岩体透水性与隧道涌水量计算研究
摘要
隧道是交通线上重要的组成部分。隧道涌水量是评价隧道充水条件复杂程度的主要标志,是制定隧道疏干排水设计的主要依据。做好隧道涌水量的预测工作,对隧道正确设计十分重要。常用计算隧道涌水量的方法,一般说来有理论公式法、数值计算法和经验公式法三大类。随着国民经济的飞速发展,海底隧道的建设也越来越多,隧道修建及运营过程中涌水地质灾害已成为勘测设计阶段需重点考虑的问题之一。而隧道可能涌水区段及涌水量大小的预测计算为这一问题关键之所在。同时这一问题也是国内外学者、专家长期致力的一项重大研究课题。
隧道涌水严重影响着围岩的稳定,威胁隧道安全。因此,防患于未然,在隧道施工前必须掌握和了解隧道沿线地段的地下水分布、水位、水量、补给、排泄等情况,对特殊地质地段的地下涌水作好预测,并作好技术处理应对措施。隧道涌水预测计算要贯穿于从勘测设计到施工这一整个过程,在施工阶段对设计阶段的计算成果,不断地进行反演修正,以完善隧道涌水预测的准确率,提高掌子面施工前方的涌水预报效果,更好的服务于施工。
拟建厦门东通道海底隧道工程位于厦门岛东北端的湖里区五通村与对岸同安区西滨村之间,方向北东NE50°,隧道全长约5.9km,其中海域段长约4.2km。东通道工程是厦门市公路骨干网规划中的重要组成部分,它的建成对厦门市经济发展、尤其是厦门市东部地区的经济发展将起到重要作用。同时,厦门东通道海底隧道工程是我国计划建设的第一条海底隧道。由于工程建设位于海底,透水岩体的补给水源为无限量,因此,查明隧道工程区的水文地质条件并研究隧道开挖涌水量是该工程建设中必须解决的重大工程地质问题。
根据现有水文地质资料和现场试验成果,进行裂隙介质岩体渗透系数等效化研究,查明工程岩体、裂隙(结构面)、深厚风化(槽)带的渗透性,利用公式法和数值法计算隧道开挖涌水量,作出隧道渗透破坏评价,为隧道施工提供理论依据。
Tunnel is an important part of communication lines. Surge water amount of tunnel is the main mark of evaluating the complex degree of tunnel water filling condition, and the major basis of drainage design. Pre-estimating tunnel surge water amount is very important to the correct design of tunnel. Usual methods of computing tunnel surge water amount include: theoretical formula method, numerical method and empirical equation method. With the rapid development of national economy and massive construction of submarine tunnel, the geology disaster of surge water during construction and operation of tunnel has become an important problem considered during the reconnaissance design phase. And the pre-estimating of surge water zone and surge water amount is the key to this problem. At the same time, this problem is a grave research topic of domestic and foreign scholar and expert.The surge water seriously affects the stability of adjacent rock and the safety of tunnel. So we must grasp and understand the tunnel line condition of groundwater distribution, water height, water amount, supply and drainage, and pre-estimate the underground surge water of particular geology zone, and make technical measures. The pre-estimation of surge water must penetrate the whole process from reconnaissance design to construction. During the construction phase, continuously inverse correct the computation result of design phase, to perfect the accuracy rate of tunnel pre-estimation increase the surge water prediction effect of front palm plane, and serve the construction.Quasi-constructed Xiamen East Passage Submarine Tunnel Construction, NE50°in direction and about 5.9 kilometers in the whole length with about 4.2 kilometers' sea area include, locates between the Wutong Village in Huli Region of northeast end of Xiamen Island and Xibin Village in Tong'an Region. East Passage Construction is the important element of Xiamen highway diaphysis networks planning, its built will play an important role in the economic development of Xiamen, especially the east part of Xiamen. Meanwhile, Xiamen Xiamen East Passage Submarine Tunnel is the first submarine tunnel of China
planned to construct. For this construction is in the seabed, the supply water of pervious rock is infinite. So to check out the hydrogeologic condition of tunnel engineering area and to research the excavation surge water amount, is the grave engineering geological problem to be solved during the construction.According to the existing hydrogeologic data and field test result, study the equivalence of permeability coefficient of fracture dielectric rock, then check out the permeability of engineering rock, fracture(structural plane),and deep and thick weathering(groove) belt,computer the excavation surge water amount by formula method and numerical method, and then evaluate the seepage damage, to provide theoretical basis for tunnel construction.
