亚洲地热图编制及地热潜力评估
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摘要
能源危机和环境污染是当今人类面临的两大问题。作为可再生能源中的一员,比起生物能、风能、潮汐能等,地热能具有很大的优势,它即是现实能源,又是巨大的潜在能源。虽然地热能通过地表散发的总量很大,但很分散,能够被直接利用的有限。它的生成与岩石圈板块发生、发展、演化及其相伴的地壳热状态、热历史有着密切的内在联系,特别是与更新世以来的构造应力场、热动力场有着直接的联系。因此,深入认识地热资源产生原理,分析影响地热资源产生利用的各因素,评估某个地区的地热潜力就具有十分重要的意义。
作为七大洲中面积最大的洲,亚洲拥有丰富的地热资源。本论文是在国家自然科学基金“水源热泵地下土—水系统THCB耦合运移机理研究”(No.40972172)、上海市科学技术委员会资助项目(10dz1202300)、吉林省留学人员科技创新创业项目、教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金及中国地质调查局“亚洲地下水资源和环境地质编图”项目的资助下,对亚洲地热资源分布进行研究。论文主要从亚洲地热数据库、亚洲地热图编制、亚洲地热分布、基于BP网络的地热潜力评估模型的建立、模型应用等五个部分进行论述：
第一部分全面收集整理亚洲地区的热点资料(包括火山、温泉和热水井资料),同时收集了亚洲某些地区的大地热流值和地温梯度值,形成亚洲地热数据库。
第二部分运用MapGIS软件,基于亚洲地热数据库中热点资料,编制亚洲地热分布图。同时,绘制了亚洲3000m深度地温场略图及亚洲地温梯度略图。分析了影响地温分布的各控制因素及大地热流值与地质环境的关系；总结了亚洲地温、地温梯度及大地热流的分布特征。
第三部分根据地热资源形成的地质类型和赋存特征,将亚洲地热区分成现代火山型、隆起断裂型及沉积盆地型三大类。深入分析和研究了各类型地热资源在亚洲的分布,进一步深化了对地热资源形成的认识。
第四部分在充分了解运用BP网络进行多因素之间非线性关系的映射具有很大优势的前提下,引入BP网络对现代火山型和沉积盆地型地热资源的潜力进行评估。综合分析了影响火山型地热资源及沉积盆地型地热资源产生和利用的各种定性定量因素,选择主要的影响因素作为BP神经网络模型的输入。现代火山型地热选取的是：地层与岩性、构造特征、火山活动、地表热显示、水化学特征、地震活动、地温梯度及温泉温度8个因素；沉积盆地型地热选取的是：地层与岩性、构造特征、水动力学条件、水化学特征、地表热显示、地温梯度及大地热流、热水井(孔)信息(即1000m深度热水井的出水温度和流量)9个因素。以地热资源潜力为输出,建立了基于BP网络的地热资源潜力评估模型。
第五部分利用第四部分建立的模型评价了一些地区的地热资源潜力。
本文编制的亚洲地热分布图、亚洲3000m地温场图和亚洲地温梯度图,已通过中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所总项目组的验收,图件对了解亚洲地热资源的形成、分布具有重要的实际意义。本文充分利用Matlab神经网络工具箱(NNtool)的功能,建立了基于BP神经网络的地热潜力评估模型,并在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。本文将评价体系和人工神经网络理论结合起来,建立了一种评价地热潜力的新方法。
At present, the energy crisis and the environment pollution are two major problems which the humanity faces. As a member in the family of renewable energy source, the geothermal energy has great advantage than biological energy, wind energy, tidal power and so on. It is the practical energy source, also the enormous potential energy source. The total heat emitted by the earth to the ground is very large, but also very dispersive, and the energy used direct is quite limit. The production of geothermal has consanguineous internal relation to the happen, development, evolvement of lithosphere plate and the concomitant thermal situation, thermal history of the crust, especially, has direct relation to the tectonic stress field and thermal dynamic field. Therefore, it is very significant to understand producing principle of the geothermal source intensively, analyze every factors working on production and utilizing of the geothermal source, at last, and evaluate the geothermal potential of one area.
As the largest continent, the Asia has abundant geothermal source. The paper did researches on distribution of Asian geothermal resource based on following projects:The National Natural Science Fund "The research on THCB coupled transport mechanism of water source heat pump" (NO.40972172), The Project-sponsored by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (10dz1202300), The science and technology innovation item of overseas student in Jilin province, The Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry and China Geological Survey "The mapping of Aisan underground water resource and environmental geology". The paper discussed from five parts:the database of the Asian geothermal, the map of the Asia geothermal, the distribution of the Asia geothermal, the establishment of the evaluation model about the geothermal potential based on BP network and the model application.
