RIA技术在WebGIS构建中的应用
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摘要
GIS技术经过近50年的发展已从理论走向成熟应用,随着互联网在各个领域的不断渗透GIS应用也不断从C/S架构向B/S架构迁移。WebGIS(网络地理信息系统)作为GIS与Web技术相结合的产物,与主流Web技术的发展紧密结合。近年来,RIA(富互联网应用程序)技术日趋成熟并在Web领域得到广泛应用,由于RIA技术的诸多优势,使得WebGIS与RIA技术的结合成为必然。
本文概述了WebGIS与Web新技术结合的发展趋势,包括RIA, Mashup(混搭)和云计算,分析了Silverlight作为主流RIA技术的优势,论述了RIA与WebGIS结合的优势及必要性；选用ArcGIS Server为平台,介绍了该平台的架构与优势,对在其之上构建RIA+WebGIS应用程序的技术基础做了研究,包括CallbackResult异步通信框架,地图缓存技术及其改进,基于REST(表达性状态转移)风格的各种网络服务等；基于ArcGIS API for Silverlight提出了传统WebGIS功能在RIA技术下的解决思路和具体实现办法,如专题地图和图表,查询与分析,地图编辑等,还对RIA的Silverlight技术应用在WebGIS程序中发挥出的优势功能,如动态符号,多种数据源混搭等提出了具体实现办法。
在此基础上,以陕西省高速公路养护决策支持系统中GIS子系统的开发工作为依托,详细阐述了动态分段理论技术,并提出了RIA结合WebGIS在应用中相应的实现思路。应用本文提出的技术和实现办法,利用Silverlight技术开发了WebGIS应用程序,为RIA技术在WebGIS中的应用,提供了借鉴作用。
After development of nearly 5 decades, GIS technology migrates from academic to mature application, and transferred from Client/Server architecture to Browser/Server architecture because of the widespread utilization of Internet. As the product of combination of GIS and Web, WebGIS has closely integrated into the mainstream of Web technology. The quantity of mature Rich Internet Application on the Web increased rapidly in recent years, and the numerous advantages of RIA make the integration of WebGIS and RIA as an inevitable fact.
This paper outlined the trend of the combination of WebGIS and Web technology, including RIA, Mashup, and Cloud Computing, analyzed the advantages of Silverlight technology, and also discussed the necessity of the combination of the two. Then summarized the architecture and the advantage of ArcGIS Server software, and researched the base technology of RIA of WebGIS on that platform, including CallbackResult architecture of asynchronously communication, the technology of base map caching, and Representational State Transfer style web services. The paper also puts forward RIA solutions and implementations of traditional WebGIS functionalities, such as thematic mapping and charting, querying and analysis, map editing etc., based on ArcGIS API for Silverlight. In addition to these, paper brings forward the advantages and implementations of building RIA of WebGIS in Silverlight technology, including dynamic symbology and multiple datasource mashup, etc..
Based on these, this paper elaborated Dynamic Segmentation Technology and the corresponding implementation of RIA of WebGIS, relyes on the work of building GIS sub-system of Decision Support System on Highway Maintenance in Shaanxi Province, finally completed the WebGIS sub-system by using Silverlight technology, with confirmation of feasibility of theories above.
