列车动荷载对基坑变形的影响
|
摘要
随着铁路工程的高速发展,越来越多的基坑工程需要在高速铁路旁边进行,控制和预测列车动荷载对基坑及周围建筑的变形成为铁路工程设计中的一个重要内容,因此,列车动荷载对基坑及地基变形的影响已经引起越来越多专家和工程师的关注,对列车荷载进行研究就显得尤为重要。
在火车站附近进行基坑开挖,由于列车车辆的高密度运行,一方面,在换乘车站深基坑开挖过程中,列车动荷载会影响既有车站结构及其周围土层变形;另一方面,既有车站结构受新建换乘车站基坑开挖的影响产生变形,从而引起车站内轨道变形,影响行车安全。
对于列车动荷载的模拟,在以往的基坑支护中很少考虑,只是在道路工程中把列车荷载当做等效的静荷载进行计算。本文以某大型车站基坑开挖过程中实际监测数据为例,通过FLAC3D模拟基坑在列车运行期间的开挖变形,并将模拟结果与实际监测的数据作对比,计算结果表明:根据实际监测数据,列车动荷载引起的地基沉降会随着时间一直增大,但增大的速率越来越小,最终趋于稳定;由于锚索与测斜管在有无列车通过时无变化,说明列车动荷载只对其作用周围某一范围内的土体有影响。因此,为了减小列车动荷载对基坑及土体的影响,可只对列车影响临界范围内的土体进行加固,从而以最经济的工程成本来达到预定的设计目的。
With the rapid development of railway engineering, more and more foundation engineering need to be constructed beside the railway, controlling and predicting the deformation of the foundation engineering and surrounding buildings that caused by the dynamic train load become an important content of the railway engineering design. So the deformation of the foundation engineering and ground that caused by dynamic train load have attracted more and more experts and engineers to research. So studying on train load is becoming very important.
When the excavation near the train station, because of the high density of train vehicle running, on one hand, in the process of excavation in the subway station, the dynamic train load affects the structure of existing station and the deformation of the surrounding soil; on the other hand, deformation will be caused because of the excavation during the existing station structure, Causing the deformation of the station track, and impacting the safety of the traffic.
The simulation of the train dynamic load is rarely considered in the past foundation design. The train load is calculated as equivalent static load only in the road engineering. The article takes the data of the excavation during a certain station as an example, using the FLAC3D to simulate the deformation of the excavation during the train operation and making a comparison between the simulation results and the actual monitoring data. The calculation results show that according to the actual monitoring data, the ground settlement caused by the dynamic train load has been increasing as time goes by, but the rate of the growth is becoming more and more small, eventually stabilized. Because no matter there is a train or not, the reading of the anchor cable and inclinometer tube doesn‘t change, this illustrates that the dynamic train load only affects the soil in a particular range. Therefore, in order to reduce the dynamic train load on foundation pit and soil, we can reinforce the soil that only affected by the train so that using the least cost to achieve the design purpose.
在火车站附近进行基坑开挖,由于列车车辆的高密度运行,一方面,在换乘车站深基坑开挖过程中,列车动荷载会影响既有车站结构及其周围土层变形;另一方面,既有车站结构受新建换乘车站基坑开挖的影响产生变形,从而引起车站内轨道变形,影响行车安全。
对于列车动荷载的模拟,在以往的基坑支护中很少考虑,只是在道路工程中把列车荷载当做等效的静荷载进行计算。本文以某大型车站基坑开挖过程中实际监测数据为例,通过FLAC3D模拟基坑在列车运行期间的开挖变形,并将模拟结果与实际监测的数据作对比,计算结果表明:根据实际监测数据,列车动荷载引起的地基沉降会随着时间一直增大,但增大的速率越来越小,最终趋于稳定;由于锚索与测斜管在有无列车通过时无变化,说明列车动荷载只对其作用周围某一范围内的土体有影响。因此,为了减小列车动荷载对基坑及土体的影响,可只对列车影响临界范围内的土体进行加固,从而以最经济的工程成本来达到预定的设计目的。
With the rapid development of railway engineering, more and more foundation engineering need to be constructed beside the railway, controlling and predicting the deformation of the foundation engineering and surrounding buildings that caused by the dynamic train load become an important content of the railway engineering design. So the deformation of the foundation engineering and ground that caused by dynamic train load have attracted more and more experts and engineers to research. So studying on train load is becoming very important.
