自动盘煤及管理系统
摘要
燃煤调度管理是燃煤电厂生产管理的一项重要工作,对燃煤电厂的经济运行有直接的影响。存煤量的测量是煤场调度管理的核心问题,如何对煤场的存煤量自动地进行准确测量,是长期困扰燃煤电厂的一大难题。快速、准确地测量出煤场上不同热值煤堆的体积并提供各种煤堆的存煤量,是燃煤电厂进行成本核算、经济效益评估和科学管理的主要依据。
近年来随着计算机硬件水平的快速发展,尤其是图形处理器(GPU)的出现和发展,使得基于GPU的图形处理技术能得以广泛地应用于商业高端运算、医疗图像的生成和大地测绘等领域。
本文所研究的自动盘煤及管理系统,利用由激光测距仪、行程传感器和步进电机组成的硬件系统,采集煤堆表面数据,生成三维坐标数据;应用Visual Studio 2005 Sp1及DirectX SDK 2009.3软件将三维坐标数据进行渲染后,采用基于GPU技术的三维图像重建算法,利用GPU的高速浮点运算能力和几何运算能力对渲染的三维图像进行重新采样、归一化、边界划分等处理后,运用Delaunay三角剖分三维重构算法拟合三维曲面生成煤堆的三维立体图;利用生成的三维立体图进行数据处理得出各子煤堆的体积值,最后用求和的方法得出所测煤堆的体积。应用Visual C++ 6.0软件对燃煤管理系统进行开发设计,以实现煤场管理人员对煤场快速有效的管理。
本文所研究的自动盘煤系统在盘煤的实时性和准确性方面都有显著的改善,取得了比较满意的结果。
Coal planning is an important work in production managements of power plant as it influences directly the running of the economy of the plant. It is a key problem, and also a difficult problem that puzzles coal plant all the time how to measure the coal inventory automatically and accurately. It is necessary to measure the volume of various calorific coal stacks quickly and accurately in order to gain the inventory of coal stacks, which is a main basis for the plant to do cost accounting, economic benefits evaluation and scientific management.
Recent years, with the continuous development of computer hardware, especially the appearance and development of GPU, graphical processing technique based on GPU has been widely used in commercial high-end computing, generation of medical image and land surveying, etc.
Aiming at the automatic inventory of coal stacks and management system, research work carried out in the paper can be stated as follows: Data from surface of coal stacks can be gathered, and 3D coordinate data can also be generated by means of the hardware system which is composed of 3D laser range-finders, stroke sensor and step-motor. 3D coordinate data is used to draw 3D images by Visual Studio 2005 Sp1 and DirectX SDK 2009.3. By using 3D image reconstruction algorithm based on GPU, and high-speed capacity of GPU consist of the floating-point operation ability and the geometric operation ability to generate 3D image, through the processing of dispose image by sampling the new 3D model, homogenization, border demarcation, 3D model based on arithmetic of Delaunay’triangulation dividing can be established. With the 3D model, the volume of subsidiary pile can be calculated. Afterward, by adding to the volume of subsidiary pile the total volume can be obtained. The development and design of coal management system by Visual C++6.0 can provide more fast and effective management to the power plant.
Research work indicates that instantaneity and accuracy of the system of automatic measuring coal have been improved greatly, and satisfactory results also have been obtained.
近年来随着计算机硬件水平的快速发展,尤其是图形处理器(GPU)的出现和发展,使得基于GPU的图形处理技术能得以广泛地应用于商业高端运算、医疗图像的生成和大地测绘等领域。
本文所研究的自动盘煤及管理系统,利用由激光测距仪、行程传感器和步进电机组成的硬件系统,采集煤堆表面数据,生成三维坐标数据;应用Visual Studio 2005 Sp1及DirectX SDK 2009.3软件将三维坐标数据进行渲染后,采用基于GPU技术的三维图像重建算法,利用GPU的高速浮点运算能力和几何运算能力对渲染的三维图像进行重新采样、归一化、边界划分等处理后,运用Delaunay三角剖分三维重构算法拟合三维曲面生成煤堆的三维立体图;利用生成的三维立体图进行数据处理得出各子煤堆的体积值,最后用求和的方法得出所测煤堆的体积。应用Visual C++ 6.0软件对燃煤管理系统进行开发设计,以实现煤场管理人员对煤场快速有效的管理。
本文所研究的自动盘煤系统在盘煤的实时性和准确性方面都有显著的改善,取得了比较满意的结果。
Coal planning is an important work in production managements of power plant as it influences directly the running of the economy of the plant. It is a key problem, and also a difficult problem that puzzles coal plant all the time how to measure the coal inventory automatically and accurately. It is necessary to measure the volume of various calorific coal stacks quickly and accurately in order to gain the inventory of coal stacks, which is a main basis for the plant to do cost accounting, economic benefits evaluation and scientific management.
