甘肃武都万象洞石笋灰度、微层特征及其古气候意义
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摘要
万象洞地处青藏高原东缘和黄土高原西南边缘过渡带,是典型季风系统相互作用的地区,接近夏季风降水的北界,对于亚洲季风的变化十分敏感,是研究亚洲季风变化的理想位置。石笋的气候代用指标很多,包括：碳氧同位素、灰度、微层、微量元素、生长速率、分子化石、密度等,对于万象洞石笋的研究过去十多年以来主要集中在对碳氧同位素记录的研究上。而本文选用万象洞石笋WXB07-4和WXB07-3两个石笋作为研究材料,通过提取WXB07-4石笋的反射光灰度变化曲线,并结合其18个230Th年代和311个氧同位素记录,探讨了8.9-5kaBP期间亚洲季风变迁在石笋灰度记录中的特征,同时通过与其他记录的对比,研究了万象洞石笋灰度变化的驱动机制。并通过对WXB07-3石笋微层特征的研究,探讨了万象洞石笋微层形成的可能因素。并获得了以下的结论：
1、WXB07-4生长速率的变化较大,最小值出现在5.6-5.1ka BP之间,最大值出现在6.4ka BP附近。从整体来看,8.9-6.7ka BP期间,生长速率比较低,6.7-6.2ka BP期间,虽然生长速率也出现了两个较低值的波动,但是总体上生长速率较高,6.2ka BP开始生长速率开始逐渐下降至最低值。
2、从WXB07-4石笋的灰度变化特征主要可以分为4个阶段：(1)8.9ka-8.5ka BP期间,灰度值从一个低值逐渐增大；(2)8.5ka-6.4ka BP期间,灰度值虽有起伏,但是总体变化不大；(3)6.4-5.6ka BP期间,灰度值突然增加,然后逐渐减小；(4) 5.6ka-5ka BP期间,灰度值较低。
3、WXB07-4的灰度记录与其d180记录的相关系数为-0.35,两者存在较强的相关关系,即当d180偏正时,代表季风相对较弱,气温较低,降水较少,对应石笋灰度值较小,反之依然。表明石笋灰度值的变化可以作为石笋古气候与古环境重建方法的有效补充。
4、WXB07-4石笋的灰度和氧同位素、董哥洞DA石笋氧同位素以及阿曼Q5石笋的氧同位素一致记录了发生在8.2ka BP、7.25ka BP、6.25ka BP以及5.6-5.2kaBP左右的四个季风减弱事件。
5、WXB07-4灰度与太阳总辐射度以及GISP2冰芯氧同位素之间存在良好的对应关系,表明亚洲季风强度与太阳活动密切相关,亚洲季风强度的变化与北半球高纬温度同步变化。
6、万象洞石笋WXB07-3的微层显微特征具有典型北方型石笋微层特征,通过与石花洞石笋微层的对比,结合两地现代的气候变化规律发现,微层暗条纹的厚薄可能与降水量的分布和年平均温度的变化存在关系。
Wanxiang Cave is located in the transition zone between the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and southwestern edge of the Loess Plateau. This zone,closed to the northern boundary of the summer monsoon,is a typical monsoon systems interaction area, is sensitive to changes in the Asian monsoon,and is a ideal location to study the Asian monsoon.There are many climate proxy indicators in stalagmite,including: carbon and oxygen isotopes, gray, micro-level, trace elements, growth rate, the molecular fossils, density and so on. In the past ten years,the climate research on Wanxiang cave was focus on the carbon and oxygen isotope records.In this paper,we use stalagmite WXB07-4 and WXB07-3 collected from Wanxiang Cave as the research materials. We extract the reflected light gray curve of the stalagmite WXB07-4, combined with its 18 230Th age and 311 oxygen isotope records,to research the gray features of Asian monsoon changes between 8.9 ka BP to 5 ka BP. And through comparing with other records,we discuss the driving mechanism of gray change.then we research the micro-level characteristics of the stalagmite WXB07-3,and discuss possible factors of the stalagmite formation. And we obtained the following conclusions:
1,The change of the growth rate of WXB07-4 is great. The minimum is in 5.6-5.lka BP and the maximum is near 6.4ka BP.On the whole,during 8.9-6.7 ka BP, the growth rate is relatively low. During 6.7-6.2 ka BP, although there have been two growth rate fluctuations, but the overall growth rate is higher. From the beginning of 6.2ka BP, the growth rate gradually declined to the lowest value.
2, The gray characteristics of the stalagmite WXB07-4 can be divided into four stages:(1) During 8.9-8.5ka BP, the gray level increase from a low value; (2) During 8.5-6.4ka BP, although the gray value is ups and downs, but overall has a little change; (3) During 6.4-5.6ka BP, the gray value has a sudden increase and then gradually decreased; (4) During 5.6-5ka BP, the gray value is lower.
3,The correlation coefficient of the gray and d18O of WXB07-4 is-0.35. This proves that there is a strong correlation between the gray and d18O. When d18O value is great, this is representative of the relatively weak monsoon, low temperatures,little precipitation,and small gray value,vice versa. This proves that the gray change in stalagmite can provide an effective supplement for paleoclimate and paleoenvironment reconstruction.
4, WXB07-4 gray, d18O, Dongge DA d18O and Aman Q5 d18O consistent record four monsoon weakened events occur in 8.2ka BP,7.25ka BP,6.25ka BP and 5.6-5.2ka BP.
