高,建筑空调能耗不断增加,人们对空调舒适性及室内空气品质的要求也有所提高。近年来,国内市场上出现了一些利用顶板辐射供冷与置换通风相结合的复合空调系统来实现室内良好舒适性能的住宅。而要建设舒适性住宅首先必须处理好围护结构的保温隔热问题,如何选择适宜广州气候的建筑外围护结构,使建筑物具有良好的室内热舒适,以减少对人工冷热源的依赖,降低建筑耗能成为急需研究的课题。
围护结构对能耗的影响主要包括两个方面,一方面围护结构的热工性能对能耗的影响;另一方面,围护结构的窗墙比、体形系数对能耗的影响。舒适性住宅是一种利用顶板辐射与置换通风来获得良好舒适性的住宅,它要求每个房间都具备良好的舒适性,而空调系统供冷量是有一定限度的,为了保证最大冷负荷房间的良好舒适性,就必须对该房间的围护结构做一定限制。因此本文的研究主要包括以下几方面,
首先分别以两栋体形特征不同的建筑为研究对象,运用DEST-H软件具体分析了不同热工性能的外墙、外窗和屋面下的建筑能耗情况,得出了建筑围护结构的热工性能对建筑能耗的影响规律。
其次以其中一栋建筑为研究对象,运用DEST-H软件模拟分析了窗墙比和体形系数对建筑能耗的影响,得出了窗墙比和体形系数对整栋建筑能耗的影响规律。再次以最大冷负荷房间为研究对象,利用鸿业负荷模拟软件模拟不同窗墙比下的能耗,从而确定使该房间获得良好舒适性的围护结构面积组合。
最后,还分析了顶板辐射供冷与置换通风相结合的复合空调系统与常规柜式空调系统房间热环境的区别,并从PMV-PPD值、竖直温度梯度、风感危险三个方面对模拟结果进行分析,得出复合空调系统热舒适性能更好的结论。
With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, building energy consumption is increasing, people strongly demand to improve air conditioning comfort and indoor air quality. In recent years, many comfortable residence have also arisen in domestic market which utilized air conditioning systems combining with radiant cooling ceiling and displacement ventilation to obtain an indoor environment with favorable comfort .However, we must deal with the heat insulating problem of building envelopes at first to build comfortable residences in Guangzhou, and it needed an urgent research on how to choose appropriate building envelopes which could fit Guangzhou climate features, create well indoor thermal comfort, lessen the dependence of artificial cold/heat source and reduce energy consumption.
The effect on the energy consumption for the envelops mainly includes two aspects which are the influence of envelops thermal performance and the influence of area ratio of window to wall and shape coefficient. Comfort residence is a housing which could obtain well indoor environment using air conditioning systems combining with radiant cooling ceiling and displacement ventilation. It requires well indoor environment in every room. However, the cooling amount of the system is limited,so in order to ensure every room take a good comfort, we must perform certain restrictions on envelop. Therefore this dissertation mainly include the following research aspects.
Firstly, this paper collected two buildings whhich has different shape Character as the research object, used the software of DEST-H to analyze building energy consumption under ceiling, wall and window of different thermal performance and obtained the influence law of the thermal parameters to the building energy consumption.
Secondly, this paper also used the software of DEST-H to analyze the influence of area ratio of window to wall and shape coefficient on the building energy consumption and obtain the influence law of area ratio of window to wall and shape coefficient on the building energy consumption.
Thirdly , this paper collected the maximum cooling load room as the research object, employed HongYe energy load simulation software to simulate building energy consumption under different area ratio of window to wall to find out suitable area combination of building envelope which could realize constant temperature and humidity in room.
Finally, it simulated the difference in thermal environment between the air conditioning systems combining with radiant cooling ceiling and displacement ventilation and conventional air conditioning systems. And we analyzed the simulation from the three different aspects of PMV-PPD, vertical temperature gradient, and wind dangerous and concluded that the compound air conditioning system could achieve better thermal comfort performance.
围护结构对能耗的影响主要包括两个方面,一方面围护结构的热工性能对能耗的影响;另一方面,围护结构的窗墙比、体形系数对能耗的影响。舒适性住宅是一种利用顶板辐射与置换通风来获得良好舒适性的住宅,它要求每个房间都具备良好的舒适性,而空调系统供冷量是有一定限度的,为了保证最大冷负荷房间的良好舒适性,就必须对该房间的围护结构做一定限制。因此本文的研究主要包括以下几方面,
首先分别以两栋体形特征不同的建筑为研究对象,运用DEST-H软件具体分析了不同热工性能的外墙、外窗和屋面下的建筑能耗情况,得出了建筑围护结构的热工性能对建筑能耗的影响规律。
其次以其中一栋建筑为研究对象,运用DEST-H软件模拟分析了窗墙比和体形系数对建筑能耗的影响,得出了窗墙比和体形系数对整栋建筑能耗的影响规律。再次以最大冷负荷房间为研究对象,利用鸿业负荷模拟软件模拟不同窗墙比下的能耗,从而确定使该房间获得良好舒适性的围护结构面积组合。
最后,还分析了顶板辐射供冷与置换通风相结合的复合空调系统与常规柜式空调系统房间热环境的区别,并从PMV-PPD值、竖直温度梯度、风感危险三个方面对模拟结果进行分析,得出复合空调系统热舒适性能更好的结论。
With the development of economy and the improvement of people's living standard, building energy consumption is increasing, people strongly demand to improve air conditioning comfort and indoor air quality. In recent years, many comfortable residence have also arisen in domestic market which utilized air conditioning systems combining with radiant cooling ceiling and displacement ventilation to obtain an indoor environment with favorable comfort .However, we must deal with the heat insulating problem of building envelopes at first to build comfortable residences in Guangzhou, and it needed an urgent research on how to choose appropriate building envelopes which could fit Guangzhou climate features, create well indoor thermal comfort, lessen the dependence of artificial cold/heat source and reduce energy consumption.