Recent years, with the continuous development of computer hardware, especially the appearance and development of GPU, graphical processing technique based on GPU has been widely used in commercial high-end computing, generation of medical image and land surveying, etc.
Aiming at the automatic inventory of coal stacks and management system, research work carried out in the paper can be stated as follows: Data from surface of coal stacks can be gathered, and 3D coordinate data can also be generated by means of the hardware system which is composed of 3D laser range-finders, stroke sensor and step-motor. 3D coordinate data is used to draw 3D images by Visual Studio 2005 Sp1 and DirectX SDK 2009.3. By using 3D image reconstruction algorithm based on GPU, and high-speed capacity of GPU consist of the floating-point operation ability and the geometric operation ability to generate 3D image, through the processing of dispose image by sampling the new 3D model, homogenization, border demarcation, 3D model based on arithmetic of Delaunay’triangulation dividing can be established. With the 3D model, the volume of subsidiary pile can be calculated. Afterward, by adding to the volume of subsidiary pile the total volume can be obtained. The development and design of coal management system by Visual C++6.0 can provide more fast and effective management to the power plant.
Research work indicates that instantaneity and accuracy of the system of automatic measuring coal have been improved greatly, and satisfactory results also have been obtained.
引文
[1]刘俊业.桥电二厂1#储煤场激光盘煤系统安装及应用[J].青海电力,2001(3).
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[3]刘磊,姚万业,翟永杰等.基于计算机视觉的便携式激光盘煤系统的研究[J].华北电力大学学报, 2005,32(2):62-66.
[4]王朝辉,于萍,姚万业等.便携式激光盘煤系统的研究应用[J].河北电力技术,2003,22(4):31-34.
[5]钟联波. GPU与CPU的比较分析[J].技术与市场,2009,16(9):13-14.
[6]熊友辉,李培生,邹显宏等.便携激光盘燥系统原来及应用[J].中国电力,2003,36(6):48-51.
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[8] Kruger Jens,Westemrnna Rudiger. Linear algebra operator for GPU implementation of numerical algorithms[J]. ACM transaetions on Grpahies,2003,(3).
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[10]张冬生,杨耀权,何晓燕等.煤场体积测量中三维模型的建立[J].计算机测量与控制,2003,11(3):168-170.
[11]邓任远.光学三角法在大面积体积测量中的应用[J].光学精密工程,1994,2(4):121-130.
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[17]胡腾飞,张永德,于爽.基于AT89 C52单片机的激光测距仪控制器[J].自动化技术应用,2004,23(3):74-77.
[18]杨婷,姜丽莹.激光体积测量中散乱数据的可视化[J].电脑与信息技术,2007,15(2):23-24.
[19]于瑞生.燃煤最佳混配比例的确定方法[J].华东电力,1995(5).
[20] Joo -Hwee Lim. Photograph retrieval and classification by visual keywords and thesaurus[J]. New Generation Computing,1999,18(2000):147-156.
[21] I. G. Dedovets and A. A. Toporov. Procedural errors in measuring coal and coke temperatures[J]. Coke and Chemistry,2007,50(4):110-112.
[22]唐泽圣.三维数据场可视化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[23]王岩.火电厂盘煤新方法研究[D].华北电力大学(北京),2004.
[24]宗伟林,赵英林,王伟等.超声测距煤场储量自动计量测绘系统的应用[J].中国电力,1999,32(4):78-80.
[25]韩宏彬.储煤场煤量激光盘点系统的应用误差分析[J].应用能源技术,2009(9).
[26]丁希宁,杨跃权,李小慧等.火电厂露天旋转式激光盘煤装置[J].华北电力大学学报,1999,26(1):94-98.
[27]刘明,徐飞,刘玉.基于GPU的大规模波动草叶实时渲染技术[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(4):293-295.
[28]谭久宏,周雄超,吴钦章.基于GPU的数字图象处理[J].科技文汇,2006(7).
[29]张文军,舒新前,姜洪才等.基于激光三维扫描的不规则煤场测量系统设计[J].媒体科学技术,2009,37(5):111-114.
[30]梁亮.基于可编程图形硬件的三维图像快速重建算法研究[D].西北工业大学,2005.
[31] TongAnmin. A Computer Management System for Coal Weighing Belt in Power Plant[J]. Electronies&Automation,1998,27(6);12-15.