When the excavation near the train station, because of the high density of train vehicle running, on one hand, in the process of excavation in the subway station, the dynamic train load affects the structure of existing station and the deformation of the surrounding soil; on the other hand, deformation will be caused because of the excavation during the existing station structure, Causing the deformation of the station track, and impacting the safety of the traffic.
The simulation of the train dynamic load is rarely considered in the past foundation design. The train load is calculated as equivalent static load only in the road engineering. The article takes the data of the excavation during a certain station as an example, using the FLAC3D to simulate the deformation of the excavation during the train operation and making a comparison between the simulation results and the actual monitoring data. The calculation results show that according to the actual monitoring data, the ground settlement caused by the dynamic train load has been increasing as time goes by, but the rate of the growth is becoming more and more small, eventually stabilized. Because no matter there is a train or not, the reading of the anchor cable and inclinometer tube doesn‘t change, this illustrates that the dynamic train load only affects the soil in a particular range. Therefore, in order to reduce the dynamic train load on foundation pit and soil, we can reinforce the soil that only affected by the train so that using the least cost to achieve the design purpose.
引文
[1]刘宗仁,基坑工程,哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2008
[2]Shen S.L,Chai J.C,Hong Z.S,et al. Analysis of field performance of embankments on soft clay deposit with and without PVD-inprovement.,Geotextiles and Geomemberanes,2005,Vol.23(6):463~485
[3]门福录,上海粘土流变性质及地面沉降问题初步研究(一),自然灾害学报,1999,Vol.8(3):117~126
[4]门福录,上海粘土流变性质及地面沉降问题初步研究(二),自然灾害学报1999,l.8(3):123~132
[5]许烨霜,余恕国,沈水龙,地下水开采引起地面沉降预测方法的现状与未来,防灾减灾工程学报,2006,Vol.26(3):352~357
[6]Krylov VV. Generation of ground vibration by superfast trains,Applied Acoustics 1995,44(2):149–164
[7]Gazetas,G.(1991),??Formulas and charts for impedances of surface and embedded foundations.‘‘J.Geotech.Eng,117(9),1363–1381
[8]孙鹏,夏景仁,李春国等,较大动荷载作用下深基坑的支护,辽宁建材,2005(4):1~6
[9]毕湘利,周顺华,列车振动荷载对邻近深基坑的既有站变形影响,同济大学学报(自然科学版),第32卷第12期2004年12月:1~6
[10]刘素锦,郭明伟等,浅析车辆荷载对深基坑支护结构的影响,地下空间与工程学报,第5卷第1期,2009年2月:2~5
[11]段绍伟,曾垂军,水平简谐荷载对深基坑开挖变形的影响,地下空间与工程学报,第3卷第2期,2007年4月:3~7