Part 1:The specific task was to collect and collate the Asian hotspot data (including volcano, hot spring, and hot well). At the same time, the Asian terrestrial heat flow and geothermal gradient values in some areas were also collected. The last harvest was the database of the Asian geothermal.
Part 2:Based on above data, draw the map of the Asia geothermal source by MapGIS. Meantime, accomplish the map of ground temperature field in 3000 meters and the outline map of geothermal gradient. The factors influencing the distribution of ground temperature, the relation during terrestrial heat flow and geological environment were analyzed; the rough distribution of the Asian ground temperature and geothermal gradient were summed up.
Part 3:According to the geology types of the geothermal source's production and the occurrence properties, the Asian geothermal area was divided into three types, the modern volcano geothermal area, the crown failure geothermal area and the sedimentary basin geothermal area. The distribution of every type in Asian was analyzed and studied thoroughly, which further promoted the knowledge for production of geothermal source.
Part 4:On the premise that there was large advantage to apply BP network for representing the non-linear relation during several factors. The BP network was imported to evaluate the geothermal potential in modern volcano geothermal area and sedimentary basin geothermal area. The all qualitative and quantitative factors influencing geothermal production and utilization in modern volcano geothermal area and sedimentary basin geothermal area were analyzed synthetically, than the main factors were chosen to be import of BP network model. The factors chosen in modern volcano geothermal area were:stratum layer and rock character, structure feature, volcano movement, hot display in ground surface, hydrochemistry feature, earthquake movement, geothermal gradient and hot spring temperature; chosen in sedimentary basin geothermal area were:stratum layer and rock character, structure feature, hydrodynamic condition, hydrochemistry feature, hot display in ground surface, geothermal gradient, terrestrial heat flow and information of hot well(drill)(that is exit temperature and flow of hot well in 1000m depth).The export was the geothermal potential. Therefore, the evaluation model of the geothermal potential was established based on BP network.
Part 5:The geothermal potential in some areas was evaluated applying the models established in Part 4.
The distribution map of Asian geothermal resource, the map of Asian temperature field in 3000m and the map of Asian geothermal gradient in the paper have gotten acceptance by the institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CGS. They will have momentous current significance to know the formation and distribution of Asian geothermal source. The Matlab NNtool was applied fully to establish the evaluation model of geothermal potential based on BP network. During actual applications, many progresses were made. The combination of evaluation system and ANNs aimed to explore a new method to evaluate the geothermal potential.
作为七大洲中面积最大的洲,亚洲拥有丰富的地热资源。本论文是在国家自然科学基金“水源热泵地下土—水系统THCB耦合运移机理研究”(No.40972172)、上海市科学技术委员会资助项目(10dz1202300)、吉林省留学人员科技创新创业项目、教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金及中国地质调查局“亚洲地下水资源和环境地质编图”项目的资助下,对亚洲地热资源分布进行研究。论文主要从亚洲地热数据库、亚洲地热图编制、亚洲地热分布、基于BP网络的地热潜力评估模型的建立、模型应用等五个部分进行论述：
第一部分全面收集整理亚洲地区的热点资料(包括火山、温泉和热水井资料),同时收集了亚洲某些地区的大地热流值和地温梯度值,形成亚洲地热数据库。
第二部分运用MapGIS软件,基于亚洲地热数据库中热点资料,编制亚洲地热分布图。同时,绘制了亚洲3000m深度地温场略图及亚洲地温梯度略图。分析了影响地温分布的各控制因素及大地热流值与地质环境的关系；总结了亚洲地温、地温梯度及大地热流的分布特征。
第三部分根据地热资源形成的地质类型和赋存特征,将亚洲地热区分成现代火山型、隆起断裂型及沉积盆地型三大类。深入分析和研究了各类型地热资源在亚洲的分布,进一步深化了对地热资源形成的认识。
第四部分在充分了解运用BP网络进行多因素之间非线性关系的映射具有很大优势的前提下,引入BP网络对现代火山型和沉积盆地型地热资源的潜力进行评估。综合分析了影响火山型地热资源及沉积盆地型地热资源产生和利用的各种定性定量因素,选择主要的影响因素作为BP神经网络模型的输入。现代火山型地热选取的是：地层与岩性、构造特征、火山活动、地表热显示、水化学特征、地震活动、地温梯度及温泉温度8个因素；沉积盆地型地热选取的是：地层与岩性、构造特征、水动力学条件、水化学特征、地表热显示、地温梯度及大地热流、热水井(孔)信息(即1000m深度热水井的出水温度和流量)9个因素。以地热资源潜力为输出,建立了基于BP网络的地热资源潜力评估模型。
第五部分利用第四部分建立的模型评价了一些地区的地热资源潜力。
本文编制的亚洲地热分布图、亚洲3000m地温场图和亚洲地温梯度图,已通过中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所总项目组的验收,图件对了解亚洲地热资源的形成、分布具有重要的实际意义。本文充分利用Matlab神经网络工具箱(NNtool)的功能,建立了基于BP神经网络的地热潜力评估模型,并在实际应用中取得了良好的效果。本文将评价体系和人工神经网络理论结合起来,建立了一种评价地热潜力的新方法。
