网格环境下城市三维空间数据的集成访问与互操作
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摘要
传统的二维地理信息系统对空间信息的展现是比较抽象的,无法满足人们利用空间信息对现实世界认识和改造的需求。三维GIS能够更加直观的展示空间信息,随着网络技术、存储技术、虚拟现实等计算机技术的不断发展,采用三维表现形式来描述认知对象成为可能。同时,GIS从二维到三维的发展也面临着数据量的急剧增大,数据结构极其复杂、三维空间数据的有效共享和互操作等众多问题。网格技术的出现为解决以上问题提供了新的途径,为三维数字城市的架构实现提供了技术支持。本文在对网格技术、三维GIS技术、CityGML规范进行深入分析的基础上,针对城市三维空间数据在网格环境下的集成访问与互操作等问题,进行了探索性研究,主要研究工作和成果如下：
1)通过对网格技术的相关概念、支撑技术和体系结构的研究,针对城市三维空间数据结构复杂、数据量大的特点,基于WSRF (Web月报务资源框架)体系框架提出了一种面向城市三维空间服务的网格体系结构。
2)论述了OGC标准和针对数字城市所提出的CityGML规范,在SOAP消息包的基础上设计了一种基于CityGML规范的城市三维数据流传输方式,以网格服务的形式提供城市三维空间数据在网格环境下的互操作方法。
3)在分析CityGML规范及其各模块特性的基础上,结合Oracle Spatial空间数据库设计了一种基于CityGML的城市三维空间数据库。
4)基于Globus Toolkit网格工具,搭建了城市三维空间信息网格平台原型系统,通过创建CityGML_Import与CityGML_Export两个网格服务实现CityGML文档到Oracle Spatial空间数据之间的相互转换与互操作。
The spatial information presented by the traditional two-dimensional geographic information system is more abstract, which is unable to satisfy the needs of people who want to use the spatial information to understand and reconstruct the actual world.3D GIS can display the spatial information more intuitively. With the development of network technology, storage technology, virtual reality and the other computer technology, using three-dimensional form to describe the cognitive object becomes possible. Meanwhile, GIS development from 2D to 3D is also faced with many problems, such as sharp increase of spatial data, the extremely complex of data structure and effective sharing and interoperability of 3D spatial data. The emergence of grid technology provides a new approach to solve these problems, and provides technical support to implement the architecture of 3D digital city. This paper based on the analysis of grid technology, CityGML specification and 3D GIS technology, carries out the exploratory research to the problems of access integration and interoperability of 3D urban data in grid environment. The main research work and achievement as follows:
1) Through the study on the related concepts, enabling technologies and the architectures of grid technology, for the complex data structure and large volumes of urban 3D spatial data, this paper proposed a new grid architecture suitable to the 3D urban spatial service based on the WSRF (Web service resources framework) framework.
2) Discussed the OGC standards and the CityGML specification to the digital city proposed by Open Geospatial Consortium, designed a kind of urban 3D data stream transmission mode based on the CityGML standards and SOAP message package, and provided the 3D urban spatial data interoperability methods in grid environment in the form of grid services.
3) According to CityGML specification and its'properties of each modules, designed the 3D urban spatial database based on CityGML and Oracle Spatial database.
4) Built the prototype system for the 3D cities information grid platform based on the Globus Toolkit, by creating CityGML_Import and CityGML_Export grid services to achieve the conversion and interoperability between the Oracle Spatial data and CityGML document.
1)通过对网格技术的相关概念、支撑技术和体系结构的研究,针对城市三维空间数据结构复杂、数据量大的特点,基于WSRF (Web月报务资源框架)体系框架提出了一种面向城市三维空间服务的网格体系结构。
2)论述了OGC标准和针对数字城市所提出的CityGML规范,在SOAP消息包的基础上设计了一种基于CityGML规范的城市三维数据流传输方式,以网格服务的形式提供城市三维空间数据在网格环境下的互操作方法。
3)在分析CityGML规范及其各模块特性的基础上,结合Oracle Spatial空间数据库设计了一种基于CityGML的城市三维空间数据库。
4)基于Globus Toolkit网格工具,搭建了城市三维空间信息网格平台原型系统,通过创建CityGML_Import与CityGML_Export两个网格服务实现CityGML文档到Oracle Spatial空间数据之间的相互转换与互操作。
The spatial information presented by the traditional two-dimensional geographic information system is more abstract, which is unable to satisfy the needs of people who want to use the spatial information to understand and reconstruct the actual world.3D GIS can display the spatial information more intuitively. With the development of network technology, storage technology, virtual reality and the other computer technology, using three-dimensional form to describe the cognitive object becomes possible. Meanwhile, GIS development from 2D to 3D is also faced with many problems, such as sharp increase of spatial data, the extremely complex of data structure and effective sharing and interoperability of 3D spatial data. The emergence of grid technology provides a new approach to solve these problems, and provides technical support to implement the architecture of 3D digital city. This paper based on the analysis of grid technology, CityGML specification and 3D GIS technology, carries out the exploratory research to the problems of access integration and interoperability of 3D urban data in grid environment. The main research work and achievement as follows:
1) Through the study on the related concepts, enabling technologies and the architectures of grid technology, for the complex data structure and large volumes of urban 3D spatial data, this paper proposed a new grid architecture suitable to the 3D urban spatial service based on the WSRF (Web service resources framework) framework.
