地表水源热泵与蓄能技术的集成应用研究
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摘要
水源热泵利用了可再生能源,是一种节能环保的冷热源技术;蓄能技术可以“削峰填谷”、平衡电网、降低运行费用。将这两种技术进行集成应用,能充分发挥各自的优势,是对可再生资源的优化利用,从而最大限度地实现系统的高效、经济和节能。
本研究在分析了当前国内外地表水源热泵与蓄能技术集成应用现状以后,针对地表水源热泵结合蓄能空调系统在具体应用中的一些关键问题和难点进行研究。主要基于地表水源热泵技术和蓄能技术的特点,研究地表水源热泵结合蓄能系统的适应性;对比分析常用的负荷预测方法,采用人工神经网络方法预测建筑未来24小时的空调负荷,研究并解决预测模型建立中的难点问题;基于空调负荷的准确预测,以系统的设备初投资和日运行费用最小为目标,建立系统优化的数学模型,并研究水源热泵结合蓄能系统的控制策略,拟采用自适应的模糊PID控制对系统控制,并且进行动态仿真研究;建立包括了系统经济性、节能性、安全性、环境效益和火用特性等多个方面的模糊综合评价体系。最后通过国内具体工程实例对本研究理论进行了应用分析。
研究结果表明:地表水源热泵结合蓄能技术的适应性主要受建筑物功能、使用情况、负荷特点、峰谷电价、水源条件等因素的制约;研究所建立的动态负荷预测模型可以满足实际工程应用,从实际工程预测可以看出,实测值与预测值相对误差基本小于8%,且预测值反映出较符合实际的稳定;针对工程实例,根据系统优化数学模型确定的优化控制策略在日运行费用上较主机优先、融冰优先、定比控制等运行策略分别节约16.5%、10.8%、13.1%;采用自适应模糊PID控制较常规PID控制时间短、精度高、波动小;系统综合评价体系采用模糊数学理论对集成系统进行定量和定性相结合的综合评价,可以反映系统的特性,同时,体现了系统经济性、节能性、安全性、环境效益以及火用的单项特性和综合特性,为方案决策、系统设计和运行管理提供了重要依据;从国内某实际工程四种空调系统综合评价结果可以看出,地表水源热泵结合冰蓄冷系统的评价结果为0.9222,其值大于常规空调+冰蓄冷系统评价结果0.6120,而常规空调+冰蓄冷评价结果与水源热泵结果0.5680基本相同,常规空调评价结果最低,仅为0.2762。本研究成果能更好地实现系统的节能性和经济性,推动复合式系统的合理应用。
Water source heat pump utilize renewable energy, it is a hot and cold source of energy saving technology, storage technology can load shifting and can balance of power and can lower operating costs.Integrated application of these two technologies can give full play to their strengths,Tt is an optimal use of renewable resources to maximize system efficiency,economy and energy conservation.
In this study,analysis of the current domestic and international surface water source heat pump integrated with energy storage technology application after storage for surface water source heat pump air conditioning system with specificapplications in some key research issues and difficulties.Based primarily on surface water source heat pump technology and energy storage technology features,study the adaptability of surface water source heat pump integrate with energy storage technology system Comparison of methods commonly used in load forecasting,prediction using artificial neural network architecture for the next 24 hours air-conditioningload forecasting model to study and solve difficult problems.Based on accurate forecasts of air contioning load to the systemequipment at the initial investment and operating costs as the objective, the establishment of a mathematical model and studycontrol strategies of water source heat pump integrate with energy storage technology system,it proposed to adopting fuzzy PID control systemand control economy,energy conservation, safety, enviromental and energy and other aspects.Finally,it analysises theory of theresearch by specific examples of projects the domestic.
The results show that:The main adaptability of the surface water source heat pump combined with enrgy storage technology . building-capabilities,building-usage,building load characteristic,peak electricity,water conditions and system efficiencyand other factors.Prediction of next day hourly air conditioning cooling-load by artificial neural network model to meet he practical application form the actual project forecast can be seen the measured and predicted relative error of less than 8%,and predictive value reflects the stability of more realistic.Compared with refrigerating machine priority, thermal storge equipment and constant proportion control,saving rate og optimal control strategy was 16.5%,13.1% and 10.8% in operating expanse; Comprehensiveevaluation system of adoptingthe fuzzy mathematical theory can combine the quantitative and qualititative evaluation of integrated sysem, at the same time,it also can reflect individual characteristics of the integrated features of economics,energy saving, safety, enviromental benefit and exergy. It provide important basis for decision making,system design and operation management.From a practical engineeringfour kinds of air- conditioning system comprehensive evaluation results,the result of the evaluation of surface water source heatpump ice storage system combining with ice storage is 0.9222, its result is more than conventional air conditioning combiningwith ice storage system evaluation results, its result is 0.612.But conventional air conditioning combining with ice storageevluation result is similar to 0.5680of the water soruse heat pump's results. The evaluation result of conventional air conditioning is only 0.2762.The research can realize better energy savingand efficiency of system and promote the rational aplication of compositing system.
