内蒙古北山地区成矿信息提取技术及成矿预测研究
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摘要
内蒙古北山地区位于哈萨克斯坦板块与华北-塔里木板块的交接部位，区内古生代地层出露广泛，总体构造以近东西、北西向为主，岩浆作用强烈，具备大规模成矿的条件和潜力。由于区内自然条件艰苦，地质工作程度很低，加上近十几年找矿投入严重不足，致使大量找矿线索得不到进一步评价。因此，为实现内蒙古北山地区金属矿勘查的重大突破，有效缓解资源短缺，支持地区经济发展，在该区加强快速找矿评价方法研究具有重要的现实意义。
本论文充分收集了内蒙古北山地区黑鹰山、红柳大泉、六驮山、路井、石板井和五道明六幅1：20万的地质矿产标准图幅，1：5万(部分1：10万)的航磁数据和1：100万的重力数据，1：20万化探数据扫面中测定的8种化学元素以及遥感数据，同时在MapGis平台上进行数字化。对于物探数据，使用了先进的Geosoft软件进行了处理，除了重力布格异常、航磁化极异常、方向导数异常、相应的空间延拓异常，还应用了视磁化率填图、解析信号分析、梯级带滤波增强技术等数据处理方法，提取出与基性岩体、中酸性岩体有关的信息，圈定了多处磁性块体，对本区的深部构造、莫氏界面、基底起伏进行了分析研究。对Au、Ag、Cu、Cr、Mo、Ni、Pb、Zn等8种化学元素的化探数据进行了背景场和异常场的分离，确定了化探异常的空间分布。使用ENVI软件处理遥感图像，开展了遥感多光谱蚀变信息提取找矿研究，并划分了区内环形和线性构造。在区域地质成矿理论的指导下，使用MRAS矿产资源预测软件，利用“证据权”法进行了成矿预测，为内蒙古北山地区指出了金属矿产的找矿方向。论文取得的主要成果如下：
1．使用Geosoft软件处理区域重磁数据，首次根据重磁资料的地质解释，将本区划分为哈萨克斯坦板块东缘构造区和塔里木板块北缘两大Ⅰ级构造区以及6大Ⅱ级构造小区。推断划分北西向(近东西向)深大断裂构造带5条和北东向断裂构造7条。初步判断、圈定多处磁性块体，并区分出基性岩体、中酸性岩体的分布。
2．在MRAS矿产资源评价软件平台上确定地球化学8种主要元素的异常下限、均值、标准差，并进行了相关性分析和聚类分析。研究了主要元素的组合特征和分布趋势，划分出5个地球化学异常区和数处有价值的高值异常区(找矿靶区)。
3．使用ENVI软件处理多光谱卫星Aster数据，通过图像大气校正、遥感数据最大噪声分离、混合像元分解、矿物端元选取、比值法、特征主组分法、光谱角法、光谱特征拟合等诸多方法，系统提取了研究区铁氧化物、铝羟基类蚀变、黑云母、绿泥绿帘石类蚀变，针对重点研究区又提取了硅化、萤石化、云英岩化等蚀变信息。
4．在MapGis平台上建立了区域地质、化探、航磁和遥感蚀变信息数据库，利用这些多元信息，在MRAS矿产资源评价软件平台上展开了矿产资源综合信息成矿预测。在“证据权”法成矿预测的基础上，结合区域成矿规律，共圈出13个找矿靶区，为内蒙北山地区金属矿勘查指出了方向。
5．在对各类主要矿种成矿模式研究的基础上，提出找矿前景较大的矿种主要是铁、钼(铜)、钨(锡)、锑、金和铬。对铁矿床的寻找主攻方向是海底火山喷流沉积型，其次是矽卡岩型。钼(铜)矿床主攻方向是斑岩型。钨(锡)、锑矿床主攻方向是石英脉型和蚀变岩型。金矿主攻方向是石英脉型和蚀变岩型。铬铁矿主攻方向是镁质超基性岩浆晚期熔离型。
Beishan area, Inner-Mongolia is located in the joint between Kazakstan plate and NorthChina plate. Paleozoic layer distribute abroad and magma active violence so it have goodcondition and great potential for large metallogenesis. Many clues for prospecting in Beishan areacould not be used to actualize more appreciation due to hard natural surrounding and lower gradeof geology survey and shortage of prospecting financing. Hence, it have important realisticsignification to strengthen fast prospecting approach research because it can mitigate resourcesshortage effectively and support regional economy develop fleetly and it also can realize greatbreach for Inner-Mongolia's metallic mine prospecting.
