适用于地下建筑的节能型表冷器的开发与研究
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摘要
随着城市人口的增加,城市化进程加快,城市的发展与用地的短缺矛盾越来越激化。目前,许多城市地面用地和使用程度已经饱和,居住环境迅速恶化,城市要实现可持续发展,必需依靠周边地区的平面扩展或向高空及地下发展。因此,研究现代城市地下建筑开发利用技术及其发展趋势是一个重要而紧迫的问题。
但是,地下建筑是一个与地表空气隔绝的人工环境,封闭潮湿,又处于蓄热能力较强的土壤和岩石的包围中,其室内环境完全为人工创造,与开放性的地面空间相比,其室内空气环境有较大的差别。如果地下建筑直接使用普通的空调机组必将不易实现室内的舒适性要求。
为了解决这一问题,本文认真分析地下建筑热湿负荷及室内空气环境的特殊性的,并对比了现有的空调机组新技术,研发并试制了旁通风阀表冷器机组及旋转旁通表冷器机组这两种适用于地下建筑的新型空调机组,并根据其特殊功能制定了对应的优化控制方法。
为了测试机组各方面的性能,本文选取了另外一种设计理念相近的空调机组,参照相关的国家规范,在不同工况、不同运行状态下对这三种试验样机的送风量、机组全压及风机段能耗进行了测试。通过比较机组在表冷器段启闭前后的送风量、机组全压及风机段能耗变化,分析表冷器启闭功能对空调机组性能的影响。本文通过比较不同空调机组在相同表冷器段启闭状态下的送风量、机组全压及风机段能耗差异,分析不同表冷器结构之间的性能差别。本文还在机组全压相等及送风量相等两种基准条件下,比较了三种空调机组的节能率变化情况,分析三种空调机组的节能功效。
With the increase in urban population and the urbanization process speeding up, urban development and the shortage of land becoming more and more intense c-onflicts. If the city went to maintain sustainable development, it is necessary to develop the surrounding areas of city, or develop in direction in a highly and un-derground space. So, it is essential to do indepth study on technology of constru- ction in underground space and development trends.
However, indoor environment in construction of underground space entirely created by the artificial. It is isolation from the environment air, closed, humid and has more strongly regenerative capacity. Compared with the open ground, it is more differences in indoor air environment. So, if directiy useing ordinary air-conditioning unit in underground space Will not achieve the requirements of indoor comfortable.
In order to solve this problem, in this paper, a in-depth analysis of heat and moisture load and the specificity of the indoor air environment in the construction of underground space had been taken, the specificity of the indoor air environment, and comparison of the new technologies on air-conditioning units has been taken simultaneously. Based on these results, two types of new air conditioning units for construction of underground space and its control method have been developed,. These two new air conditioning units were known as bypass-type air surface cooler air conditioning units and rotating-type air surface cooler air conditioning units.
In order to test all aspects of its performance, this paper took another similar kind of air-conditioning unit for compared. In different conditions and different operating state, the three air-conditioning units have been test in air supply volume, total pressure and fan unit energy consumption. Based on these results, to analyze the performance of the different unit. In this paper, the energy-saving rate of these three air-conditioning unit has also been compared in two conditions.
但是,地下建筑是一个与地表空气隔绝的人工环境,封闭潮湿,又处于蓄热能力较强的土壤和岩石的包围中,其室内环境完全为人工创造,与开放性的地面空间相比,其室内空气环境有较大的差别。如果地下建筑直接使用普通的空调机组必将不易实现室内的舒适性要求。
为了解决这一问题,本文认真分析地下建筑热湿负荷及室内空气环境的特殊性的,并对比了现有的空调机组新技术,研发并试制了旁通风阀表冷器机组及旋转旁通表冷器机组这两种适用于地下建筑的新型空调机组,并根据其特殊功能制定了对应的优化控制方法。
为了测试机组各方面的性能,本文选取了另外一种设计理念相近的空调机组,参照相关的国家规范,在不同工况、不同运行状态下对这三种试验样机的送风量、机组全压及风机段能耗进行了测试。通过比较机组在表冷器段启闭前后的送风量、机组全压及风机段能耗变化,分析表冷器启闭功能对空调机组性能的影响。本文通过比较不同空调机组在相同表冷器段启闭状态下的送风量、机组全压及风机段能耗差异,分析不同表冷器结构之间的性能差别。本文还在机组全压相等及送风量相等两种基准条件下,比较了三种空调机组的节能率变化情况,分析三种空调机组的节能功效。
With the increase in urban population and the urbanization process speeding up, urban development and the shortage of land becoming more and more intense c-onflicts. If the city went to maintain sustainable development, it is necessary to develop the surrounding areas of city, or develop in direction in a highly and un-derground space. So, it is essential to do indepth study on technology of constru- ction in underground space and development trends.