[32] Zheng Minzhi,Li Wujin,Fu Jingtao. An Effective Image Mixed Noise Removal and Features Preserving Filter[J]. 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering,2010(9):524-528.
[33] Hou Qiang,Pan Heping,Li Juan. Natural Image Understanding via Sparse Coding[J]. 2010 2nd International Conference on Future Computer and Communication,2010(3):586-590.
[34]何元清,孙世新,傅彦.并行编程模式及分析[J].电子科技大学学报,2002,31(2):173-175.
[35]尚启马,周宇.激光盘点系统在火电厂的应用[J].华东电力,2001(10).
[36]魏德华,唐勇,苏黎.激光盘点系统在火电厂中的应用[J].云南电力技术,2001,29(1):53-54.
[37]张国文.激光视觉三维测量技术在煤场自动计量中的应用[J].江西煤炭科技,2004,3(3):19-20.
[38]靳海亮,卢小平,刘慧杰.利用可编程GPU硬件进行大规模真实感地形绘制[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2010,35(2):143-146.
[39]杨耀权,于希宁,施仁.煤场存煤量测量中煤堆三维立体图生成方法研究[J].动力工程,1999,19(2):76-78.
[40]金涛.煤场信息管理系统的设计与应用[J].华北电力技术,2002(7).
[41]李树军.浅谈煤场管理[J].煤质技术,2010(1).
[42] Xie Ning,Qin Jian,Liu Yanling. Study for Generation Method of 3D Coal Pile Image in Coal Yard[J]. 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2010 (9):539-541.
[43] Cai Qiuyuan,Wang Gengsheng,Yu Yunxin. Rsearch of Still Image Compression Based on Daubechies 9/7 Wavelet Transform[J]. 2010 2nd International Conference on Future Computer and Communication,2010(3):357-361.
[44]王镜生.沙角A电厂燃煤储备动态查询系统开发与应用[J].清远职业技术学院学报,2008,1(2):7-13.
[45]马立广.地面三维激光扫描仪的分类与应用[J].地理控件信息,2005,3(3): 60-62.
[46]张国辉.基于三维激光扫描仪的地形变化监测[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):96-97.
[47]史涛,李志刚,陈至坤,张涌涛.煤场监控系统[J].河北理工学院学报,2006,28(3):67-69.
[48]王颖,张毅,戚俊,赵欣,李季.激光测距仪数据通讯处理技术的研究[J].量子电子学报,2005,22(5):758-762.
[49]史红,胡腾飞,张永德.基于MSP430单片机的激光测距仪控制器开发[J].自动化技术与应用,2007,26(6):109-111.
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[51] Liu Yanlin,Qin Jian,Xie Ning. Study for Measurement Method for Coal Volume on Base of GPU[J]. 2010 2nd International Conference on Future Computer and Communication,2010(3):412-414.
[52]李朝青.单片机原理及接口技术[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2010.
[2]刘红军,于希宁,杨糖权等.露天煤场激光摄象盘煤系统的研究[J].华北电力技术, 1999(1).
[3]刘磊,姚万业,翟永杰等.基于计算机视觉的便携式激光盘煤系统的研究[J].华北电力大学学报, 2005,32(2):62-66.
[4]王朝辉,于萍,姚万业等.便携式激光盘煤系统的研究应用[J].河北电力技术,2003,22(4):31-34.
[5]钟联波. GPU与CPU的比较分析[J].技术与市场,2009,16(9):13-14.
[6]熊友辉,李培生,邹显宏等.便携激光盘燥系统原来及应用[J].中国电力,2003,36(6):48-51.
[7] Rnadima Fenrnado,Mark J.Kilgadr. The Cg Tutorial: The Definitive Guide to Porgrammable Real-Time Grpahics[M]. Addison一Wesley Pub Co,2003.
[8] Kruger Jens,Westemrnna Rudiger. Linear algebra operator for GPU implementation of numerical algorithms[J]. ACM transaetions on Grpahies,2003,(3).
[9] Mark Segal,et al. Fast shadows and lighting effects using texture mapping[J]. In Poreeedings of SIGGRAPH’92,Pgaes:240-257,1992.
[10]张冬生,杨耀权,何晓燕等.煤场体积测量中三维模型的建立[J].计算机测量与控制,2003,11(3):168-170.
[11]邓任远.光学三角法在大面积体积测量中的应用[J].光学精密工程,1994,2(4):121-130.
[12]赵庆阳.三维激光扫描仪数据采集系统研制[D].西安科技大学,2008.