Many multi-source geological data was collected in this research, these data include: 1:20000 standard mineral map sheet such as Heiyingshan,Hongliudaquan,Liutuoshan,Lujin,Shibanjinand Wudaoming,1:50 000(partial 1:100 000) aero magnetic data, 1:10 000 000 gravity data,1:20 0000 geochemical data about 8 kinds of element and remote sensing data. Whole these data wasdigitalized in MapGis software. For geophysical data, all data was processed in advancedgeophysical software-Geosoft. The process method include susceptibility mapping, analytic signaland grade flitter enhance method suppressed noise effectively and stand out useful information.By these methods, some information about basic rock and acidic rock was extracted and manymagnetic plates were also confirmed. The deep structure, Moho discontinuity and undulation ofbase were also be researched in this paper. Background field and anomaly field forAu,Ag,Cu,Cr,Mo,Ni,Pb and Zn were separated and the space distribution of geochemicalanomalies were confirmed. The prospecting alternation information extract from multi-spectrumremote sensing were carry out based on image process in ENVI software and circle wisedstructure and lineal structure in research area were plot out. Under the guide of regional geologicalmetallogenic theory, the "evidence weight method" was used to metallogenic prognosis in mineralresources forecast software-MRAS.The forecast result point out the direction for metallic mineprospecting in Beishan area,Inner-Mongolia. The main production of this paper as follows:
1. Regional gravity and magnetic dada were processed in Geosoft software, the research areawas divided into 2 bigⅠstructure area and 6Ⅱstructure area among east edgestructure area of Kazakstan plate and north edge of Talimu plate based on the geologicalinterpret ion from gravity and magnetic data. 5 deep west north (east west) faults and 7 eastnorth faults were inferred. Many magnetic plates were estimated primarily and distribution ofbasic rock and acidic rock were distinguished.
2. On the mineral resource forecast software MRAS, anomaly lower limit, average, STDEV of8 kinds of geochemical element were confirmed and their correlation and clusteringrelationship were also be analyzed. Combination character and distributional trend of mainelement were researched and 5 high concentration anomalies and several valuable highanomalies were distinguished.
3. ENVI software was utilized to process multi-spectrum satellite Aster data. The processmethod include Spectral feature fitting, Spectral fitting filtering, Multi-Range SFF, radiomethod, Maximum Noise Fraction and so on. By these method, some kinds of alternationinformation include iron oxide and hydroxide and biotite and epidote were extracted from multi-spectrum information and contraposed key research area some other alternationinformation include silification and fluorite and greisenization were also be extracted.
4. A multi-source geological information spatial database and attribute database was built basedon MAPGIS software and it realized synthetical management effectively for complexgeological data of Beishan. On the mineral resource forecast software -MARS, syntheticalinformation forecast was completed by utilized this multi-sources information. On the basisof "evidence weight method",integrated with regional metallogenic rules, 13 target forprospecting were confrmed and this result point out the direction for metallic prospectingof Beishan,Inner-Mogolia.
