城市大型文化建筑交通影响分析研究
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摘要
目前,我国社会经济高速发展,城市建设的步伐日渐加快,建设或改造项目使城市交通问题更加复杂。如何从土地利用与交通规划的相互关系出发,预测建设项目吸引的交通量,最大限度地减轻建设项目对城市交通的影响,已经成为城市规划中一个极具潜力的研究方向。随着GIS技术的实用性不断提高,GIS在交通领域发挥着愈加重要的辅助作用。因此,GIS应用于建设项目的交通影响分析可以更加有效的协调土地利用与城市交通系统的互动关系。
本文对城市大型文化建筑的交通影响分析进行了研究。在归纳总结现有建设项目交通影响分析方法的基础上,剖析了大型文化建筑交通影响特点,提出了适合大型文化建筑的交通影响分析的方法：利用项目规模阈值判断项目是否需要进行交通影响分析；改进现有的研究范围确定方法,得到了基于区位和最远出行距离的研究范围判定方法；依据大型文化建筑产生的交通量在特定时间段具有“聚集”或“发散”的特点,沿用并改进了传统的“四阶段”预测方法,整合交通分布和交通分配,用基于路径总阻抗的多路径非均衡分配模型把非公交交通量分配到各个线路上。
本文选择长沙市“两馆一厅”大型文化建筑群作为实例研究对象,结合GIS软件将研究区域数据进行可视化,将大型文化建筑的交通影响分析方法应用于研究实例。分析得出项目建成后对周边道路和交叉口等交通设施的影响程度,并提出改善措施和建议。
论文的研究成果对于即将运营的“两馆一厅”周边的交通管理与规划具有一定的实际意义,同时对于城市的其它大型文化建筑的选址和周边交通组织管理具有参考和借鉴作用,并且表明GIS技术有助于高效解决交通问题。
Nowadays, along with economic development and social progress, the pace of urban development projects have been speed up, projects of construction or renovation make urban problem of transport become more complicated. How to forecast induced traffic of project from the relationship between land use and transport planning has become a large potential research direction in the city planning. GIS plays more and more important supplementary role in transport because of improvement of GIS. Therefore, GIS applied to the traffic impact analysis can coordinate the relation between land use and urban transport system more effectively.
This paper has made a study of traffic impact analysis (TIA) about the large cultural building. On the basis of summarizing the way the existing research methods, traffic impact features of the large cultural building have been introduced, and the means of traffic impact analysis about the large cultural building has been put forward:the author used the threshold based on the scale of construction project to determine whether carry on traffic impact analysis; improved the existing research methods on the influence scope, gained the determination of traffic incidence based on location and the most trip distance; the traffic flow brought by the large cultural building has the features of "conglomeration" and "radiation", so the paper inosculated traffic distribution and traffic assignment, used the multi-path nonequilibrium assignment model based on path total impedance to assign the non-public flow to each line.
The paper choose the large cultural buildings "tow halls and one odeum" of Changsha as object of study, visualized the data by uniting the software of GIS, applied the methods of TIA about large cultural building to analyse traffic impact. The impact of road and crossroad has been obtained, and improvement measures and proposals have been brought forward.
The research findings possess the actual meaning, which can offer foundation of circumjacent transportation management and design of "tow halls and one odeum". At the same time, it has positive influence on the location of other large cultural building and the management of circumjacent transportation, furthermore, it shows that GIS can help governor solve the traffic problems efficiently.