隧道涌水严重影响着围岩的稳定,威胁隧道安全。因此,防患于未然,在隧道施工前必须掌握和了解隧道沿线地段的地下水分布、水位、水量、补给、排泄等情况,对特殊地质地段的地下涌水作好预测,并作好技术处理应对措施。隧道涌水预测计算要贯穿于从勘测设计到施工这一整个过程,在施工阶段对设计阶段的计算成果,不断地进行反演修正,以完善隧道涌水预测的准确率,提高掌子面施工前方的涌水预报效果,更好的服务于施工。
拟建厦门东通道海底隧道工程位于厦门岛东北端的湖里区五通村与对岸同安区西滨村之间,方向北东NE50°,隧道全长约5.9km,其中海域段长约4.2km。东通道工程是厦门市公路骨干网规划中的重要组成部分,它的建成对厦门市经济发展、尤其是厦门市东部地区的经济发展将起到重要作用。同时,厦门东通道海底隧道工程是我国计划建设的第一条海底隧道。由于工程建设位于海底,透水岩体的补给水源为无限量,因此,查明隧道工程区的水文地质条件并研究隧道开挖涌水量是该工程建设中必须解决的重大工程地质问题。
根据现有水文地质资料和现场试验成果,进行裂隙介质岩体渗透系数等效化研究,查明工程岩体、裂隙(结构面)、深厚风化(槽)带的渗透性,利用公式法和数值法计算隧道开挖涌水量,作出隧道渗透破坏评价,为隧道施工提供理论依据。
Tunnel is an important part of communication lines. Surge water amount of tunnel is the main mark of evaluating the complex degree of tunnel water filling condition, and the major basis of drainage design. Pre-estimating tunnel surge water amount is very important to the correct design of tunnel. Usual methods of computing tunnel surge water amount include: theoretical formula method, numerical method and empirical equation method. With the rapid development of national economy and massive construction of submarine tunnel, the geology disaster of surge water during construction and operation of tunnel has become an important problem considered during the reconnaissance design phase. And the pre-estimating of surge water zone and surge water amount is the key to this problem. At the same time, this problem is a grave research topic of domestic and foreign scholar and expert.The surge water seriously affects the stability of adjacent rock and the safety of tunnel. So we must grasp and understand the tunnel line condition of groundwater distribution, water height, water amount, supply and drainage, and pre-estimate the underground surge water of particular geology zone, and make technical measures. The pre-estimation of surge water must penetrate the whole process from reconnaissance design to construction. During the construction phase, continuously inverse correct the computation result of design phase, to perfect the accuracy rate of tunnel pre-estimation increase the surge water prediction effect of front palm plane, and serve the construction.Quasi-constructed Xiamen East Passage Submarine Tunnel Construction, NE50°in direction and about 5.9 kilometers in the whole length with about 4.2 kilometers' sea area include, locates between the Wutong Village in Huli Region of northeast end of Xiamen Island and Xibin Village in Tong'an Region. East Passage Construction is the important element of Xiamen highway diaphysis networks planning, its built will play an important role in the economic development of Xiamen, especially the east part of Xiamen. Meanwhile, Xiamen Xiamen East Passage Submarine Tunnel is the first submarine tunnel of China
planned to construct. For this construction is in the seabed, the supply water of pervious rock is infinite. So to check out the hydrogeologic condition of tunnel engineering area and to research the excavation surge water amount, is the grave engineering geological problem to be solved during the construction.According to the existing hydrogeologic data and field test result, study the equivalence of permeability coefficient of fracture dielectric rock, then check out the permeability of engineering rock, fracture(structural plane),and deep and thick weathering(groove) belt,computer the excavation surge water amount by formula method and numerical method, and then evaluate the seepage damage, to provide theoretical basis for tunnel construction.
