非饱和黄土动力本构模型及其在地铁车站地震反应分析中的应用
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摘要
地铁是解决城市交通堵塞和环境污染的最有效方法之一,被许多大型城市所采用。一般认为,地铁作为地下结构具有良好的抗震性能,但阪神地震表明,地铁在地震作用下也会发生严重破坏,而且灾后修复困难代价高昂。地铁车站是地铁运营中的枢纽,设备和人员集中,一旦破坏,后果十分严重。随着经济的发展,国内地铁建设数量的增多,对地铁车站进行地震反应研究不仅必要而且紧迫。鉴于以往的研究主要集中在饱和土地区,而非饱和土地区研究较少。本文以非饱和黄土为研究对象,在静力三轴试验和动力三轴试验的基础上,对其非饱和性和结构性进行了研究并建立了相应的动力本构模型,利用所建立的模型对非饱和黄土地区的场地和地铁车站进行了有限元—无限元耦合地震反应分析,取得了以下主要成果：
1、通过静力三轴试验,分别研究了四种含水率的重塑非饱和黄土和原状非饱和黄土在三种围压下的应力应变规律,分析了含水率和围压对土体的变形及强度的影响；通过动力三轴试验,研究了三种含水率非饱和黄土的动力变形规律,分别研究了含水率和围压对非饱和土的变形模量及阻尼比的影响,并分析了其产生的原因。通过重塑非饱和黄土和原状非饱和黄土的应力应变曲线对比,提出了结构应力分担比的概念,并研究了含水率和围压对其变化规律的影响,试验表明该参数可以合理有效的反映非饱和土的结构性。
2、基于边界面弹塑性模型理论,引入含水率,建立了重塑非饱和黄土的动力本构模型,详细分析了本构模型中的各个参数及其确定方法；基于二元介质本构理论,在重塑非饱和黄土动力本构模型的基础上,引入结构应力分担比,建立了原状非饱和黄土的动力本构模型,并给出了结构应力分担比定量表达式及其确定的方法。所建模型具有参数易于确定便于工程应用的优点,模型以含水率作为参数反映土体的非饱和性,避免了基质吸力难以确定的问题；以结构应力分担比作为参数反映土体的结构性,克服了从微观角度研究结构性及其成果难以应用的缺点。
3、给出了本构模型程序实现的思路和步骤,推导了相关的公式,并用FORTRAN语言开发编写了所建动力本构模型的子程序；利用有限元软件ABAQUS对静力和动力试验进行了模拟。结果表明,所建立的本构模型能较为准确的反映重塑非饱和黄土和原状非饱和黄土的力学特性,所开发的子程序具有较好的稳定性和较高的精度。
4、利用本文建立的非饱和黄土动力本构模型,建立了有限元—无限元耦合模型,对非饱和黄土自由场地进行了地震反应分析,分析了在水平地震作用下上覆土层厚度、含水率、结构性对地震反应的影响,分析比较了单向地震反应和双向地震反应的不同；对非饱和黄土地区拟建的地铁车站进行了地震反应分析,给出了水平、竖向和双向地震反应分析结果,并对比分析了三种地震输入方式对结构反应的影响,研究了结构埋深对地震反应的影响,总结提出了相应的规律,对工程实践提出了有益的建议和指导。
The subway is one of the most effective methods to solve urban traffic congestion and pollution of the environment, used by many large cities. People generally considered that the subway as the underground structure has stronger anti-seismic capability. But Kobe earthquake and other earthqakes show that the subway may also occur severely damaged under the earthquake, and it is very difficult to repair. Subway station is the hub of metro operation. There are many equipments and persons. It will bring large economic and societal losses when it is destroyed. With the development of economy, the dimension of subway construction is extened increasingly. It is necessary and pressing to study on the response of the subway station under the earthquake. The study is usually in the saturated soil area, and it is a less in unsaturated soil area. On the basis of previous researches about the structure and unsaturation of unsaturated soils, this paper establishes the dynamic model of the unsaturated soils. The seismic response of the unsaturated soils field and the subway station in unsaturated soil area are analyzed by finite-infinite element coupling method with the establisded model. The main content of the paper including the followings five aspects:
(1) The stress-strain of five kinds of water content unsaturated soil under three kinds of consolidtated pressures is studied through the soil of static triaxial shearing test. The effect of water content and consolidtated pressure to the strength and deformation is analyzed. The stress share ratio is defined to study the structure of unsaturated soil, the effect of two factors are analyzed. The stress-strain of three kinds of water content unsaturated soil is studied through the soil of dynamic triaxial shearing test. The damp and dynamic modul between water content are analyzed.
(2) The dynamic model of reconstituted unsaturated soil is established based on the theory of bounding surface model. It contains the parameter of water water content in order to express unsaturated. The itact unsaturated soil's dynamic model is established based on model of reconstituted unsaturated soil by introducing the parameter of stress share ratio.