[13]侯其锋,李晓华,李莎. Visual C++数据库通用模块开发与系统移植[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2007.
[14]刘锐宁,宋坤. Visual C++从入门到精通[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008.
[15]明日科技. Visual C++范例宝典[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[16]古万荣. Visual C++完全自学手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009.
[17]胡腾飞,张永德,于爽.基于AT89 C52单片机的激光测距仪控制器[J].自动化技术应用,2004,23(3):74-77.
[18]杨婷,姜丽莹.激光体积测量中散乱数据的可视化[J].电脑与信息技术,2007,15(2):23-24.
[19]于瑞生.燃煤最佳混配比例的确定方法[J].华东电力,1995(5).
[20] Joo -Hwee Lim. Photograph retrieval and classification by visual keywords and thesaurus[J]. New Generation Computing,1999,18(2000):147-156.
[21] I. G. Dedovets and A. A. Toporov. Procedural errors in measuring coal and coke temperatures[J]. Coke and Chemistry,2007,50(4):110-112.
[22]唐泽圣.三维数据场可视化[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1999.
[23]王岩.火电厂盘煤新方法研究[D].华北电力大学(北京),2004.
[24]宗伟林,赵英林,王伟等.超声测距煤场储量自动计量测绘系统的应用[J].中国电力,1999,32(4):78-80.
[25]韩宏彬.储煤场煤量激光盘点系统的应用误差分析[J].应用能源技术,2009(9).
[26]丁希宁,杨跃权,李小慧等.火电厂露天旋转式激光盘煤装置[J].华北电力大学学报,1999,26(1):94-98.
[27]刘明,徐飞,刘玉.基于GPU的大规模波动草叶实时渲染技术[J].微计算机信息,2008,24(4):293-295.
[28]谭久宏,周雄超,吴钦章.基于GPU的数字图象处理[J].科技文汇,2006(7).
[29]张文军,舒新前,姜洪才等.基于激光三维扫描的不规则煤场测量系统设计[J].媒体科学技术,2009,37(5):111-114.
[30]梁亮.基于可编程图形硬件的三维图像快速重建算法研究[D].西北工业大学,2005.
[31] TongAnmin. A Computer Management System for Coal Weighing Belt in Power Plant[J]. Electronies&Automation,1998,27(6);12-15.
[32] Zheng Minzhi,Li Wujin,Fu Jingtao. An Effective Image Mixed Noise Removal and Features Preserving Filter[J]. 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering,2010(9):524-528.
[33] Hou Qiang,Pan Heping,Li Juan. Natural Image Understanding via Sparse Coding[J]. 2010 2nd International Conference on Future Computer and Communication,2010(3):586-590.
[34]何元清,孙世新,傅彦.并行编程模式及分析[J].电子科技大学学报,2002,31(2):173-175.
[35]尚启马,周宇.激光盘点系统在火电厂的应用[J].华东电力,2001(10).
[36]魏德华,唐勇,苏黎.激光盘点系统在火电厂中的应用[J].云南电力技术,2001,29(1):53-54.
[37]张国文.激光视觉三维测量技术在煤场自动计量中的应用[J].江西煤炭科技,2004,3(3):19-20.
[38]靳海亮,卢小平,刘慧杰.利用可编程GPU硬件进行大规模真实感地形绘制[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版),2010,35(2):143-146.
[39]杨耀权,于希宁,施仁.煤场存煤量测量中煤堆三维立体图生成方法研究[J].动力工程,1999,19(2):76-78.
[40]金涛.煤场信息管理系统的设计与应用[J].华北电力技术,2002(7).
[41]李树军.浅谈煤场管理[J].煤质技术,2010(1).
[42] Xie Ning,Qin Jian,Liu Yanling. Study for Generation Method of 3D Coal Pile Image in Coal Yard[J]. 2010 3rd International Conference on Computer and Electrical Engineering, 2010 (9):539-541.
[43] Cai Qiuyuan,Wang Gengsheng,Yu Yunxin. Rsearch of Still Image Compression Based on Daubechies 9/7 Wavelet Transform[J]. 2010 2nd International Conference on Future Computer and Communication,2010(3):357-361.
[44]王镜生.沙角A电厂燃煤储备动态查询系统开发与应用[J].清远职业技术学院学报,2008,1(2):7-13.
[45]马立广.地面三维激光扫描仪的分类与应用[J].地理控件信息,2005,3(3): 60-62.
[46]张国辉.基于三维激光扫描仪的地形变化监测[J].仪器仪表学报,2006,27(6):96-97.
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