ArcGIS环境下居民地属性综合的研究
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摘要
地理信息系统就是通过建立空间数据和属性数据之间的联系，来实现图文互动以及强大的空间查询和分析功能。空间数据和属性数据之间是相互联系、相互影响的关系。一方面，制图综合后，空间目标发生了变化，相应的属性也会发生变化。另一方面，基于属性信息的几何目标的综合算法过程会使空间目标的综合结果更符合实际，同时也能提高综合效率。
论文首先分析了ArcGIS系统提供的地图综合功能及其应用。基于ArcGIS的Simplify Buildings、Find Building Conflicts以及Elimination等综合功能和SQL语言完成了建筑物的简化、冲突建筑物的搜寻和小面积居民地的消除。给出了ArcGIS环境下居民地综合的应用实例。实例表明应用上述几项综合功能，可以对整幅地图进行居民地综合，对实际应用具有一定的指导作用，但在操作过程中也发现了一些问题，如在建筑物简化操作中因为利用不同的容限值对居民地进行简化，将会得到不同的简化效果，所以最佳容限值不容易确定。
其次研究了如何基于居民地的属性信息，利用模糊多层次综合评判模型判定居民地取舍及居民地属性邻近程度。在ArcGIS环境下，利用VB编程语言开发了程序，通过在ArcGIS的菜单中嵌入一个UIButtonControl，利用算法实现了自动确定出待综合居民地应与周围哪个居民地目标进行合并的操作，并给出了具体操作实例。实例表明该方法是可行的。
最后，总结了论文全文，给出了研究结论以及研究中存在的不足和进一步研究问题的建议。
Through linking spatial data and attributive data, not only can GIS carry out the interaction of graphs and words, but also it can carry out the powerful functions of spatial query and spatial analysis. Spatial data and attribute data are contact and affect each other. On the one hand, after map generalization, spatial objects have been changed, certainly their attributes have been changed correspondingly. On the other hand, by bringing the function of attribute in generalization into play, we can make the results better and more practical, and can improve efficiency.
This article analyzes the function of generalizing methods in ArcGIS and the application firstly. Moreover, based on the general function of simplify buildings, find building conflicts and elimination in ArcGIS, this article have simplified city settlements, found out the conflicts of city settlements and have eliminated city settlements together with SQL. Furthermore, the author gives the example of generalization in ArcGIS. The example indicates that the function of above generalization can generalization all the city settlements in one map, and indicates that it have the function of guidance to the reality. But in the process of operation, some problems have been discovered. For example, in the operation of simplify buildings, different tolerance corresponding to different result, so it is difficult to confirm the best tolerance.
Secondly, on the basis of attributes of city settlements, the author studies how to judge the instance of acceptance or rejection and the character of neighborhood of city settlements by use of the model of fuzzy and multi-arrangement comprehensive evaluation. By the way, the author embeds a UIButtonControl in the menu of ArcGIS and makes use of VB to carry out the evaluation, then gives an example of the operation. The example shows that this method is feasible.
Finally, the author draws a conclusion and at the same time points out the deficiency and designation of what we should go on to do in future in this thesis.
论文首先分析了ArcGIS系统提供的地图综合功能及其应用。基于ArcGIS的Simplify Buildings、Find Building Conflicts以及Elimination等综合功能和SQL语言完成了建筑物的简化、冲突建筑物的搜寻和小面积居民地的消除。给出了ArcGIS环境下居民地综合的应用实例。实例表明应用上述几项综合功能，可以对整幅地图进行居民地综合，对实际应用具有一定的指导作用，但在操作过程中也发现了一些问题，如在建筑物简化操作中因为利用不同的容限值对居民地进行简化，将会得到不同的简化效果，所以最佳容限值不容易确定。
其次研究了如何基于居民地的属性信息，利用模糊多层次综合评判模型判定居民地取舍及居民地属性邻近程度。在ArcGIS环境下，利用VB编程语言开发了程序，通过在ArcGIS的菜单中嵌入一个UIButtonControl，利用算法实现了自动确定出待综合居民地应与周围哪个居民地目标进行合并的操作，并给出了具体操作实例。实例表明该方法是可行的。
最后，总结了论文全文，给出了研究结论以及研究中存在的不足和进一步研究问题的建议。
Through linking spatial data and attributive data, not only can GIS carry out the interaction of graphs and words, but also it can carry out the powerful functions of spatial query and spatial analysis. Spatial data and attribute data are contact and affect each other. On the one hand, after map generalization, spatial objects have been changed, certainly their attributes have been changed correspondingly. On the other hand, by bringing the function of attribute in generalization into play, we can make the results better and more practical, and can improve efficiency.
