三维激光扫描应用技术研究
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摘要
三维激光扫描技术是一门新兴的测绘技术,将是测绘领域GPS技术之后的又一次技术革命,三维激光扫描仪已经成为测绘仪器发展的重要方向。为提高现有三维激光扫描仪的性能,拓展其应用范围,本文着重研究了三维激光扫描仪的全站化的方法。在扫描仪中引入了平台坐标系,通过研究坐标系转换和扫描仪定向,给出了扫描仪全站化的实现方案;根据扫描数据特点,设计了用于扫描仪识别的定向标牌,设计并实现了识别算法;为获取扫描仪旋转角度,采用光栅度盘作为角度传感器,设计并实现了角度信息采集系统,实时计算并显示度盘旋转角度。为便于扫描数据的应用,采用OSG开发了扫描数据后处理软件平台。为提高国内锻件测量水平,研究了三维激光扫描仪在大型高温锻件测量中的应用,并采用国产的商用三维激光扫描仪TM1600在锻造车间做了测量实验。
The 3-D Laser scanning technology is a rising surveying and mapping technology, and will be the technological revolutions in the surveying and mapping field next to the GPS technology. The 3-D Laser scanner is already the important development directions of the instruments of surveying and mapping. A method to totalize the 3-D Laser scanner is mainly researched in this paper to improve the existing scanner’s performance and expand its applied range. A platform coordinate is imported into the scanner, and the totalizing technique of the scanner is represented based on the research of the coordinate transform and the scanner’s orientation. The orientation marker and the orientation arithmetic are designed according to the characteristics of the scanning data. An angle-info acquisition system is designed and realized to get the real-time angle using a raster disc as the sensor. A software platform for the processing of the scanning data is developed using the OSG convient for the application of the scanning data. The application of 3D Laser scanning technology in heavy and high-temperature forgings dimensional metrology is researched to improve the measurement of the internal forging, and the experiment is made in the forging workshop using the commercial scanner that is made in China.
The 3-D Laser scanning technology is a rising surveying and mapping technology, and will be the technological revolutions in the surveying and mapping field next to the GPS technology. The 3-D Laser scanner is already the important development directions of the instruments of surveying and mapping. A method to totalize the 3-D Laser scanner is mainly researched in this paper to improve the existing scanner’s performance and expand its applied range. A platform coordinate is imported into the scanner, and the totalizing technique of the scanner is represented based on the research of the coordinate transform and the scanner’s orientation. The orientation marker and the orientation arithmetic are designed according to the characteristics of the scanning data. An angle-info acquisition system is designed and realized to get the real-time angle using a raster disc as the sensor. A software platform for the processing of the scanning data is developed using the OSG convient for the application of the scanning data. The application of 3D Laser scanning technology in heavy and high-temperature forgings dimensional metrology is researched to improve the measurement of the internal forging, and the experiment is made in the forging workshop using the commercial scanner that is made in China.
引文
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[21]臧春雨.三维激光扫描技术在文保研究中的应用[J].传统与发展.2006,12:54-56.
[22]李必军,方志祥,仁娟.从激光扫描数据中进行建筑物特征提取研究[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版).2003,11:65-69.
[23]尤红建,苏林.基于机载激光扫描数据提取建筑物的研究现状[J].测绘科学.2005,10:114-115.
[24]罗旭,程承旗,冯仲科等.基于三维激光扫描成像系统的树木干曲线的分形特征[J].水土保持研究.2007,10:372-376.
[25]陈功,程正逢,石克勤等.激光雷达在电力线路工程勘测设计中的应用[J].岩土工程.2006,10:53-56.
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[29] Experimental comparison of filter algorithms for bare-Earth extraction from airborne laser scanning point clouds, Sithole George, Vosselman George, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 2004(59): 85-101.
[30] Integration of laser-derived DSMs and matched image edges for generating an accurate surface model, McIntosh Kerry, Krupnik Amnon, ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 2002(56): 167-176.
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[32]欧阳俊华.近距离三维激光扫描技术[J].红外,2006,3(3):1-7.
[33]毛方儒,王磊.三维激光扫描测量技术[J].宇航计测技术,2005,4(2):1-6.
[34]陈静,李清泉,李必军.激光扫描测量系统的应用研究[J].测绘工程,2001,3(1):49-52.
[35]周国彪,韩明,张李超,胡勇.三维激光扫描控制系统研究[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2003,2(2):109-110.
[36]李田泽.激光扫描成像系统的设计分析及应用[J].红外技术,2004,7(4):16-19.
[37]董良泽,王文,陆军华,韦东波.三维激光扫描机的研究与开发[J].机床与液压,2006,11:155-156.
[38]王健,靳奉祥,卢秀山.2Dsurs中激光扫描仪工作平台的姿态纠正[J].计算机工程与应用,2006,17:174-176.
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[40]陶立,许智钦,孙长库.激光平面扫描3D测量系统快速标定技术[J].光电子·激光,2003,9(9):965-968.
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