5. One the basis of metallogenic pattern research for all main kinds of metallic mine, themain mine type that have good foreground for prospecting in Beishan area are iron ore,molybdenum(copper), tungsten(stannum), antimony, golden and chrome. The mainprospecting direction for iron mine are submarine plume deposit type and skam type,for molybdenum(copper) is porphyry type,for ungsten(stannum) and antimony are quartzesvein type and alternation rock type, for golden is also quartzes vein type and alternationrock type, for chrome iron is ultrabasic magmatic fusion separated type.
本论文充分收集了内蒙古北山地区黑鹰山、红柳大泉、六驮山、路井、石板井和五道明六幅1：20万的地质矿产标准图幅，1：5万(部分1：10万)的航磁数据和1：100万的重力数据，1：20万化探数据扫面中测定的8种化学元素以及遥感数据，同时在MapGis平台上进行数字化。对于物探数据，使用了先进的Geosoft软件进行了处理，除了重力布格异常、航磁化极异常、方向导数异常、相应的空间延拓异常，还应用了视磁化率填图、解析信号分析、梯级带滤波增强技术等数据处理方法，提取出与基性岩体、中酸性岩体有关的信息，圈定了多处磁性块体，对本区的深部构造、莫氏界面、基底起伏进行了分析研究。对Au、Ag、Cu、Cr、Mo、Ni、Pb、Zn等8种化学元素的化探数据进行了背景场和异常场的分离，确定了化探异常的空间分布。使用ENVI软件处理遥感图像，开展了遥感多光谱蚀变信息提取找矿研究，并划分了区内环形和线性构造。在区域地质成矿理论的指导下，使用MRAS矿产资源预测软件，利用“证据权”法进行了成矿预测，为内蒙古北山地区指出了金属矿产的找矿方向。论文取得的主要成果如下：
1．使用Geosoft软件处理区域重磁数据，首次根据重磁资料的地质解释，将本区划分为哈萨克斯坦板块东缘构造区和塔里木板块北缘两大Ⅰ级构造区以及6大Ⅱ级构造小区。推断划分北西向(近东西向)深大断裂构造带5条和北东向断裂构造7条。初步判断、圈定多处磁性块体，并区分出基性岩体、中酸性岩体的分布。
2．在MRAS矿产资源评价软件平台上确定地球化学8种主要元素的异常下限、均值、标准差，并进行了相关性分析和聚类分析。研究了主要元素的组合特征和分布趋势，划分出5个地球化学异常区和数处有价值的高值异常区(找矿靶区)。
3．使用ENVI软件处理多光谱卫星Aster数据，通过图像大气校正、遥感数据最大噪声分离、混合像元分解、矿物端元选取、比值法、特征主组分法、光谱角法、光谱特征拟合等诸多方法，系统提取了研究区铁氧化物、铝羟基类蚀变、黑云母、绿泥绿帘石类蚀变，针对重点研究区又提取了硅化、萤石化、云英岩化等蚀变信息。
4．在MapGis平台上建立了区域地质、化探、航磁和遥感蚀变信息数据库，利用这些多元信息，在MRAS矿产资源评价软件平台上展开了矿产资源综合信息成矿预测。在“证据权”法成矿预测的基础上，结合区域成矿规律，共圈出13个找矿靶区，为内蒙北山地区金属矿勘查指出了方向。
5．在对各类主要矿种成矿模式研究的基础上，提出找矿前景较大的矿种主要是铁、钼(铜)、钨(锡)、锑、金和铬。对铁矿床的寻找主攻方向是海底火山喷流沉积型，其次是矽卡岩型。钼(铜)矿床主攻方向是斑岩型。钨(锡)、锑矿床主攻方向是石英脉型和蚀变岩型。金矿主攻方向是石英脉型和蚀变岩型。铬铁矿主攻方向是镁质超基性岩浆晚期熔离型。
Beishan area, Inner-Mongolia is located in the joint between Kazakstan plate and NorthChina plate. Paleozoic layer distribute abroad and magma active violence so it have goodcondition and great potential for large metallogenesis. Many clues for prospecting in Beishan areacould not be used to actualize more appreciation due to hard natural surrounding and lower gradeof geology survey and shortage of prospecting financing. Hence, it have important realisticsignification to strengthen fast prospecting approach research because it can mitigate resourcesshortage effectively and support regional economy develop fleetly and it also can realize greatbreach for Inner-Mongolia's metallic mine prospecting.