This article analyzes the function of generalizing methods in ArcGIS and the application firstly. Moreover, based on the general function of simplify buildings, find building conflicts and elimination in ArcGIS, this article have simplified city settlements, found out the conflicts of city settlements and have eliminated city settlements together with SQL. Furthermore, the author gives the example of generalization in ArcGIS. The example indicates that the function of above generalization can generalization all the city settlements in one map, and indicates that it have the function of guidance to the reality. But in the process of operation, some problems have been discovered. For example, in the operation of simplify buildings, different tolerance corresponding to different result, so it is difficult to confirm the best tolerance.
Secondly, on the basis of attributes of city settlements, the author studies how to judge the instance of acceptance or rejection and the character of neighborhood of city settlements by use of the model of fuzzy and multi-arrangement comprehensive evaluation. By the way, the author embeds a UIButtonControl in the menu of ArcGIS and makes use of VB to carry out the evaluation, then gives an example of the operation. The example shows that this method is feasible.
Finally, the author draws a conclusion and at the same time points out the deficiency and designation of what we should go on to do in future in this thesis.
引文
[1] 齐清文，潘安敏，智能化制图综合在GIS环境下的实现方法研究，地理科学进展，1998，17(2)，15-21
[2] 王光霞，用专家系统技术实施居民地自动综合，[硕士论文]，河南，解放军测绘学院，1994
[3] 姚兴海，何建华，马成明，马永斌，地形绘图疵病一百例，测绘出版社，2000
[4] 王辉连，居民地自动综合智能方法研究，[硕士论文]，河南，解放军信息工程大学，2005
[5] 武芳，协同式地图自动综合的研究与实践，[博士论文]，河南，解放军测绘学院，2000
[6] Douglas D.H. & Peucker T.K.Algorithms for the reduction of points required to represent a digitized line or its carricature Canadian Cartographer,1993
[7] 艾廷华，城市地图数据库综合的支撑数据模型与方法的研究，[博士论文]，武汉，武汉测绘科技大学，2000
[8] Wanning Peng.Automated Generalization in GIS.ITC Publication Series,1997
[9] 张锦，城市居民地自动综合算法研究，地理空间数据整合与更新，北京，2004
[10] 王光霞，数字环境下制图综合概念和方法的拓展，测绘学院学报，2005，22(3)，207-221
[11] 王桥，数字环境下制图综合若干问题的讨论，武汉测绘科技大学学报，1995，10(5)，112-115
[12] Anne Ruas. Automating the Generalization of Geographical Data: the Age of Maturity? In: Proceedings ICC2001 Vol 3, Beijing,2001
[13] Weibel,R.,Map Generalization in the Contect of Digital Systems,Cartography and Geographic Information Systems. 1995
[14] 王桥，数字环境下制图综合若干问题的探讨，武汉测绘科技大学学报，1995，20(3)，208-212
[15] C.B.Jones,Map Generalization with a Triangulated Data Structure, Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 1995