2) Discussed the OGC standards and the CityGML specification to the digital city proposed by Open Geospatial Consortium, designed a kind of urban 3D data stream transmission mode based on the CityGML standards and SOAP message package, and provided the 3D urban spatial data interoperability methods in grid environment in the form of grid services.
3) According to CityGML specification and its'properties of each modules, designed the 3D urban spatial database based on CityGML and Oracle Spatial database.
4) Built the prototype system for the 3D cities information grid platform based on the Globus Toolkit, by creating CityGML_Import and CityGML_Export grid services to achieve the conversion and interoperability between the Oracle Spatial data and CityGML document.
引文
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2.承继成,王宏伟,林珲,李琦,等.走向城市信息化时代—数字城市的理论、方法和应应用[M].北京：中国城市出版社,2001.
3. 朱庆,林珲.数码城市地理信息系统[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2004.
4. 朱庆,李德仁,龚健雅,熊汉江.数码城市GIS的设计与实现[J].武汉大学学报信息科学版,200,26(1)：8-17.
5.邬伦,刘瑜,张晶,等.地理信息系统—原理、方法和应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2001.
6.朱庆,林晖.数码城市地理信息系统—虚拟城市环境中的三维城市模型初探[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2004.
7. Gerhard Groger, Thomas H. Kolbe, Angela Czerwinski, Claus Nagel. City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) Encoding Standard[EB/OL]. http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/citygml,2008-8-20.
8.徐志伟,冯百明,李伟.网格计算技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004.
9.夏曙东,李琦,承继成.格网技术对地理信息系统应用与发展影响的分析[J].地球信息科学,2003,(4)：53-56.
10.金宝轩.网格计算环境下的3维空间信息应用研究[D].武汉大学博士论文,2005.
11.李德仁.论广义空间信息网格和狭义空间信息网格[J].遥感学报.2005,9(5),513-520.
12.李成明,王继周,马照亭.数字城市三维地理空间框架原理与方法[M].科学出版社.2008.
13.朱庆.3维地理信息系统技术综述[J].地理信息世界.2004,2(3)：8-12.
14. X.Nong, F.Wei. SDPG:spatial data processing grid[J]. Journal of Computer Science and Technology,2003,18(4):523-531.
15.郁志辉,陈渝,刘鹏.网格计算[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002.
16.李德仁,邵振峰.论新地理信息时代[J].中国科学F辑：信息科学.2009,39(6)：579-587.
17. Ian Foster, Carl Kesselman. The Grid 2:Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure[M]. Morgan Kaufmann. November 18,2003.
18. IBM. Direct Internet Message Encapsulation[EB/OL]. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/webservices/ws-dime/index.html.2003.
19. Martin Gudgin, Marc Hadley, Noah Mendelsohn, et al. SOAP Specifications[EB/OL]. http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-partl/.2007.
20.林绍福,李琦.数字城市：创建21世纪的智能服务平台[J].计算机科学.2002,(7)：22-26.
21. Open Geospatial Consortium. The OGC Abstract Specification[EB/OL]. http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/as.2005.
22. Chang-Tien Lu, Raimundo F.Dos Santos Jr, Lakshmi, N.Sripada, et al. Advances in GML for Geospatial Ap-plications[J]. Geoinformatica,2007, (11).
23. Open Geospatial Consortium. Geography Markup Language (GML) Encoding Standard[EB/OL]. http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/.2007.
24. Thomas H. Kolbe, Gerhard Konig, Claus Nagel, Alexandra Stadler.3D-Geo-Database for CityGML Documentation[EB/OL]. http://www.ikg.uni-bonn.de/index.php?id=253. 2009.4.24.
25.陈述彭,鲁学军,周成虎.地理信息系统导论[M].北京：科学出版社.2000.
26. Borja Sotomayor, Lisa Childers. Globus Toolkit 4:Programming Java Services[M]. Morgan Kaufmann. December 16,2005.
27.李德仁,朱欣焰,龚健雅.论文空间信息多级网格及其典型应用[J].武汉大学学报：信息科学版,2004,29(11)：945-950.
28.于雷易.基于空间数据网格的空间数据共享技术研究[D].武汉大学博士论文,2004.
29.沈占锋,骆剑承,蔡少华,等.网格GIS的应用架构及关键技术[J].地球信息科学,2003,(4)：57-62.
30.姜永发,闾国年.网格计算与Grid GIS体系结构与关键技术探讨[J].测绘科学.2005,30(4)：16-19.
31.桂林.空间信息网格的体系结构与关键技术研究[J].武汉理工大学学报：信息与管理工程版,2005,27(3)：13-16.
32.李志林,朱庆.数字高程模型(第二版)[M].武汉：武汉大学出版社,2003.
33.王方雄.从GISystem到GIService:GISystem发展的必然趋势[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2004(4)：528-532.
34.李清泉.基于混合结构的3DGIS数据模型与空间分析研究[D].武汉测绘科技大学博士学位论文,1998.
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