[12]李义,袁富强,列车动荷载作用下土的动力特性分析,天津城市建设学院学报,第16卷第1期2010年3月:4~6
[13]徐志英、沈珠江,地震液化的有效应力二维动力分析方法,《华东水利学院学报》,第3期,1981:3~4
[14]徐志英,沈珠江,土坝地震孔隙水压力产生、扩散和消散的有限单元法动力分析,华东水利学院学报,第4期,1981:2~6
[15]汪闻韶,某电厂地基饱和砂性土地震稳定性试验中提出的原理和方法,水利水电科研院科学研究论文集,第16集,1983
[16]冶金部建筑研究总院工程地震研究室,液化与地震反应的有效应力分析,1982年11月
[17]地震工程概论编写组,地震工程概论,北京,科学出版社,1977
[18]大崎顺彦,地震与震害,冶金建筑学报,第7、8期
[19]王志良,王余庆,地震荷载下的有效应力土模型,岩土地震工程及土动力学新进展国际会议论文选译,1982
[20]符圣聪,江静贝,Iwan模拟用于场址动力分析,地震工程与工程振动,4卷3期,1984:2~7
[21]W.D.Liam Finn,动力有效应力分析评述,国外地震工程,第2期,1980:2~4
[22]黄文熙,土的工程性质,北京,水利水电出版社,1983
[23]谢定义,巫志辉,郭耀堂,极限平衡理论及其在饱和砂土动力失稳过程中的应用,土木工程学报,No4,1981:1~4
[24]钱鸿缙,张迪民,王杰贤,动力机器基础设计,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1980
[25]y.yoshimi,F.E.Richart,S.prakash,D.D.Barkan,V.A.Ilgchev。Soil Dynamics and its Application to Foundion Engieering,Proc.of IXICSMFE,1979
[26]华东水利学院土力学教研室,土工原理与计算,北京,水利出版社,1979
[27]谢定义,土动力学,西安交通大学出版社,1988年9月
[28]汪闻韶,土坝地震稳定问题综述,水利学报,第3期,1963:1~2
[29]谢定义,张建民,往返荷载下饱和砂土强度变形瞬态变化的机理,土木工程学报,Vol.20 No3,1987:3~6
[30]刘颖,谢君斐等,砂土震动液化,北京地震出版社,1984
[31]谢定义,巫志辉,随机动荷脉冲波对砂土液化特性的影响,岩土工程学报,第4期,1987:1~5
[32]彭文斌,FLAC3D实用教程,北京,机械工业出版社,2008
[33]Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua)User Manuals, Version 5.0,,Minneapolis,2005
[34]Liu Bo, Z.Q.Yue and L.G.Tham.―Analytical Design Method for Truss for Bolt System in Reinforement of Fractured Coal Mine Roofs, lustrasted with a Case Study,‖, International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Science & Geomech Abstract,2005,42 :195~218
[35]Liu Bo,Tao Longguang.―Calculation of complete curve of Shear Resitance for Bolted Rock Joints on Large Deformation Analysis‖,岩土工程学报,2004,26:140~144
[36]王泳嘉,邢纪波,离散单元法同拉格朗日元法及其在岩土力学中的应用,岩土力学,1995,16(2):1~14
[37]褚卫江,徐卫压,杨圣奇等,基于FLAC3D岩石粘弹塑性流变模型的二次开发研究,岩土力学,2006,27(11):2005~2010
[38]陈育民,刘汉龙,周云东,液化及液化后砂土的流动特性分析,岩土工程学报,2006,(9):1139~1143
[39]陈育民,徐鼎平,FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例,中国水利水电出版社,2008
[40]刘金龙,井合进,一井康二,大型沉箱式码头岸壁地震反应分析,岩土工程学报,1998,20(2):26-30
[41]夏元友,李梅,边坡稳定性评价方法研究及发展趋势,岩土力学与工程学报,2002,21(7):1087-1091
[42]宋二祥,土工结构安全系数的有限元计算,岩土工程学报,1997,19(2):1~7
[43]刘波,韩彦辉,FLAC原理、实例与应用指南,北京,人民交通出版社,2005
[2]Shen S.L,Chai J.C,Hong Z.S,et al. Analysis of field performance of embankments on soft clay deposit with and without PVD-inprovement.,Geotextiles and Geomemberanes,2005,Vol.23(6):463~485
[3]门福录,上海粘土流变性质及地面沉降问题初步研究(一),自然灾害学报,1999,Vol.8(3):117~126
[4]门福录,上海粘土流变性质及地面沉降问题初步研究(二),自然灾害学报1999,l.8(3):123~132
[5]许烨霜,余恕国,沈水龙,地下水开采引起地面沉降预测方法的现状与未来,防灾减灾工程学报,2006,Vol.26(3):352~357