本文对城市大型文化建筑的交通影响分析进行了研究。在归纳总结现有建设项目交通影响分析方法的基础上,剖析了大型文化建筑交通影响特点,提出了适合大型文化建筑的交通影响分析的方法：利用项目规模阈值判断项目是否需要进行交通影响分析；改进现有的研究范围确定方法,得到了基于区位和最远出行距离的研究范围判定方法；依据大型文化建筑产生的交通量在特定时间段具有“聚集”或“发散”的特点,沿用并改进了传统的“四阶段”预测方法,整合交通分布和交通分配,用基于路径总阻抗的多路径非均衡分配模型把非公交交通量分配到各个线路上。
本文选择长沙市“两馆一厅”大型文化建筑群作为实例研究对象,结合GIS软件将研究区域数据进行可视化,将大型文化建筑的交通影响分析方法应用于研究实例。分析得出项目建成后对周边道路和交叉口等交通设施的影响程度,并提出改善措施和建议。
论文的研究成果对于即将运营的“两馆一厅”周边的交通管理与规划具有一定的实际意义,同时对于城市的其它大型文化建筑的选址和周边交通组织管理具有参考和借鉴作用,并且表明GIS技术有助于高效解决交通问题。
Nowadays, along with economic development and social progress, the pace of urban development projects have been speed up, projects of construction or renovation make urban problem of transport become more complicated. How to forecast induced traffic of project from the relationship between land use and transport planning has become a large potential research direction in the city planning. GIS plays more and more important supplementary role in transport because of improvement of GIS. Therefore, GIS applied to the traffic impact analysis can coordinate the relation between land use and urban transport system more effectively.
This paper has made a study of traffic impact analysis (TIA) about the large cultural building. On the basis of summarizing the way the existing research methods, traffic impact features of the large cultural building have been introduced, and the means of traffic impact analysis about the large cultural building has been put forward:the author used the threshold based on the scale of construction project to determine whether carry on traffic impact analysis; improved the existing research methods on the influence scope, gained the determination of traffic incidence based on location and the most trip distance; the traffic flow brought by the large cultural building has the features of "conglomeration" and "radiation", so the paper inosculated traffic distribution and traffic assignment, used the multi-path nonequilibrium assignment model based on path total impedance to assign the non-public flow to each line.
The paper choose the large cultural buildings "tow halls and one odeum" of Changsha as object of study, visualized the data by uniting the software of GIS, applied the methods of TIA about large cultural building to analyse traffic impact. The impact of road and crossroad has been obtained, and improvement measures and proposals have been brought forward.
The research findings possess the actual meaning, which can offer foundation of circumjacent transportation management and design of "tow halls and one odeum". At the same time, it has positive influence on the location of other large cultural building and the management of circumjacent transportation, furthermore, it shows that GIS can help governor solve the traffic problems efficiently.
引文
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[2]洪英.地理信息系统在交通规划中的应用研究[D].江苏南京：南京林业大学,2003.
[3]Waters N.M. Geographic Information Systems:Principles,Techniques, Management and Its Applications [A]. Geography Information System Part4: Application[C],2005:827-841.
[4]张小文,刘勇等.交通地理信息系统的类型、方法及应用初探[J].遥感技术与应用,2001,17(6)：344-351.
[5]刘晓青,王铁成.交通地理信息系统、全球卫星定位和互联网等技术在智能交通中的应用尝试[J].综合运输,2000(4)：11-16.
[6]史其信.21世纪的智能交通系统ITS(上)[J].交通世界,2001(2-3)：62-65.
[7]史其信.21世纪的智能交通系统ITS(下)[J].交通世界,2001(4)：30-33.
[8]何兴燕.基于ArcEngine的福州市道路交通地理信息系统设计与实现[D].福建福州：福建师范大学,2008.
[9]FDOP. Site Impact Handbook. Florida Department of Transportation[S]. Tallahassee, Florida:1997.
[10]Xinhao Wang. Integrating GIS, simulation models, and visualization in traffic impact analysis[J]. Computers, Environment and Uban Systems,2005,29(4):471-496.
[11]Dey S.S., Fricker J.D..Traffic Impact Analysis and Impact Fees in State Departments of Transportation[J]. ITE Journal,1994,64(5):39-44.
[12]City Of Kirkland Traffic Impact Analysis Guidelines[S]. SEPA Road Impact Fees-Concurrency.2001.