5, There is a good correlation between WXB07-4 gray and total solar irradiance. It indicate that Asian monsoon closely related to solar activity.Between WXB07-4 gray and GISP2 ice core oxygen isotope also have a good correlation,indicating that Asian monsoon synchronously change with northern hemisphere high latitude temperature.
6, The micro-layer microscopic characteristics of stalagmite WXB07-3 is classified in typical North-type stalagmite micro-layer characteristics.Contrast with Shihua Cave stalagmite,combined with the modern climate change discipline in these two places,we find that the thickness of dark tripes in micro-layer may be related closely to changes of the annual precipitation and average temperature.
1、WXB07-4生长速率的变化较大,最小值出现在5.6-5.1ka BP之间,最大值出现在6.4ka BP附近。从整体来看,8.9-6.7ka BP期间,生长速率比较低,6.7-6.2ka BP期间,虽然生长速率也出现了两个较低值的波动,但是总体上生长速率较高,6.2ka BP开始生长速率开始逐渐下降至最低值。
2、从WXB07-4石笋的灰度变化特征主要可以分为4个阶段：(1)8.9ka-8.5ka BP期间,灰度值从一个低值逐渐增大；(2)8.5ka-6.4ka BP期间,灰度值虽有起伏,但是总体变化不大；(3)6.4-5.6ka BP期间,灰度值突然增加,然后逐渐减小；(4) 5.6ka-5ka BP期间,灰度值较低。
3、WXB07-4的灰度记录与其d180记录的相关系数为-0.35,两者存在较强的相关关系,即当d180偏正时,代表季风相对较弱,气温较低,降水较少,对应石笋灰度值较小,反之依然。表明石笋灰度值的变化可以作为石笋古气候与古环境重建方法的有效补充。
4、WXB07-4石笋的灰度和氧同位素、董哥洞DA石笋氧同位素以及阿曼Q5石笋的氧同位素一致记录了发生在8.2ka BP、7.25ka BP、6.25ka BP以及5.6-5.2kaBP左右的四个季风减弱事件。
5、WXB07-4灰度与太阳总辐射度以及GISP2冰芯氧同位素之间存在良好的对应关系,表明亚洲季风强度与太阳活动密切相关,亚洲季风强度的变化与北半球高纬温度同步变化。
6、万象洞石笋WXB07-3的微层显微特征具有典型北方型石笋微层特征,通过与石花洞石笋微层的对比,结合两地现代的气候变化规律发现,微层暗条纹的厚薄可能与降水量的分布和年平均温度的变化存在关系。
Wanxiang Cave is located in the transition zone between the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and southwestern edge of the Loess Plateau. This zone,closed to the northern boundary of the summer monsoon,is a typical monsoon systems interaction area, is sensitive to changes in the Asian monsoon,and is a ideal location to study the Asian monsoon.There are many climate proxy indicators in stalagmite,including: carbon and oxygen isotopes, gray, micro-level, trace elements, growth rate, the molecular fossils, density and so on. In the past ten years,the climate research on Wanxiang cave was focus on the carbon and oxygen isotope records.In this paper,we use stalagmite WXB07-4 and WXB07-3 collected from Wanxiang Cave as the research materials. We extract the reflected light gray curve of the stalagmite WXB07-4, combined with its 18 230Th age and 311 oxygen isotope records,to research the gray features of Asian monsoon changes between 8.9 ka BP to 5 ka BP. And through comparing with other records,we discuss the driving mechanism of gray change.then we research the micro-level characteristics of the stalagmite WXB07-3,and discuss possible factors of the stalagmite formation. And we obtained the following conclusions:
1,The change of the growth rate of WXB07-4 is great. The minimum is in 5.6-5.lka BP and the maximum is near 6.4ka BP.On the whole,during 8.9-6.7 ka BP, the growth rate is relatively low. During 6.7-6.2 ka BP, although there have been two growth rate fluctuations, but the overall growth rate is higher. From the beginning of 6.2ka BP, the growth rate gradually declined to the lowest value.
2, The gray characteristics of the stalagmite WXB07-4 can be divided into four stages:(1) During 8.9-8.5ka BP, the gray level increase from a low value; (2) During 8.5-6.4ka BP, although the gray value is ups and downs, but overall has a little change; (3) During 6.4-5.6ka BP, the gray value has a sudden increase and then gradually decreased; (4) During 5.6-5ka BP, the gray value is lower.
3,The correlation coefficient of the gray and d18O of WXB07-4 is-0.35. This proves that there is a strong correlation between the gray and d18O. When d18O value is great, this is representative of the relatively weak monsoon, low temperatures,little precipitation,and small gray value,vice versa. This proves that the gray change in stalagmite can provide an effective supplement for paleoclimate and paleoenvironment reconstruction.
4, WXB07-4 gray, d18O, Dongge DA d18O and Aman Q5 d18O consistent record four monsoon weakened events occur in 8.2ka BP,7.25ka BP,6.25ka BP and 5.6-5.2ka BP.
5, There is a good correlation between WXB07-4 gray and total solar irradiance. It indicate that Asian monsoon closely related to solar activity.Between WXB07-4 gray and GISP2 ice core oxygen isotope also have a good correlation,indicating that Asian monsoon synchronously change with northern hemisphere high latitude temperature.
6, The micro-layer microscopic characteristics of stalagmite WXB07-3 is classified in typical North-type stalagmite micro-layer characteristics.Contrast with Shihua Cave stalagmite,combined with the modern climate change discipline in these two places,we find that the thickness of dark tripes in micro-layer may be related closely to changes of the annual precipitation and average temperature.
引文
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