However, indoor environment in construction of underground space entirely created by the artificial. It is isolation from the environment air, closed, humid and has more strongly regenerative capacity. Compared with the open ground, it is more differences in indoor air environment. So, if directiy useing ordinary air-conditioning unit in underground space Will not achieve the requirements of indoor comfortable.
In order to solve this problem, in this paper, a in-depth analysis of heat and moisture load and the specificity of the indoor air environment in the construction of underground space had been taken, the specificity of the indoor air environment, and comparison of the new technologies on air-conditioning units has been taken simultaneously. Based on these results, two types of new air conditioning units for construction of underground space and its control method have been developed,. These two new air conditioning units were known as bypass-type air surface cooler air conditioning units and rotating-type air surface cooler air conditioning units.
In order to test all aspects of its performance, this paper took another similar kind of air-conditioning unit for compared. In different conditions and different operating state, the three air-conditioning units have been test in air supply volume, total pressure and fan unit energy consumption. Based on these results, to analyze the performance of the different unit. In this paper, the energy-saving rate of these three air-conditioning unit has also been compared in two conditions.
引文
1黄俊鹏,蔡龙俊.地下商业建筑暖通空调系统的设计对人们环境心理的影响.能源技术.2003, 24(4):35-36
2胡汉华,吴超,李茂楠.地下工程通风与空调.中南大学出版社.2005, (6):15-16
3谢立辉.面对建设“节约型”社会的建筑节能问题的思考.工业建筑.2006, 36(1):23-24
4刘锦,刘燕敏,孙伟.几种新型空气过滤器净化效果分析.洁净与空调技术. 2007, (1):40-42
5冯朝阳.高效空气过滤器阻力与结构关系的实验研究.清华大学硕士论文.2007:56-76
6 PeterP. Tsai.用于高效空气过滤器的过滤介质的研究.产业用纺织品.2007, (3):10-12
7 ChiTien, PayatakesA C.Advance in Deep-bed Filtration.JAIChE.1979, 25(5):737-759
8 BurganosV N, Moute-Carlo.Network Simulation of Horizonta Upflow and Downflow Depth Filtration.JAIChE.1995, 41(2):316-322
9张吉礼,孙德兴,欧进萍.结构可调式换热器的设计原理及其特性分析.暖通空调.1999, 29(4):37-43
0张景玲,万建武.热管式空调机组在空调系统的节能应用研究.广州大学学报(自然科学版).2006, 5(6):81-85
1江苏风神空调集团股份有限公司.圆筒式高效空气净化处理机组.中国环保产业.2006, (11):45
2严迪新,周虹.变风量空调系统中风机的加权流量控制方法.暖通空调.2006, 36(8):100-103
3符学伍,徐新华.变风量空调系统优化控制.山西建筑.2007, 33(16):194-195
4邢丽娟,杨世忠.变风量空调系统的建模与控制.暖通空调.2007, 37(11):115-117
5冀兆良.水泵变频技术在空调系统中的应用.广州大学学报(自然科学报).2005, 4(6):537-540
6 Michel A.Bemer, Bernard Bourret.Pumping Energy and Variable FrequeneyDrives.ASHRAE Joumal.1999, (41):12
7 James B Rishel.Wire-to-Water Efficiency of Pumping Systems.ASHREA Journal. 2001, (4):40-46