引文
[01] 区永和,陈爱光,王恒纯.水文地质学概论.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1988
[02] 房佩贤,卫中鼎,廖资生.专门水文地质学.北京:地质出版社,1987
[03] 李俊亭,王愈吉.地下水动力学.北京:地质出版社,1993
[04] 陈崇希,唐仲华.地下水流动问题数值方法.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994
[05] 杨立中,周训,李秉生等.深层地下水渗流的研究.成都:成都科技大学版社,1995
[06] 宫辉力,李培,崔桂莲等.地下水系统三维流场数值模拟与流场宏观调控.系统工程理论与实践,1999(2):135-139
[07] 许光泉,朱继勇,桂和荣等.多含水层系统的研究及应用.煤田地质与勘探,2000(6):32-35
[08] 吴剑峰,朱学愚.由MODFLOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势.工程勘察,2000(2):12-14
[09] 王浩然,朱国荣.构造断裂发育地区的地下水流模拟.南京大学学报,1999.35(3):323-329
[10] 陈崇希.岩溶管道一裂隙一孔隙三重空隙介质地下水流及模拟方法研究.地球科学,1995.20(4)
[11] 巨天乙、张国明.因特网上的水文地质信息资源.煤田地质与勘探,2000.28(5)
[12] 赵立胜等.灰色系统理论在地学中的应用研究.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997
[13] 殷有泉.有限单元法及其在地学中的应用.北京:地质出版社,1987
[14] 河北省地质局水文地质四大队.水文地质手册.北京:地质出版社,1978
[15] 供水水文地质手册编写组.供水水文地质手册.北京:地质出版社,1976
[16] 冷天星.高等级公路隧道水文地质试验及涌水量预测.云南交通科技,2001年第4期
[17] 吴国荣.广州海珠广场站深基坑涌水量预测探索.岩土工程界,2001年第1期
[18] 朱大力、李秋枫.预测隧道涌水量的方法.工程勘察,2000年第4期.
[19] 王建秀、何静等.深埋隧道外水压力计算的解析—数值法.水文地质工程地质,2002年第3期.
[20] 刘高、杨重存等.深埋长大隧道涌(突)水条件及影响因素分析.天津城市建设学院学报,2002年第3期.
[21] 马积新译.世界上最长最深的海底隧道.国外公路,1995年8月,第15卷,第4期
[22] 洪代玲译.大型海底隧道与隧道工程技术的发展.世界隧道,1995,(3),50-62
[23] 雷升祥,李淑媛.浅谈海底隧道的地下水.现代隧道技术,2004年10月,第41卷第5期
[24] Yeh W, W-G. Review of parameter identification procedures in groundwater hydrology: the inverse problem. Water Resour, Res, 1986. 22(2): 95-108
[25] 《水文地质手册》,地质出版社,1990
[26] 《供水水文地质勘察规范》(GB50027—2001),2001
[27] Peralta H. R. C、Aly A. H. REMAX of user's manual[M]. Utah: Peralta and Associates, Inc, 1998
[28] 《公路工程地质勘察规范》(JTJ064—98),1998
[29] 《公路隧道勘察规范》(JTJ063—85),1985
[30] Michael G McDonald、Arlen W Harbaugh. A modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow model[R]. U S Geological Survey Open-File Report, 83～875, 1988
[31] 《铁道工程水文地质勘测规范》(TB10049-96),1996
[32] 《铁道供水水文地质勘探规范》(TBJ15-96),1996
[33] Mercer, J. W. Finite Element Analysis of Hydrothermal Systems in "Finite Element Methods in Flow Problems". UAH Press, 1974
[34] Willis, R&W-G, Yeh .Groundwater Systems Panning and Management. Prentice-Hall Inc, 1987
[35] 《水利水电工程钻孔压水试验规程》(SC25—92),1992
[36] 《水利水电工程钻孔抽水试验规程》(DLJ203—81、SLJ1—81),1981
[37] Witherspoon, P. A. et al.. The Finite Element Method in Hydrogeology. Lecture Notes, 1972
[38] Gorelick, S. M. &Remson; 1.. Optimal Dynamic Management of Groundwater Pollutant Sources. Water Resources Reserch, 1982. No. 1
[39] Kono, 1二Analysis of Interface Problem in Groundwater Flow By Finite Element Method in "Finite Element Methods in Engineering". 1974
[40] 《地下铁路、轻轨交通岩土工程勘察规范》(GB50307—1999),1999;
[41] Aziz, A .R. Mathematical Foundations of the finite Element. Method, Academic Press
[42] CooleyR. 1.. Finite Element Solutions for the Equations of Groundwater Flow . Unirersity of Nevada, Publ, 1974. No. 18.