[6]Krylov VV. Generation of ground vibration by superfast trains,Applied Acoustics 1995,44(2):149–164
[7]Gazetas,G.(1991),??Formulas and charts for impedances of surface and embedded foundations.‘‘J.Geotech.Eng,117(9),1363–1381
[8]孙鹏,夏景仁,李春国等,较大动荷载作用下深基坑的支护,辽宁建材,2005(4):1~6
[9]毕湘利,周顺华,列车振动荷载对邻近深基坑的既有站变形影响,同济大学学报(自然科学版),第32卷第12期2004年12月:1~6
[10]刘素锦,郭明伟等,浅析车辆荷载对深基坑支护结构的影响,地下空间与工程学报,第5卷第1期,2009年2月:2~5
[11]段绍伟,曾垂军,水平简谐荷载对深基坑开挖变形的影响,地下空间与工程学报,第3卷第2期,2007年4月:3~7
[12]李义,袁富强,列车动荷载作用下土的动力特性分析,天津城市建设学院学报,第16卷第1期2010年3月:4~6
[13]徐志英、沈珠江,地震液化的有效应力二维动力分析方法,《华东水利学院学报》,第3期,1981:3~4
[14]徐志英,沈珠江,土坝地震孔隙水压力产生、扩散和消散的有限单元法动力分析,华东水利学院学报,第4期,1981:2~6
[15]汪闻韶,某电厂地基饱和砂性土地震稳定性试验中提出的原理和方法,水利水电科研院科学研究论文集,第16集,1983
[16]冶金部建筑研究总院工程地震研究室,液化与地震反应的有效应力分析,1982年11月
[17]地震工程概论编写组,地震工程概论,北京,科学出版社,1977
[18]大崎顺彦,地震与震害,冶金建筑学报,第7、8期
[19]王志良,王余庆,地震荷载下的有效应力土模型,岩土地震工程及土动力学新进展国际会议论文选译,1982
[20]符圣聪,江静贝,Iwan模拟用于场址动力分析,地震工程与工程振动,4卷3期,1984:2~7
[21]W.D.Liam Finn,动力有效应力分析评述,国外地震工程,第2期,1980:2~4
[22]黄文熙,土的工程性质,北京,水利水电出版社,1983
[23]谢定义,巫志辉,郭耀堂,极限平衡理论及其在饱和砂土动力失稳过程中的应用,土木工程学报,No4,1981:1~4
[24]钱鸿缙,张迪民,王杰贤,动力机器基础设计,北京,中国建筑工业出版社,1980
[25]y.yoshimi,F.E.Richart,S.prakash,D.D.Barkan,V.A.Ilgchev。Soil Dynamics and its Application to Foundion Engieering,Proc.of IXICSMFE,1979
[26]华东水利学院土力学教研室,土工原理与计算,北京,水利出版社,1979
[27]谢定义,土动力学,西安交通大学出版社,1988年9月
[28]汪闻韶,土坝地震稳定问题综述,水利学报,第3期,1963:1~2
[29]谢定义,张建民,往返荷载下饱和砂土强度变形瞬态变化的机理,土木工程学报,Vol.20 No3,1987:3~6
[30]刘颖,谢君斐等,砂土震动液化,北京地震出版社,1984
[31]谢定义,巫志辉,随机动荷脉冲波对砂土液化特性的影响,岩土工程学报,第4期,1987:1~5
[32]彭文斌,FLAC3D实用教程,北京,机械工业出版社,2008
[33]Itasca Consulting Group, Inc. FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua)User Manuals, Version 5.0,,Minneapolis,2005
[34]Liu Bo, Z.Q.Yue and L.G.Tham.―Analytical Design Method for Truss for Bolt System in Reinforement of Fractured Coal Mine Roofs, lustrasted with a Case Study,‖, International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Science & Geomech Abstract,2005,42 :195~218
[35]Liu Bo,Tao Longguang.―Calculation of complete curve of Shear Resitance for Bolted Rock Joints on Large Deformation Analysis‖,岩土工程学报,2004,26:140~144
[36]王泳嘉,邢纪波,离散单元法同拉格朗日元法及其在岩土力学中的应用,岩土力学,1995,16(2):1~14
[37]褚卫江,徐卫压,杨圣奇等,基于FLAC3D岩石粘弹塑性流变模型的二次开发研究,岩土力学,2006,27(11):2005~2010
[38]陈育民,刘汉龙,周云东,液化及液化后砂土的流动特性分析,岩土工程学报,2006,(9):1139~1143
[39]陈育民,徐鼎平,FLAC/FLAC3D基础与工程实例,中国水利水电出版社,2008
[40]刘金龙,井合进,一井康二,大型沉箱式码头岸壁地震反应分析,岩土工程学报,1998,20(2):26-30
[41]夏元友,李梅,边坡稳定性评价方法研究及发展趋势,岩土力学与工程学报,2002,21(7):1087-1091
[42]宋二祥,土工结构安全系数的有限元计算,岩土工程学报,1997,19(2):1~7
[43]刘波,韩彦辉,FLAC原理、实例与应用指南,北京,人民交通出版社,2005