The effect on the energy consumption for the envelops mainly includes two aspects which are the influence of envelops thermal performance and the influence of area ratio of window to wall and shape coefficient. Comfort residence is a housing which could obtain well indoor environment using air conditioning systems combining with radiant cooling ceiling and displacement ventilation. It requires well indoor environment in every room. However, the cooling amount of the system is limited,so in order to ensure every room take a good comfort, we must perform certain restrictions on envelop. Therefore this dissertation mainly include the following research aspects.
Firstly, this paper collected two buildings whhich has different shape Character as the research object, used the software of DEST-H to analyze building energy consumption under ceiling, wall and window of different thermal performance and obtained the influence law of the thermal parameters to the building energy consumption.
Secondly, this paper also used the software of DEST-H to analyze the influence of area ratio of window to wall and shape coefficient on the building energy consumption and obtain the influence law of area ratio of window to wall and shape coefficient on the building energy consumption.
Thirdly , this paper collected the maximum cooling load room as the research object, employed HongYe energy load simulation software to simulate building energy consumption under different area ratio of window to wall to find out suitable area combination of building envelope which could realize constant temperature and humidity in room.
Finally, it simulated the difference in thermal environment between the air conditioning systems combining with radiant cooling ceiling and displacement ventilation and conventional air conditioning systems. And we analyzed the simulation from the three different aspects of PMV-PPD, vertical temperature gradient, and wind dangerous and concluded that the compound air conditioning system could achieve better thermal comfort performance.
引文
[1]乔小壮.一种新型空调方式—“辐射板+自然通风”的初步研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2003.
[2]许俊民.建筑节能与工程建设标准的探讨[C].内地与香港工程建设标准交流研讨会论文集(香港部分).1997,22.1-22.10.
[3]陈汉云,刘少喻.华南地区亚热带潮湿气候的建筑节能设计.沪港绿色建筑研究与设计案例.中国建筑工业出版社78-86.
[4]王长庆,龙惟定,杜鹏飞等译.绿色建筑技术手册.设计·建造·运行.中国建筑工业出版社,1996.
[5]吴彻平.居住建筑维护结构节能分析与工程实践[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[6]陈现芬.夏热冬冷地区住宅外围护结构的节能分析[ D].天津:天津大学,2008.
[7]吴伟伟.夏热冬冷地区居住建筑维护结构节能研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.
[8]徐春桃.居住建筑外围护结构对室内热环境和建筑能耗的影响[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.
[9]邹源.夏热冬暖地区居住建筑热工性能及能耗的模拟分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004.
[10]李旭东.广州地区居住建筑墙体隔热技术研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2007.
[11]]金泽.西安地区城镇住宅建筑外窗的节能设计研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007.
[12]F.Alamdari. Chilled Ceilings and Displacement Ventilation, Renewable Energy,1998,(15):300-305.
[13]S.C.Hodder,D.L.Loveday,etc. Thermal Comfort in Chilled Ceiling and Displacement Ventilation Environment:Vertical Radiant Temperature Asymmetry Effects[J]. Energy and Buildings,1998,27:167-173.
[14]S.J.Rees,P Haves. A nodal model for displacement ventilation and chill ceiling systems in office space[J].Building and environment. 2001,36: 753-762.
[15]Corina Stetiu, Helmut E Feustel. Development of a Model to Simulate the Performance of a Hydronic/Radiant Cooling Ceilings .Lawrence-Berkeley Laboratory.
[16]Elisabeth Mundt.Displacement Ventilation Systems-Convection Flows and temperature Gradients[J]. Building and Environment,1995,(30): 129- 133.
[17]朱能,刘栅.置换通风与冷却顶板的热舒适性研究[J].制冷学报,2000 (4):64-70.
[36]孙丽颖,马最良.冷却吊顶供水方式对系统运行能耗的影响[J].暖通空调.2003,33(1):107-109.
[19]蔡宁.地板辐射供冷结合置换通风辐射式系统的应用研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2007.
[20]田品,彭鹏,周志雄等.冷却顶板的测试标准及相应的实验研究.建筑热能通风空调.2004,4: 8791.