[43] France; P. W.. Finite Element Analysis of Two and Three Dimensional Unconfined Seepage problems in "Finite Elements in Water Resources" .1976
[44] Huang, Y H. et al.. Analysis of Unsteady Flow toward Artesian Wells by Three-Dimensional Finite Elements. University of Kentucky, Res. Rep., 1974. No. 75
[45] Huang, YH. et al.. Comparision of Three Dimensional Finite Elements for Aquifer Simulation in "Finite Elements in Water Resources", 1976
[46] Willis, R&Liu, P. L. -f. Optimization Model for Groundwater Planning[J]. Water Resources Planning & Management Div., ASCE, 1984
[47] 罗焕炎、陈雨孙.地下水运动的数值模拟.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988
[48] 章光新、邓伟、李取生.地下水管理软件(REMAX)与国内三维流广义地下水管理模型殊途同归.世界地质,2001.20(1)
[49] 聂志宏、张弥、白李妍.用经验公式计算隧道涌水量.铁道标准设计,2000.
[50] 毛建安、石中平、毕焕军.秦岭隧道涌水量的综合勘察与预测计算法的综合应用.铁道工程学报,1998年第1期.
[51] 王锦国、周志芳、黄勇.基于压水试验资料的岩体透水性分形特征研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2003年第4期.
[52] 石中平.秦岭特长隧道水文地质工作综述.铁道工程学报,2000年第1期.
[53] 王子江.新概念水均衡法预测坑(隧)道涌水量.科学技术通讯,1995年第3期.
[02] 房佩贤,卫中鼎,廖资生.专门水文地质学.北京:地质出版社,1987
[03] 李俊亭,王愈吉.地下水动力学.北京:地质出版社,1993
[04] 陈崇希,唐仲华.地下水流动问题数值方法.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994
[05] 杨立中,周训,李秉生等.深层地下水渗流的研究.成都:成都科技大学版社,1995
[06] 宫辉力,李培,崔桂莲等.地下水系统三维流场数值模拟与流场宏观调控.系统工程理论与实践,1999(2):135-139
[07] 许光泉,朱继勇,桂和荣等.多含水层系统的研究及应用.煤田地质与勘探,2000(6):32-35
[08] 吴剑峰,朱学愚.由MODFLOW浅谈地下水流数值模拟软件的发展趋势.工程勘察,2000(2):12-14
[09] 王浩然,朱国荣.构造断裂发育地区的地下水流模拟.南京大学学报,1999.35(3):323-329
[10] 陈崇希.岩溶管道一裂隙一孔隙三重空隙介质地下水流及模拟方法研究.地球科学,1995.20(4)
[11] 巨天乙、张国明.因特网上的水文地质信息资源.煤田地质与勘探,2000.28(5)
[12] 赵立胜等.灰色系统理论在地学中的应用研究.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1997
[13] 殷有泉.有限单元法及其在地学中的应用.北京:地质出版社,1987
[14] 河北省地质局水文地质四大队.水文地质手册.北京:地质出版社,1978
[15] 供水水文地质手册编写组.供水水文地质手册.北京:地质出版社,1976
[16] 冷天星.高等级公路隧道水文地质试验及涌水量预测.云南交通科技,2001年第4期
[17] 吴国荣.广州海珠广场站深基坑涌水量预测探索.岩土工程界,2001年第1期
[18] 朱大力、李秋枫.预测隧道涌水量的方法.工程勘察,2000年第4期.
[19] 王建秀、何静等.深埋隧道外水压力计算的解析—数值法.水文地质工程地质,2002年第3期.