8 Ke Yupei, Mumma S A. Variable Air Volume Ventilation Control Strategies Analysed in Six Climate Zones. International Journal of Energy Research.1999, 23(5):371-387
9林喜云.空调系统热回收影响因素及评价方法.华东科技大学硕士论文. 2006.10:75-73
20庄琛.应用于空调排风能量回收系统的纵向翅片热管特性研究.东华大学硕士论文.2005.1:8-76
2陈林,李震.小型全热回收新风机组模拟及性能分析.工程热物理学报.2007, 28(1):41-44
22张荣荣,周亚素.空调系统中全热回收设备的节能分析.建筑热能通风空调.2000, (4):24-27
23 Rober W.Besant,Carey J.Simonson,Ph.D. Air-To-Air Engergy Recovery.ASHRAE Journal. 2000, 42(5):56-57
24 Rober Besant, Carey Simonson.Air-to-Air Exchangers.ARSHRAE Journal. 2003, 45(4):27-30
25 I.J.D.Bennett, R.W.Besant.Validation of a Run-around Heat Recovery Systemmodel.ASHRAE Transaction.1994, (1):230-237
26 Somchai, Paarpom,P.E Runaround loop Heat Recovery withDehumidification System. ASHRAE Journal. 1999, 41(6):13-18
27刘传聚,滕英武,朱轶勋.乙二醇热回收空调系统的节能分析.暖通空调. 2001, 31(4):34-36
28 M.K.Drost, Calculation of Energy Use of Reheating Residential Buildings.CEN Brussels.1999:78-81
29 T.Fischer, F.D.Heidt.Testing the Ventilation Efficiency of Ventilation Units with Tracer Gas Methods.The Second International Conference on Buildings and the Environment.1997:105-109
30沈晋明.生物气候与空气调节.上海城市建筑学院学报. 1988, (4):23-29
3 S.Muhic, V.Butala. The Influence of Indoor Environment in Office Buildings on their Occupants: Expected–Unexpected. Building and Environment. 2004, 39(3): 289 ~ 296
32 Kroner W., J. Stark-Martin, T. Willemain. Using Advanced Pffice Technologyto Increase Productivity. The Center for Architectural Research. 1992, (5):59-65
33 Seem J.E., J.Braum. The Impact of Personal Environmental Control on Building Transactions. ASHRAE Transactions.1992, 98(1):52-54
34 P.Wargocki, D.P. Wyon, J.Sundell, et al. The Effects of Outdoor Air Supply Rate in an Office on Perceived Air Quality, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Symptoms and Productivity. Indoor Air. 2000, 10(4): 222-236
35 P.Wargocki, D.P.Wyon, Y.K.Baik, G.Clausen, P.O.Fanger. Perceived Air Quality, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Symptoms and Productivity in an Office with Two Different Pollution Loads. Indoor Air. 1999, (9):165-179
36 Tamami Kusuda. Building Environment Simulation before Desk Top Computers in the USA through a Personal Memory. Energy and Buildings. 2001, (33):291-302
37 Fred.S.Bauman.杨国荣译.地板送风设计指南.中国建工出版社.2006:339-345
38李志浩.基于建筑节能的暖通空调节能措施.电力需求侧管理.2004, 6(4): 49-50
39 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
40 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62-2001, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.
40 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62-1999, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.