[21]袁锋.顶板辐射-置换通风复合空调室内热环境研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007.
[22]陈露.顶板辐射与置换通风复合供冷系统热环境模拟[D].长沙:中南大学,2010. [ 23 ]于松波,那艳玲等.冷却顶板对置换通风系统的影响:CFD研究[J].暖通空调.2005,35(1):11-14.
[24]张佩东.辐射供冷-置换通风室内热环境及动态响应特性研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2008.
[25]王晓娇,马景骏.冷却顶板加置换通风空调系统的CFD研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[26]民用建筑节能设计标准JGJ 26-95 [S].北京:中国建筑科学研究院,1996.
[27]http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E6%9D%83%E9%87%8D.
[28]李丽,赵立华,孟庆林.顶板辐射供冷加置换通风系统广州地区适用性分析[J].建筑科学.2008,24(10):74-78.
[29]王子介.低温辐射供暖与辐射供冷[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2004.8: 212-216.
[30]赵荣义.空气调节[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994,15-204.
[31]ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-1992.Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.USA:Atlanta GAASHRAE,1992.10-124.
[32]朱颖心.建筑环境学(第二版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.
[2]许俊民.建筑节能与工程建设标准的探讨[C].内地与香港工程建设标准交流研讨会论文集(香港部分).1997,22.1-22.10.
[3]陈汉云,刘少喻.华南地区亚热带潮湿气候的建筑节能设计.沪港绿色建筑研究与设计案例.中国建筑工业出版社78-86.
[4]王长庆,龙惟定,杜鹏飞等译.绿色建筑技术手册.设计·建造·运行.中国建筑工业出版社,1996.
[5]吴彻平.居住建筑维护结构节能分析与工程实践[D].重庆:重庆大学,2006.
[6]陈现芬.夏热冬冷地区住宅外围护结构的节能分析[ D].天津:天津大学,2008.
[7]吴伟伟.夏热冬冷地区居住建筑维护结构节能研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.
[8]徐春桃.居住建筑外围护结构对室内热环境和建筑能耗的影响[D].重庆:重庆大学,2008.
[9]邹源.夏热冬暖地区居住建筑热工性能及能耗的模拟分析[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2004.
[10]李旭东.广州地区居住建筑墙体隔热技术研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2007.
[11]]金泽.西安地区城镇住宅建筑外窗的节能设计研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007.
[12]F.Alamdari. Chilled Ceilings and Displacement Ventilation, Renewable Energy,1998,(15):300-305.
[13]S.C.Hodder,D.L.Loveday,etc. Thermal Comfort in Chilled Ceiling and Displacement Ventilation Environment:Vertical Radiant Temperature Asymmetry Effects[J]. Energy and Buildings,1998,27:167-173.
[14]S.J.Rees,P Haves. A nodal model for displacement ventilation and chill ceiling systems in office space[J].Building and environment. 2001,36: 753-762.
[15]Corina Stetiu, Helmut E Feustel. Development of a Model to Simulate the Performance of a Hydronic/Radiant Cooling Ceilings .Lawrence-Berkeley Laboratory.
[16]Elisabeth Mundt.Displacement Ventilation Systems-Convection Flows and temperature Gradients[J]. Building and Environment,1995,(30): 129- 133.
[17]朱能,刘栅.置换通风与冷却顶板的热舒适性研究[J].制冷学报,2000 (4):64-70.
[36]孙丽颖,马最良.冷却吊顶供水方式对系统运行能耗的影响[J].暖通空调.2003,33(1):107-109.
[19]蔡宁.地板辐射供冷结合置换通风辐射式系统的应用研究[D].南京:南京师范大学,2007.
[20]田品,彭鹏,周志雄等.冷却顶板的测试标准及相应的实验研究.建筑热能通风空调.2004,4: 8791.
[21]袁锋.顶板辐射-置换通风复合空调室内热环境研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007.
[22]陈露.顶板辐射与置换通风复合供冷系统热环境模拟[D].长沙:中南大学,2010. [ 23 ]于松波,那艳玲等.冷却顶板对置换通风系统的影响:CFD研究[J].暖通空调.2005,35(1):11-14.
[24]张佩东.辐射供冷-置换通风室内热环境及动态响应特性研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2008.
[25]王晓娇,马景骏.冷却顶板加置换通风空调系统的CFD研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[26]民用建筑节能设计标准JGJ 26-95 [S].北京:中国建筑科学研究院,1996.
[27]http://wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/%E6%9D%83%E9%87%8D.
[28]李丽,赵立华,孟庆林.顶板辐射供冷加置换通风系统广州地区适用性分析[J].建筑科学.2008,24(10):74-78.
[29]王子介.低温辐射供暖与辐射供冷[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2004.8: 212-216.
[30]赵荣义.空气调节[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994,15-204.
[31]ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-1992.Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy.USA:Atlanta GAASHRAE,1992.10-124.
[32]朱颖心.建筑环境学(第二版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005.