(3) The programming steps of the unsaturated soil's dynamic model is given and the detailed numerical calculation formula is deduced. The programm of the model is writen by Fortran language on the platform of the finite element software ABAQUS. The tests of soil are modeled to validate the established models.
(4) On the basis of the established unsaturated soil's model, the seismic response of the unsaturated soils field and the subway station in unsaturated soil area are analyzed by finite-infinite element coupling method. The effects of some factors, such as water content, soil structure, depth are analyzed.
1、通过静力三轴试验,分别研究了四种含水率的重塑非饱和黄土和原状非饱和黄土在三种围压下的应力应变规律,分析了含水率和围压对土体的变形及强度的影响；通过动力三轴试验,研究了三种含水率非饱和黄土的动力变形规律,分别研究了含水率和围压对非饱和土的变形模量及阻尼比的影响,并分析了其产生的原因。通过重塑非饱和黄土和原状非饱和黄土的应力应变曲线对比,提出了结构应力分担比的概念,并研究了含水率和围压对其变化规律的影响,试验表明该参数可以合理有效的反映非饱和土的结构性。
2、基于边界面弹塑性模型理论,引入含水率,建立了重塑非饱和黄土的动力本构模型,详细分析了本构模型中的各个参数及其确定方法；基于二元介质本构理论,在重塑非饱和黄土动力本构模型的基础上,引入结构应力分担比,建立了原状非饱和黄土的动力本构模型,并给出了结构应力分担比定量表达式及其确定的方法。所建模型具有参数易于确定便于工程应用的优点,模型以含水率作为参数反映土体的非饱和性,避免了基质吸力难以确定的问题；以结构应力分担比作为参数反映土体的结构性,克服了从微观角度研究结构性及其成果难以应用的缺点。
3、给出了本构模型程序实现的思路和步骤,推导了相关的公式,并用FORTRAN语言开发编写了所建动力本构模型的子程序；利用有限元软件ABAQUS对静力和动力试验进行了模拟。结果表明,所建立的本构模型能较为准确的反映重塑非饱和黄土和原状非饱和黄土的力学特性,所开发的子程序具有较好的稳定性和较高的精度。
4、利用本文建立的非饱和黄土动力本构模型,建立了有限元—无限元耦合模型,对非饱和黄土自由场地进行了地震反应分析,分析了在水平地震作用下上覆土层厚度、含水率、结构性对地震反应的影响,分析比较了单向地震反应和双向地震反应的不同；对非饱和黄土地区拟建的地铁车站进行了地震反应分析,给出了水平、竖向和双向地震反应分析结果,并对比分析了三种地震输入方式对结构反应的影响,研究了结构埋深对地震反应的影响,总结提出了相应的规律,对工程实践提出了有益的建议和指导。
The subway is one of the most effective methods to solve urban traffic congestion and pollution of the environment, used by many large cities. People generally considered that the subway as the underground structure has stronger anti-seismic capability. But Kobe earthquake and other earthqakes show that the subway may also occur severely damaged under the earthquake, and it is very difficult to repair. Subway station is the hub of metro operation. There are many equipments and persons. It will bring large economic and societal losses when it is destroyed. With the development of economy, the dimension of subway construction is extened increasingly. It is necessary and pressing to study on the response of the subway station under the earthquake. The study is usually in the saturated soil area, and it is a less in unsaturated soil area. On the basis of previous researches about the structure and unsaturation of unsaturated soils, this paper establishes the dynamic model of the unsaturated soils. The seismic response of the unsaturated soils field and the subway station in unsaturated soil area are analyzed by finite-infinite element coupling method with the establisded model. The main content of the paper including the followings five aspects:
(1) The stress-strain of five kinds of water content unsaturated soil under three kinds of consolidtated pressures is studied through the soil of static triaxial shearing test. The effect of water content and consolidtated pressure to the strength and deformation is analyzed. The stress share ratio is defined to study the structure of unsaturated soil, the effect of two factors are analyzed. The stress-strain of three kinds of water content unsaturated soil is studied through the soil of dynamic triaxial shearing test. The damp and dynamic modul between water content are analyzed.
(2) The dynamic model of reconstituted unsaturated soil is established based on the theory of bounding surface model. It contains the parameter of water water content in order to express unsaturated. The itact unsaturated soil's dynamic model is established based on model of reconstituted unsaturated soil by introducing the parameter of stress share ratio.
(3) The programming steps of the unsaturated soil's dynamic model is given and the detailed numerical calculation formula is deduced. The programm of the model is writen by Fortran language on the platform of the finite element software ABAQUS. The tests of soil are modeled to validate the established models.
(4) On the basis of the established unsaturated soil's model, the seismic response of the unsaturated soils field and the subway station in unsaturated soil area are analyzed by finite-infinite element coupling method. The effects of some factors, such as water content, soil structure, depth are analyzed.
引文
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