41 Kusuda,T.Control of Ventilation to Conserve Energy while Maintaining acceptable indoor air quality.ASHRAE Transactions. 1976, 82(1):351-361
42甄肖霞.通过控制二氧化碳含量来实现节能和优化空气质量.制冷.2004, 23(4):67-70
43 Kurt W.Roth, Ph.D., John Dieckmann,P.E., James Brodrick, Ph.D.. Demand Control Ventilation.ASHRAE Journal. 2003, (6):91-92
44 Olli Sepp?nen, William J. Fisk, P.E., Mark J. Mendell, Ph.D.. Ventilation Rates and Health. ASHRAE Journal. 2002, (11):56-58
45 Persily,A.Evaluating Building IAQ and Ventilation with Indoor Carbon Dioxide.ASHRAE Transactions.1997, 103(2):193-204
46《地下空间建筑暖通空调设计手册》编写组.地下空间建筑暖通空调设计手册.中国建筑工业出版社.30-72
47刘军.地下空间建筑热湿负荷计算及软件编制.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.2007
48中华人民共和国国家标准《建筑照明设计标准》(GB50034—2004).北京:中国建筑科学研究院出版社.2004
49王海文.地下商场空调负荷计算和节能的浅见.地下空间.1988, 8(3):51-55
50马最良,姚杨.民用建筑空调设计.化学工业出版社.2003:145-151
51傅斌.地下商业街内CO2浓度的数值模拟与分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2004:46-48
52中华人民共和国国家标准《室内空气质量标准》(GB50016—2003).北京:中国建筑科技出版社.2004
53李英娜,顾平道,庄琛.大中型商场空调负荷影响因素的探讨.应用能源技术.2004, (2):46-47
54路福和.哈尔滨市地下街余热回收方案的研究与评价.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.1999, 6:5~12
55江亿,李震,陈晓阳,刘晓华.溶液式空调及其应用.暖通空调. 2004, 34(11期):88-98
56 Busweiler U.Air-conditioning with a Combination of Radiant cooling,Displacement Ventilation and Desiccant Cooling.In:ASHRAE Trans.1993, 99(2):503 509
57叶大法,杨国荣.变风量空调系统设计.中国建筑工业出版社.119-120
58 BYNUM HARRIS. Variable Flow a Control Engineers Perspeetive.ASHRAE Journal.1990, 32(10):30-59
59 Avery G..Designing & Commissioning Variable Flow Hdronic Systems.ASHRAE Journal. 1993, 35(7):45-59
60于凌燕,赵嵩堪.变风量空调系统实用控制方法及分析.节能.2003, (5):15-18
2胡汉华,吴超,李茂楠.地下工程通风与空调.中南大学出版社.2005, (6):15-16
3谢立辉.面对建设“节约型”社会的建筑节能问题的思考.工业建筑.2006, 36(1):23-24
4刘锦,刘燕敏,孙伟.几种新型空气过滤器净化效果分析.洁净与空调技术. 2007, (1):40-42
5冯朝阳.高效空气过滤器阻力与结构关系的实验研究.清华大学硕士论文.2007:56-76
6 PeterP. Tsai.用于高效空气过滤器的过滤介质的研究.产业用纺织品.2007, (3):10-12
7 ChiTien, PayatakesA C.Advance in Deep-bed Filtration.JAIChE.1979, 25(5):737-759
8 BurganosV N, Moute-Carlo.Network Simulation of Horizonta Upflow and Downflow Depth Filtration.JAIChE.1995, 41(2):316-322
9张吉礼,孙德兴,欧进萍.结构可调式换热器的设计原理及其特性分析.暖通空调.1999, 29(4):37-43
0张景玲,万建武.热管式空调机组在空调系统的节能应用研究.广州大学学报(自然科学版).2006, 5(6):81-85
1江苏风神空调集团股份有限公司.圆筒式高效空气净化处理机组.中国环保产业.2006, (11):45
2严迪新,周虹.变风量空调系统中风机的加权流量控制方法.暖通空调.2006, 36(8):100-103
3符学伍,徐新华.变风量空调系统优化控制.山西建筑.2007, 33(16):194-195
4邢丽娟,杨世忠.变风量空调系统的建模与控制.暖通空调.2007, 37(11):115-117
5冀兆良.水泵变频技术在空调系统中的应用.广州大学学报(自然科学报).2005, 4(6):537-540
6 Michel A.Bemer, Bernard Bourret.Pumping Energy and Variable FrequeneyDrives.ASHRAE Joumal.1999, (41):12
7 James B Rishel.Wire-to-Water Efficiency of Pumping Systems.ASHREA Journal. 2001, (4):40-46
8 Ke Yupei, Mumma S A. Variable Air Volume Ventilation Control Strategies Analysed in Six Climate Zones. International Journal of Energy Research.1999, 23(5):371-387
9林喜云.空调系统热回收影响因素及评价方法.华东科技大学硕士论文. 2006.10:75-73
20庄琛.应用于空调排风能量回收系统的纵向翅片热管特性研究.东华大学硕士论文.2005.1:8-76
2陈林,李震.小型全热回收新风机组模拟及性能分析.工程热物理学报.2007, 28(1):41-44
22张荣荣,周亚素.空调系统中全热回收设备的节能分析.建筑热能通风空调.2000, (4):24-27
23 Rober W.Besant,Carey J.Simonson,Ph.D. Air-To-Air Engergy Recovery.ASHRAE Journal. 2000, 42(5):56-57
24 Rober Besant, Carey Simonson.Air-to-Air Exchangers.ARSHRAE Journal. 2003, 45(4):27-30