本文概述了WebGIS与Web新技术结合的发展趋势,包括RIA, Mashup(混搭)和云计算,分析了Silverlight作为主流RIA技术的优势,论述了RIA与WebGIS结合的优势及必要性；选用ArcGIS Server为平台,介绍了该平台的架构与优势,对在其之上构建RIA+WebGIS应用程序的技术基础做了研究,包括CallbackResult异步通信框架,地图缓存技术及其改进,基于REST(表达性状态转移)风格的各种网络服务等；基于ArcGIS API for Silverlight提出了传统WebGIS功能在RIA技术下的解决思路和具体实现办法,如专题地图和图表,查询与分析,地图编辑等,还对RIA的Silverlight技术应用在WebGIS程序中发挥出的优势功能,如动态符号,多种数据源混搭等提出了具体实现办法。
在此基础上,以陕西省高速公路养护决策支持系统中GIS子系统的开发工作为依托,详细阐述了动态分段理论技术,并提出了RIA结合WebGIS在应用中相应的实现思路。应用本文提出的技术和实现办法,利用Silverlight技术开发了WebGIS应用程序,为RIA技术在WebGIS中的应用,提供了借鉴作用。
After development of nearly 5 decades, GIS technology migrates from academic to mature application, and transferred from Client/Server architecture to Browser/Server architecture because of the widespread utilization of Internet. As the product of combination of GIS and Web, WebGIS has closely integrated into the mainstream of Web technology. The quantity of mature Rich Internet Application on the Web increased rapidly in recent years, and the numerous advantages of RIA make the integration of WebGIS and RIA as an inevitable fact.
This paper outlined the trend of the combination of WebGIS and Web technology, including RIA, Mashup, and Cloud Computing, analyzed the advantages of Silverlight technology, and also discussed the necessity of the combination of the two. Then summarized the architecture and the advantage of ArcGIS Server software, and researched the base technology of RIA of WebGIS on that platform, including CallbackResult architecture of asynchronously communication, the technology of base map caching, and Representational State Transfer style web services. The paper also puts forward RIA solutions and implementations of traditional WebGIS functionalities, such as thematic mapping and charting, querying and analysis, map editing etc., based on ArcGIS API for Silverlight. In addition to these, paper brings forward the advantages and implementations of building RIA of WebGIS in Silverlight technology, including dynamic symbology and multiple datasource mashup, etc..
Based on these, this paper elaborated Dynamic Segmentation Technology and the corresponding implementation of RIA of WebGIS, relyes on the work of building GIS sub-system of Decision Support System on Highway Maintenance in Shaanxi Province, finally completed the WebGIS sub-system by using Silverlight technology, with confirmation of feasibility of theories above.
引文
[1]徐波.从WebGIS看GIS发展的大众化[J].林业科技情报,2009(3)：87-89.
[2]wikipedia.RIA[EB/OL].http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ria,2010.
[3]肖治国.RIA技术特性及发展趋势[J].长春大学学报,2008,18(12)：34-36.
[4]张宏,丰江帆,闾国年,滕学伟.基于RIA技术的WebGIS研究[J].地球信息科学,2007,9(2)：37-42.
[5]吴涛,戚铭尧,黎勇,颜辉武.WebGIS开发中的RIA技术应用研究[J].测绘通报,2006(6)：34-37.
[6]马德富,丁建勋.浅谈实现WebGIS中网络安全的几点措施[J].城市勘测,2005(2)：13-15.
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[8]田洪阵,刘沁萍,刘军伟.WebGIS的现状及其发展趋势[J].许昌学院学报,2004,23(2)：48-52.
[9]周涛.WebGIS的实现技术及发展趋势[J].信阳师范学院学报：自然科学版,2003,16(1)：108-112.
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[11]Matteo Luccio. Web GIS:Some History and Links[EB/OL]. http://metacarta.wordpress.com/2008/08/24/web-gis-some-history-and-links/,2008.
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[18]Mike Casella. Using ArcGIS Server to Implement Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)[R]. United States:ESRI International User Conference,2007.
[19]孙少陵,罗治国,徐萌,钱岭,王旭.云计算及应用的研究与实现[J].电信工程技术与标准化,2009(11)：2-7.
[20]IBM DeveloperWorks. Rich Internet Applications的技术选项[EB/OL]. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/web/wa-richiapp/,2006.
[21]王天宝,王尔琪,郭会,黄跃峰.基于Silverlight的Web GIS客户端技术研究[C].北京：中国测绘出版社,2009.
[22]Microsoft. Siverlight 3 Documentation[M].Microsoft Press,2009.