Many multi-source geological data was collected in this research, these data include: 1:20000 standard mineral map sheet such as Heiyingshan,Hongliudaquan,Liutuoshan,Lujin,Shibanjinand Wudaoming,1:50 000(partial 1:100 000) aero magnetic data, 1:10 000 000 gravity data,1:20 0000 geochemical data about 8 kinds of element and remote sensing data. Whole these data wasdigitalized in MapGis software. For geophysical data, all data was processed in advancedgeophysical software-Geosoft. The process method include susceptibility mapping, analytic signaland grade flitter enhance method suppressed noise effectively and stand out useful information.By these methods, some information about basic rock and acidic rock was extracted and manymagnetic plates were also confirmed. The deep structure, Moho discontinuity and undulation ofbase were also be researched in this paper. Background field and anomaly field forAu,Ag,Cu,Cr,Mo,Ni,Pb and Zn were separated and the space distribution of geochemicalanomalies were confirmed. The prospecting alternation information extract from multi-spectrumremote sensing were carry out based on image process in ENVI software and circle wisedstructure and lineal structure in research area were plot out. Under the guide of regional geologicalmetallogenic theory, the "evidence weight method" was used to metallogenic prognosis in mineralresources forecast software-MRAS.The forecast result point out the direction for metallic mineprospecting in Beishan area,Inner-Mongolia. The main production of this paper as follows:
1. Regional gravity and magnetic dada were processed in Geosoft software, the research areawas divided into 2 bigⅠstructure area and 6Ⅱstructure area among east edgestructure area of Kazakstan plate and north edge of Talimu plate based on the geologicalinterpret ion from gravity and magnetic data. 5 deep west north (east west) faults and 7 eastnorth faults were inferred. Many magnetic plates were estimated primarily and distribution ofbasic rock and acidic rock were distinguished.
2. On the mineral resource forecast software MRAS, anomaly lower limit, average, STDEV of8 kinds of geochemical element were confirmed and their correlation and clusteringrelationship were also be analyzed. Combination character and distributional trend of mainelement were researched and 5 high concentration anomalies and several valuable highanomalies were distinguished.
3. ENVI software was utilized to process multi-spectrum satellite Aster data. The processmethod include Spectral feature fitting, Spectral fitting filtering, Multi-Range SFF, radiomethod, Maximum Noise Fraction and so on. By these method, some kinds of alternationinformation include iron oxide and hydroxide and biotite and epidote were extracted from multi-spectrum information and contraposed key research area some other alternationinformation include silification and fluorite and greisenization were also be extracted.
4. A multi-source geological information spatial database and attribute database was built basedon MAPGIS software and it realized synthetical management effectively for complexgeological data of Beishan. On the mineral resource forecast software -MARS, syntheticalinformation forecast was completed by utilized this multi-sources information. On the basisof "evidence weight method",integrated with regional metallogenic rules, 13 target forprospecting were confrmed and this result point out the direction for metallic prospectingof Beishan,Inner-Mogolia.
5. One the basis of metallogenic pattern research for all main kinds of metallic mine, themain mine type that have good foreground for prospecting in Beishan area are iron ore,molybdenum(copper), tungsten(stannum), antimony, golden and chrome. The mainprospecting direction for iron mine are submarine plume deposit type and skam type,for molybdenum(copper) is porphyry type,for ungsten(stannum) and antimony are quartzesvein type and alternation rock type, for golden is also quartzes vein type and alternationrock type, for chrome iron is ultrabasic magmatic fusion separated type.
引文
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