[20] 刘高、杨重存等.深埋长大隧道涌(突)水条件及影响因素分析.天津城市建设学院学报,2002年第3期.
[21] 马积新译.世界上最长最深的海底隧道.国外公路,1995年8月,第15卷,第4期
[22] 洪代玲译.大型海底隧道与隧道工程技术的发展.世界隧道,1995,(3),50-62
[23] 雷升祥,李淑媛.浅谈海底隧道的地下水.现代隧道技术,2004年10月,第41卷第5期
[24] Yeh W, W-G. Review of parameter identification procedures in groundwater hydrology: the inverse problem. Water Resour, Res, 1986. 22(2): 95-108
[25] 《水文地质手册》,地质出版社,1990
[26] 《供水水文地质勘察规范》(GB50027—2001),2001
[27] Peralta H. R. C、Aly A. H. REMAX of user's manual[M]. Utah: Peralta and Associates, Inc, 1998
[28] 《公路工程地质勘察规范》(JTJ064—98),1998
[29] 《公路隧道勘察规范》(JTJ063—85),1985
[30] Michael G McDonald、Arlen W Harbaugh. A modular three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow model[R]. U S Geological Survey Open-File Report, 83～875, 1988
[31] 《铁道工程水文地质勘测规范》(TB10049-96),1996
[32] 《铁道供水水文地质勘探规范》(TBJ15-96),1996
[33] Mercer, J. W. Finite Element Analysis of Hydrothermal Systems in "Finite Element Methods in Flow Problems". UAH Press, 1974
[34] Willis, R&W-G, Yeh .Groundwater Systems Panning and Management. Prentice-Hall Inc, 1987
[35] 《水利水电工程钻孔压水试验规程》(SC25—92),1992
[36] 《水利水电工程钻孔抽水试验规程》(DLJ203—81、SLJ1—81),1981
[37] Witherspoon, P. A. et al.. The Finite Element Method in Hydrogeology. Lecture Notes, 1972
[38] Gorelick, S. M. &Remson; 1.. Optimal Dynamic Management of Groundwater Pollutant Sources. Water Resources Reserch, 1982. No. 1
[39] Kono, 1二Analysis of Interface Problem in Groundwater Flow By Finite Element Method in "Finite Element Methods in Engineering". 1974
[40] 《地下铁路、轻轨交通岩土工程勘察规范》(GB50307—1999),1999;
[41] Aziz, A .R. Mathematical Foundations of the finite Element. Method, Academic Press
[42] CooleyR. 1.. Finite Element Solutions for the Equations of Groundwater Flow . Unirersity of Nevada, Publ, 1974. No. 18.
[43] France; P. W.. Finite Element Analysis of Two and Three Dimensional Unconfined Seepage problems in "Finite Elements in Water Resources" .1976
[44] Huang, Y H. et al.. Analysis of Unsteady Flow toward Artesian Wells by Three-Dimensional Finite Elements. University of Kentucky, Res. Rep., 1974. No. 75
[45] Huang, YH. et al.. Comparision of Three Dimensional Finite Elements for Aquifer Simulation in "Finite Elements in Water Resources", 1976
[46] Willis, R&Liu, P. L. -f. Optimization Model for Groundwater Planning[J]. Water Resources Planning & Management Div., ASCE, 1984
[47] 罗焕炎、陈雨孙.地下水运动的数值模拟.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1988
[48] 章光新、邓伟、李取生.地下水管理软件(REMAX)与国内三维流广义地下水管理模型殊途同归.世界地质,2001.20(1)
[49] 聂志宏、张弥、白李妍.用经验公式计算隧道涌水量.铁道标准设计,2000.
[50] 毛建安、石中平、毕焕军.秦岭隧道涌水量的综合勘察与预测计算法的综合应用.铁道工程学报,1998年第1期.
[51] 王锦国、周志芳、黄勇.基于压水试验资料的岩体透水性分形特征研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2003年第4期.
[52] 石中平.秦岭特长隧道水文地质工作综述.铁道工程学报,2000年第1期.
[53] 王子江.新概念水均衡法预测坑(隧)道涌水量.科学技术通讯,1995年第3期.