25 I.J.D.Bennett, R.W.Besant.Validation of a Run-around Heat Recovery Systemmodel.ASHRAE Transaction.1994, (1):230-237
26 Somchai, Paarpom,P.E Runaround loop Heat Recovery withDehumidification System. ASHRAE Journal. 1999, 41(6):13-18
27刘传聚,滕英武,朱轶勋.乙二醇热回收空调系统的节能分析.暖通空调. 2001, 31(4):34-36
28 M.K.Drost, Calculation of Energy Use of Reheating Residential Buildings.CEN Brussels.1999:78-81
29 T.Fischer, F.D.Heidt.Testing the Ventilation Efficiency of Ventilation Units with Tracer Gas Methods.The Second International Conference on Buildings and the Environment.1997:105-109
30沈晋明.生物气候与空气调节.上海城市建筑学院学报. 1988, (4):23-29
3 S.Muhic, V.Butala. The Influence of Indoor Environment in Office Buildings on their Occupants: Expected–Unexpected. Building and Environment. 2004, 39(3): 289 ~ 296
32 Kroner W., J. Stark-Martin, T. Willemain. Using Advanced Pffice Technologyto Increase Productivity. The Center for Architectural Research. 1992, (5):59-65
33 Seem J.E., J.Braum. The Impact of Personal Environmental Control on Building Transactions. ASHRAE Transactions.1992, 98(1):52-54
34 P.Wargocki, D.P. Wyon, J.Sundell, et al. The Effects of Outdoor Air Supply Rate in an Office on Perceived Air Quality, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Symptoms and Productivity. Indoor Air. 2000, 10(4): 222-236
35 P.Wargocki, D.P.Wyon, Y.K.Baik, G.Clausen, P.O.Fanger. Perceived Air Quality, Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) Symptoms and Productivity in an Office with Two Different Pollution Loads. Indoor Air. 1999, (9):165-179
36 Tamami Kusuda. Building Environment Simulation before Desk Top Computers in the USA through a Personal Memory. Energy and Buildings. 2001, (33):291-302
37 Fred.S.Bauman.杨国荣译.地板送风设计指南.中国建工出版社.2006:339-345
38李志浩.基于建筑节能的暖通空调节能措施.电力需求侧管理.2004, 6(4): 49-50
39 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
40 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62-2001, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.
40 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62-1999, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality.
41 Kusuda,T.Control of Ventilation to Conserve Energy while Maintaining acceptable indoor air quality.ASHRAE Transactions. 1976, 82(1):351-361
42甄肖霞.通过控制二氧化碳含量来实现节能和优化空气质量.制冷.2004, 23(4):67-70
43 Kurt W.Roth, Ph.D., John Dieckmann,P.E., James Brodrick, Ph.D.. Demand Control Ventilation.ASHRAE Journal. 2003, (6):91-92
44 Olli Sepp?nen, William J. Fisk, P.E., Mark J. Mendell, Ph.D.. Ventilation Rates and Health. ASHRAE Journal. 2002, (11):56-58
45 Persily,A.Evaluating Building IAQ and Ventilation with Indoor Carbon Dioxide.ASHRAE Transactions.1997, 103(2):193-204
46《地下空间建筑暖通空调设计手册》编写组.地下空间建筑暖通空调设计手册.中国建筑工业出版社.30-72
47刘军.地下空间建筑热湿负荷计算及软件编制.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文.2007
48中华人民共和国国家标准《建筑照明设计标准》(GB50034—2004).北京:中国建筑科学研究院出版社.2004
49王海文.地下商场空调负荷计算和节能的浅见.地下空间.1988, 8(3):51-55
50马最良,姚杨.民用建筑空调设计.化学工业出版社.2003:145-151
51傅斌.地下商业街内CO2浓度的数值模拟与分析.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文.2004:46-48
52中华人民共和国国家标准《室内空气质量标准》(GB50016—2003).北京:中国建筑科技出版社.2004
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