[13]Transportation Research Board. Impacts of Access Management Techniques [A]. National Cooperative Highway Research Program Report Number 420 [C]. Washington, D.C.1999.
[14]Yao Zhisheng, Shao Chunfu. A Discussion on Traffic Impact Analysis of Urban Construction Projects[J]. Communication and Transportation System Engineer and Information Technology,2004,4(3):60-64. Research Board Special Report 209. Washington[C], D.C.1994.
[15]黄肇义,范炳全.美国的交通影响费政策及实例[J].国外公路,1999,19(2)：39-44.
[16]赵童,蒲琪.国内外几种交通影响分析理论与方法的比较分析[J].规划与方案,2000,3(1)：51-53.
[17]J.C.Golias. Analysis of Traffic Corridor Impact from the Introduction of the New Athens Metro System[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2002,10(2):91-97.
[18]过秀成.建设项目交通影响分析[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2008：1-148.
[19]邹哲.建设项目的交通影响分析方法[J].天津建设科技,1997,27(3)：1-5.
[20]刘国强.城市土地利用与城市交通研究[D].陕西西安：西安建筑科技大学,2003.
[21]罗志忠.基于土地利用的城市交通需求分析研究[D].陕西西安：长安大学,2006.
[22]邵德华.土地利用与城市交通互动机制探析[J].城市交通,2002,(3)：32-35.
[23]毛蒋兴,阎小培.我国城市交通系统与土地利用互动关系研究述评[J].城市规划汇刊,2002,140(4)：34-37.
[24]毛蒋兴,阎小培.城市土地利用模式与城市交通模式关系研究[J].规划师,2002,18(7)：69-72.
[25]Thomas Silverston, Olivier Fourmaux, Alessio Botta et al. Traffic Analysis of Peer-to-Peer IP TV Communities[J]. Computer Network,2009,53(4):470-484.
[26]陆化普等.城市交通规划理论与方法[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1998：5-18.
[27]中国公路学会《交通工程手册》编委会.交通工程手册[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2001：95-317.
[28]陈江渝,王贤.关于体育场馆交通影响分析探讨[J].公路交通科技,2006,23(3)：146-150.
[29]龚星星,刘东兴,何继武.大型公共建筑的交通规划方法[J].武汉理工大学学报,2002,26(5)：653-655.
[30]戴继锋,陆化普,唐忠华.旅游项目交通影响分析方法研究[J].公路交通科技,2003,20(4)：67-70.
[31]同济大学.交通影响分析编制指南[EB]. http://bbs.tranbbs.com/index.2006.
[32]易汉文.场所开发交通影响分析[J].国外城市规划,2001,(4)：32-34.
[33]河北省公安交通管理局.大型建设项目交通影响评价方法研究总报告[Z].科技攻关计划项目,2007：34-57.
[34]王根城.大城市区域交通影响分析方法研究[D].北京：北京工业大学,2007.
[35]Tina Wagner. Regional Traffic Impacts of Logistics-related Land Use[J]. Transport Policy,2010,17(4):224-229.
[36]张毅.城市建设项目交通影响分析若干问题研究[D].上海：上海交通大学,2008.
[37]Amit Sinha, Kenneth Mitchell, Deep Medhi. Network Game Traffic:A Broadband Access Perspective[J]. Computers Networks,2005,49(1):71-83.
[38]The Institute of Highways and Transportation. Guidelines for Traffic Impact Assement[S].1994.
[39]北京市规划委员.关于对部分新建项目进行交通影响评价的通知[S].北京市建设项目交通影响评价准则和要求,2001-10-16.
[40]上海市城市规划管理局.上海市建设项目交通影响评价规划管理暂行规定[S].2006-7-12.
[41]长沙市规划管理局.关于对大中型建设项目进行交通影响评价的通知[S].2005-10-8.
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