[16] Shea, K.S, Design Considerations for an Arificially Intelligent System.In:B.P.Buttenfield and R.B.McMaster (eds.),Map Generalzation: Making rules for knowledge representation, 1991
[17] 马荣华，潘涛，谢顺平，GIS环境下制图自动综合，遥感技术与应用，2001，16(2)，121-122
[18] J. Morehouse, GIS-based Map Compilation and Generalization. In: J. C. Muller, J.P. Lagrange and R. Weibel (eds.),GIS and Generalization: Methodology and Practice. London: Taylot & Francis. 1995
[19] 成燕娥，GIS中专题数据库综合的研究，2005
[20] C. B. Jones,J. Mark Ware ect,Triangulated spatial models and neighbourhood search:an experimental comparison with quadtrees,The Visual Computer, 1999
[21] deberg,M.,van Kreveld, M. Schirra,S. Topologically Correct Subdivision Simplification Using the Bandwidth Criterion. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 1998,25(4),243-257
[22] Jaakkola, O. Multi-scale Categorical Database with Automatic Generalization Transformations Based on Map Algebra. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 1998,25 (4), 195-207
[23] 齐清文，刘岳，GIS环境下面向地理特征的制图概括的理论和方法，地理学报，1998，53(4)
[24] 张桥平，李德仁，龚健雅，城市地图数据库图形合并技术，测绘通报，2003(9)，27-29
[25] 李德仁，龚健雅，站桥平，论地图数据库合并技术，测绘科学，2004，29(1)，1-3
[26] Cobb M. Intelligent database agents for geospatial knowledge integration and management [DB/OL],2000
[27] 毋河海，地图综合基础理论与技术方法研究，测绘出版社，2004
[28] 祝国瑞，郭礼珍等，地图设计与编绘，武汉大学出版社，2001
[29] 王家耀等，地图编制，中国人民解放军测绘学院教材，1983
[30] 王家耀，普通地图制图综合原理，测绘出版社，1992
[31] Sester Monika. Generalization Based on Least Squares Adjustment. In: IAPRS Vol. ⅩⅩⅩⅢ,Part B4/3,Comm. Ⅳ, ISPRS Congress,Amsterdam. 2000
[32] 徐峥，基于ARCGIS的居民地与道路的自动综合，[硕士论文]，武汉，武汉大学，2005
[33] 刘志辉，艾廷华，祁华斌等，对地图综合功能的扩展研究，昆明理工大学学报，2004，29(5)，18-22
[34]党安荣，贾海峰，ArcGIS 8 Desktop地理信息系统应用指南，清华大学出版社，2003
[35] 毛玉龙，ArcGIS的二次开发，福建电脑，2006(2)
[36] 李含璞，马金辉，史玉龙，基于Geodatabase模型建立测绘数据库的方法研究，地里空间信息，2006(2)
[37] A Web GIS and geodatabase for Florida s wetlands,Short Communication Of Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2005,47(1),69-75
[38] 祝国瑞，徐肇忠，普通地图制图中的数学方法，测绘出版社，1990
[39] 何宗宜，地图数据处理模型的原理与方法，武汉大学出版社，2004
[2] 王光霞，用专家系统技术实施居民地自动综合，[硕士论文]，河南，解放军测绘学院，1994
[3] 姚兴海，何建华，马成明，马永斌，地形绘图疵病一百例，测绘出版社，2000
[4] 王辉连，居民地自动综合智能方法研究，[硕士论文]，河南，解放军信息工程大学，2005
[5] 武芳，协同式地图自动综合的研究与实践，[博士论文]，河南，解放军测绘学院，2000
[6] Douglas D.H. & Peucker T.K.Algorithms for the reduction of points required to represent a digitized line or its carricature Canadian Cartographer,1993
[7] 艾廷华，城市地图数据库综合的支撑数据模型与方法的研究，[博士论文]，武汉，武汉测绘科技大学，2000
[8] Wanning Peng.Automated Generalization in GIS.ITC Publication Series,1997
[9] 张锦，城市居民地自动综合算法研究，地理空间数据整合与更新，北京，2004