本研究在分析了当前国内外地表水源热泵与蓄能技术集成应用现状以后,针对地表水源热泵结合蓄能空调系统在具体应用中的一些关键问题和难点进行研究。主要基于地表水源热泵技术和蓄能技术的特点,研究地表水源热泵结合蓄能系统的适应性;对比分析常用的负荷预测方法,采用人工神经网络方法预测建筑未来24小时的空调负荷,研究并解决预测模型建立中的难点问题;基于空调负荷的准确预测,以系统的设备初投资和日运行费用最小为目标,建立系统优化的数学模型,并研究水源热泵结合蓄能系统的控制策略,拟采用自适应的模糊PID控制对系统控制,并且进行动态仿真研究;建立包括了系统经济性、节能性、安全性、环境效益和火用特性等多个方面的模糊综合评价体系。最后通过国内具体工程实例对本研究理论进行了应用分析。
研究结果表明:地表水源热泵结合蓄能技术的适应性主要受建筑物功能、使用情况、负荷特点、峰谷电价、水源条件等因素的制约;研究所建立的动态负荷预测模型可以满足实际工程应用,从实际工程预测可以看出,实测值与预测值相对误差基本小于8%,且预测值反映出较符合实际的稳定;针对工程实例,根据系统优化数学模型确定的优化控制策略在日运行费用上较主机优先、融冰优先、定比控制等运行策略分别节约16.5%、10.8%、13.1%;采用自适应模糊PID控制较常规PID控制时间短、精度高、波动小;系统综合评价体系采用模糊数学理论对集成系统进行定量和定性相结合的综合评价,可以反映系统的特性,同时,体现了系统经济性、节能性、安全性、环境效益以及火用的单项特性和综合特性,为方案决策、系统设计和运行管理提供了重要依据;从国内某实际工程四种空调系统综合评价结果可以看出,地表水源热泵结合冰蓄冷系统的评价结果为0.9222,其值大于常规空调+冰蓄冷系统评价结果0.6120,而常规空调+冰蓄冷评价结果与水源热泵结果0.5680基本相同,常规空调评价结果最低,仅为0.2762。本研究成果能更好地实现系统的节能性和经济性,推动复合式系统的合理应用。
Water source heat pump utilize renewable energy, it is a hot and cold source of energy saving technology, storage technology can load shifting and can balance of power and can lower operating costs.Integrated application of these two technologies can give full play to their strengths,Tt is an optimal use of renewable resources to maximize system efficiency,economy and energy conservation.
In this study,analysis of the current domestic and international surface water source heat pump integrated with energy storage technology application after storage for surface water source heat pump air conditioning system with specificapplications in some key research issues and difficulties.Based primarily on surface water source heat pump technology and energy storage technology features,study the adaptability of surface water source heat pump integrate with energy storage technology system Comparison of methods commonly used in load forecasting,prediction using artificial neural network architecture for the next 24 hours air-conditioningload forecasting model to study and solve difficult problems.Based on accurate forecasts of air contioning load to the systemequipment at the initial investment and operating costs as the objective, the establishment of a mathematical model and studycontrol strategies of water source heat pump integrate with energy storage technology system,it proposed to adopting fuzzy PID control systemand control economy,energy conservation, safety, enviromental and energy and other aspects.Finally,it analysises theory of theresearch by specific examples of projects the domestic.
The results show that:The main adaptability of the surface water source heat pump combined with enrgy storage technology . building-capabilities,building-usage,building load characteristic,peak electricity,water conditions and system efficiencyand other factors.Prediction of next day hourly air conditioning cooling-load by artificial neural network model to meet he practical application form the actual project forecast can be seen the measured and predicted relative error of less than 8%,and predictive value reflects the stability of more realistic.Compared with refrigerating machine priority, thermal storge equipment and constant proportion control,saving rate og optimal control strategy was 16.5%,13.1% and 10.8% in operating expanse; Comprehensiveevaluation system of adoptingthe fuzzy mathematical theory can combine the quantitative and qualititative evaluation of integrated sysem, at the same time,it also can reflect individual characteristics of the integrated features of economics,energy saving, safety, enviromental benefit and exergy. It provide important basis for decision making,system design and operation management.From a practical engineeringfour kinds of air- conditioning system comprehensive evaluation results,the result of the evaluation of surface water source heatpump ice storage system combining with ice storage is 0.9222, its result is more than conventional air conditioning combiningwith ice storage system evaluation results, its result is 0.612.But conventional air conditioning combining with ice storageevluation result is similar to 0.5680of the water soruse heat pump's results. The evaluation result of conventional air conditioning is only 0.2762.The research can realize better energy savingand efficiency of system and promote the rational aplication of compositing system.
引文
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