At present, the energy crisis and the environment pollution are two major problems which the humanity faces. As a member in the family of renewable energy source, the geothermal energy has great advantage than biological energy, wind energy, tidal power and so on. It is the practical energy source, also the enormous potential energy source. The total heat emitted by the earth to the ground is very large, but also very dispersive, and the energy used direct is quite limit. The production of geothermal has consanguineous internal relation to the happen, development, evolvement of lithosphere plate and the concomitant thermal situation, thermal history of the crust, especially, has direct relation to the tectonic stress field and thermal dynamic field. Therefore, it is very significant to understand producing principle of the geothermal source intensively, analyze every factors working on production and utilizing of the geothermal source, at last, and evaluate the geothermal potential of one area.
As the largest continent, the Asia has abundant geothermal source. The paper did researches on distribution of Asian geothermal resource based on following projects:The National Natural Science Fund "The research on THCB coupled transport mechanism of water source heat pump" (NO.40972172), The Project-sponsored by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (10dz1202300), The science and technology innovation item of overseas student in Jilin province, The Project Sponsored by the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry and China Geological Survey "The mapping of Aisan underground water resource and environmental geology". The paper discussed from five parts:the database of the Asian geothermal, the map of the Asia geothermal, the distribution of the Asia geothermal, the establishment of the evaluation model about the geothermal potential based on BP network and the model application.
Part 1:The specific task was to collect and collate the Asian hotspot data (including volcano, hot spring, and hot well). At the same time, the Asian terrestrial heat flow and geothermal gradient values in some areas were also collected. The last harvest was the database of the Asian geothermal.
Part 2:Based on above data, draw the map of the Asia geothermal source by MapGIS. Meantime, accomplish the map of ground temperature field in 3000 meters and the outline map of geothermal gradient. The factors influencing the distribution of ground temperature, the relation during terrestrial heat flow and geological environment were analyzed; the rough distribution of the Asian ground temperature and geothermal gradient were summed up.
Part 3:According to the geology types of the geothermal source's production and the occurrence properties, the Asian geothermal area was divided into three types, the modern volcano geothermal area, the crown failure geothermal area and the sedimentary basin geothermal area. The distribution of every type in Asian was analyzed and studied thoroughly, which further promoted the knowledge for production of geothermal source.
Part 4:On the premise that there was large advantage to apply BP network for representing the non-linear relation during several factors. The BP network was imported to evaluate the geothermal potential in modern volcano geothermal area and sedimentary basin geothermal area. The all qualitative and quantitative factors influencing geothermal production and utilization in modern volcano geothermal area and sedimentary basin geothermal area were analyzed synthetically, than the main factors were chosen to be import of BP network model. The factors chosen in modern volcano geothermal area were:stratum layer and rock character, structure feature, volcano movement, hot display in ground surface, hydrochemistry feature, earthquake movement, geothermal gradient and hot spring temperature; chosen in sedimentary basin geothermal area were:stratum layer and rock character, structure feature, hydrodynamic condition, hydrochemistry feature, hot display in ground surface, geothermal gradient, terrestrial heat flow and information of hot well(drill)(that is exit temperature and flow of hot well in 1000m depth).The export was the geothermal potential. Therefore, the evaluation model of the geothermal potential was established based on BP network.
Part 5:The geothermal potential in some areas was evaluated applying the models established in Part 4.
The distribution map of Asian geothermal resource, the map of Asian temperature field in 3000m and the map of Asian geothermal gradient in the paper have gotten acceptance by the institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, CGS. They will have momentous current significance to know the formation and distribution of Asian geothermal source. The Matlab NNtool was applied fully to establish the evaluation model of geothermal potential based on BP network. During actual applications, many progresses were made. The combination of evaluation system and ANNs aimed to explore a new method to evaluate the geothermal potential.
引文
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