[23]陈谦,佘江峰,潘森,肖凯,姜红丹.基于RIA方式的WebGIS构建[J].遥感信息,2009(4)：89-94.
[24]Roy Thomas Fielding.Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures[D].UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE.2000.
[25]JTG H10-2009,公路养护技术规范[S].
[26]尹静.高速公路养护质量检评方法(试行)[M].中华人民共和国交通部,2003.
[27]ESRI.ArcGIS Server Help for.NET Framework[M].ESRI Press,2009.
[2]wikipedia.RIA[EB/OL].http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ria,2010.
[3]肖治国.RIA技术特性及发展趋势[J].长春大学学报,2008,18(12)：34-36.
[4]张宏,丰江帆,闾国年,滕学伟.基于RIA技术的WebGIS研究[J].地球信息科学,2007,9(2)：37-42.
[5]吴涛,戚铭尧,黎勇,颜辉武.WebGIS开发中的RIA技术应用研究[J].测绘通报,2006(6)：34-37.
[6]马德富,丁建勋.浅谈实现WebGIS中网络安全的几点措施[J].城市勘测,2005(2)：13-15.
[7]wikipedia.Web Mapping[EB/OL]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_mapping, 2010.
[8]田洪阵,刘沁萍,刘军伟.WebGIS的现状及其发展趋势[J].许昌学院学报,2004,23(2)：48-52.
[9]周涛.WebGIS的实现技术及发展趋势[J].信阳师范学院学报：自然科学版,2003,16(1)：108-112.
[10]Foote, Kenneth, E.Anthony, P.Kirvan. WebGIS,NCGIA Core Curriculum in GIScience[EB/OL]. http://www. ncgia. ucsb. edu/giscc/units/u133.html,1998-07-131.
[11]Matteo Luccio. Web GIS:Some History and Links[EB/OL]. http://metacarta.wordpress.com/2008/08/24/web-gis-some-history-and-links/,2008.
[12]王冬,陈春,何海舰.网络地理信息系统关键技术及其发展趋势的研究与探讨[J].测绘与空间地理信息,2005,28(2)：23-26.
[13]刘吉夫,陈颙,陈棋福,黄静.WebGIS应用现状及发展趋势[J].地震,2003,23(4)：10-20.
[14]wikipedia. Mashup [EB/OL]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Mashup_%28web_application_hybrid%29,2010.
[15]秦灵伶,王文东,贾霞,董振江.Mashup技术及其发展趋势[J].电信科学, 2009(9)：80-86.
[16]James Fee. ESRI 2007 User Conference Open Thread[EB/OL]. http://www.spatiallyadjusted.com/2007/06/20/esri-2007-user-conference-open-thread/, 2007.
[17]IBM DeveloperWorks. Mashups:Web应用程序新成员[EB/OL]. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/xml/x-mashups.html,2006.
[18]Mike Casella. Using ArcGIS Server to Implement Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)[R]. United States:ESRI International User Conference,2007.
[19]孙少陵,罗治国,徐萌,钱岭,王旭.云计算及应用的研究与实现[J].电信工程技术与标准化,2009(11)：2-7.
[20]IBM DeveloperWorks. Rich Internet Applications的技术选项[EB/OL]. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/web/wa-richiapp/,2006.
[21]王天宝,王尔琪,郭会,黄跃峰.基于Silverlight的Web GIS客户端技术研究[C].北京：中国测绘出版社,2009.
[22]Microsoft. Siverlight 3 Documentation[M].Microsoft Press,2009.
[23]陈谦,佘江峰,潘森,肖凯,姜红丹.基于RIA方式的WebGIS构建[J].遥感信息,2009(4)：89-94.
[24]Roy Thomas Fielding.Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architectures[D].UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE.2000.
[25]JTG H10-2009,公路养护技术规范[S].
[26]尹静.高速公路养护质量检评方法(试行)[M].中华人民共和国交通部,2003.
[27]ESRI.ArcGIS Server Help for.NET Framework[M].ESRI Press,2009.