[10] 王光霞，数字环境下制图综合概念和方法的拓展，测绘学院学报，2005，22(3)，207-221
[11] 王桥，数字环境下制图综合若干问题的讨论，武汉测绘科技大学学报，1995，10(5)，112-115
[12] Anne Ruas. Automating the Generalization of Geographical Data: the Age of Maturity? In: Proceedings ICC2001 Vol 3, Beijing,2001
[13] Weibel,R.,Map Generalization in the Contect of Digital Systems,Cartography and Geographic Information Systems. 1995
[14] 王桥，数字环境下制图综合若干问题的探讨，武汉测绘科技大学学报，1995，20(3)，208-212
[15] C.B.Jones,Map Generalization with a Triangulated Data Structure, Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 1995
[16] Shea, K.S, Design Considerations for an Arificially Intelligent System.In:B.P.Buttenfield and R.B.McMaster (eds.),Map Generalzation: Making rules for knowledge representation, 1991
[17] 马荣华，潘涛，谢顺平，GIS环境下制图自动综合，遥感技术与应用，2001，16(2)，121-122
[18] J. Morehouse, GIS-based Map Compilation and Generalization. In: J. C. Muller, J.P. Lagrange and R. Weibel (eds.),GIS and Generalization: Methodology and Practice. London: Taylot & Francis. 1995
[19] 成燕娥，GIS中专题数据库综合的研究，2005
[20] C. B. Jones,J. Mark Ware ect,Triangulated spatial models and neighbourhood search:an experimental comparison with quadtrees,The Visual Computer, 1999
[21] deberg,M.,van Kreveld, M. Schirra,S. Topologically Correct Subdivision Simplification Using the Bandwidth Criterion. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 1998,25(4),243-257
[22] Jaakkola, O. Multi-scale Categorical Database with Automatic Generalization Transformations Based on Map Algebra. Cartography and Geographic Information Systems, 1998,25 (4), 195-207
[23] 齐清文，刘岳，GIS环境下面向地理特征的制图概括的理论和方法，地理学报，1998，53(4)
[24] 张桥平，李德仁，龚健雅，城市地图数据库图形合并技术，测绘通报，2003(9)，27-29
[25] 李德仁，龚健雅，站桥平，论地图数据库合并技术，测绘科学，2004，29(1)，1-3
[26] Cobb M. Intelligent database agents for geospatial knowledge integration and management [DB/OL],2000
[27] 毋河海，地图综合基础理论与技术方法研究，测绘出版社，2004
[28] 祝国瑞，郭礼珍等，地图设计与编绘，武汉大学出版社，2001
[29] 王家耀等，地图编制，中国人民解放军测绘学院教材，1983
[30] 王家耀，普通地图制图综合原理，测绘出版社，1992
[31] Sester Monika. Generalization Based on Least Squares Adjustment. In: IAPRS Vol. ⅩⅩⅩⅢ,Part B4/3,Comm. Ⅳ, ISPRS Congress,Amsterdam. 2000
[32] 徐峥，基于ARCGIS的居民地与道路的自动综合，[硕士论文]，武汉，武汉大学，2005
[33] 刘志辉，艾廷华，祁华斌等，对地图综合功能的扩展研究，昆明理工大学学报，2004，29(5)，18-22
[34]党安荣，贾海峰，ArcGIS 8 Desktop地理信息系统应用指南，清华大学出版社，2003
[35] 毛玉龙，ArcGIS的二次开发，福建电脑，2006(2)
[36] 李含璞，马金辉，史玉龙，基于Geodatabase模型建立测绘数据库的方法研究，地里空间信息，2006(2)
[37] A Web GIS and geodatabase for Florida s wetlands,Short Communication Of Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,2005,47(1),69-75
[38] 祝国瑞，徐肇忠，普通地图制图中的数学方法，测绘出版社，1990
[39] 何宗宜，地图数据处理模型的原理与方法，武汉大学出版社，2004