赤平投影在工程地质勘探中的应用研究
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摘要
工程地质勘探中,遇到目标层埋藏较深或者场地受到限制的勘察工程,需要运用到定向钻进技术;在确定未出露岩层的结构面产状时也会运用到岩心定向技术。而定向钻孔轨迹设计和岩心定向技术中存在着大量的计算工作,特别是空间角度的计算,计算过程繁琐复杂。为了简化计算过程,论文研究了赤平投影方法在定向钻孔轨迹设计和岩心定向技术中的应用,并取得了一定的成果。
论文通过调查研究、室内试验、野外试验、理论分析、工程应用等研究方法,对赤平投影在受控定向钻孔设计,包括三维剖面设计中的应用进行了分析研究;对赤平投影方法应用在岩心定向技术中确定结构面产状进行了分析研究。
运用赤平投影的基本原理,将赤平投影的方法应用到定向钻进轴线的设计计算中,得到一系列的特征参数计算公式。以赤平投影技术为工具,推导出造斜时各角度的关系。在空间定向分枝孔的设计中,采用赤平投影的方法,将空间定向孔轴线投影到赤道平面,从而将空间问题转化为平面问题,再利用球面三角形有关公式进行计算,可得到定向钻孔的各特征参数,并在此基础上利用PowerBuilder开发工具编制了定向钻孔轨迹轴线设计应用软件。
分析研究了赤平投影方法在岩心定向技术中的应用。介绍了赤平投影方法在刻痕法岩心定向和非刻痕法岩心定向中确定结构面产状中的应用。讨论了赤平投影在图算法和计算法两种方法中的使用,并得出一系列特征参数的计算公式。
论文结合工程实例,论证了将赤平投影方法应用到受控定向钻进技术中是完全可行的。不仅可以简化空间角度计算的难度,而且使得图解时更为直观,并且增加了计算的精确性。
In geology engineering investigation, encountered in the target layer buried deeper or site restricted of investigation works, where the subject needs to use directional drilling technology; and it still needs to use directional drilling technology to define the unexposed rock of the occurrence of the structure plane. Directional drilling Trajectory design and Core-orientation technology exist a large number of calculations, in particular, the calculation of the oriental angle. The process of calculation is rather cumbersome and complex. The paper studies the use of Stereographic projection into the process of simplifying the calculation, and it achieved some results.
In this paper, Stereographic projection in the controlled directional drilling technology is concluded by investigation and study, laboratory testing, field experiments, theoretical analysis, process improvement, engineering and other research methods, including the use of the three-dimensional Profile Design ; analyzed and studied that how to define the occurrence of structure plane by the Core-orientation technology through the Stereographic projection.
Through analysis of Stereographic projection of the basic principles of face, the red-line projection method, Stereographic projection methods are applied to the directional drilling axis design calculations, having a range of parameters formula. By the application of Stereographic projection, relationships of angles of deviating are been derived. Three-dimensional orientation in space-branch in the design, through the use of red-projection method, three-dimensional space-oriented branches to the equatorial plane projection axis, thus plane into the issue, re-use of the spherical triangle formula, to be Directional Drilling characteristics of the various parameters. And on this basis, the use of development tools PowerBuilder cored Directional drilling Trajectory axes design applications.
In this paper, through analysis and study Stereographic projection method in the application of Core-orientation technology, and introduction of Stereographic projection method in the application of how to define the occurrence of the structral plane by indentation Core-orientation and unindentation Core-orientation, and discussion of Stereographic projection in the use of Chart law and numeration.
The paper with engineering examples demonstrated that it is feasible by the use of Stereographic projection technology in the controlled directional drilling technology. Not only simplify the difficulty of the calculation of the oriental angle, but also make diagrammatize more intuitive, and still add the accuracy of the caculation.
论文通过调查研究、室内试验、野外试验、理论分析、工程应用等研究方法,对赤平投影在受控定向钻孔设计,包括三维剖面设计中的应用进行了分析研究;对赤平投影方法应用在岩心定向技术中确定结构面产状进行了分析研究。
运用赤平投影的基本原理,将赤平投影的方法应用到定向钻进轴线的设计计算中,得到一系列的特征参数计算公式。以赤平投影技术为工具,推导出造斜时各角度的关系。在空间定向分枝孔的设计中,采用赤平投影的方法,将空间定向孔轴线投影到赤道平面,从而将空间问题转化为平面问题,再利用球面三角形有关公式进行计算,可得到定向钻孔的各特征参数,并在此基础上利用PowerBuilder开发工具编制了定向钻孔轨迹轴线设计应用软件。
分析研究了赤平投影方法在岩心定向技术中的应用。介绍了赤平投影方法在刻痕法岩心定向和非刻痕法岩心定向中确定结构面产状中的应用。讨论了赤平投影在图算法和计算法两种方法中的使用,并得出一系列特征参数的计算公式。
论文结合工程实例,论证了将赤平投影方法应用到受控定向钻进技术中是完全可行的。不仅可以简化空间角度计算的难度,而且使得图解时更为直观,并且增加了计算的精确性。
In geology engineering investigation, encountered in the target layer buried deeper or site restricted of investigation works, where the subject needs to use directional drilling technology; and it still needs to use directional drilling technology to define the unexposed rock of the occurrence of the structure plane. Directional drilling Trajectory design and Core-orientation technology exist a large number of calculations, in particular, the calculation of the oriental angle. The process of calculation is rather cumbersome and complex. The paper studies the use of Stereographic projection into the process of simplifying the calculation, and it achieved some results.
In this paper, Stereographic projection in the controlled directional drilling technology is concluded by investigation and study, laboratory testing, field experiments, theoretical analysis, process improvement, engineering and other research methods, including the use of the three-dimensional Profile Design ; analyzed and studied that how to define the occurrence of structure plane by the Core-orientation technology through the Stereographic projection.
Through analysis of Stereographic projection of the basic principles of face, the red-line projection method, Stereographic projection methods are applied to the directional drilling axis design calculations, having a range of parameters formula. By the application of Stereographic projection, relationships of angles of deviating are been derived. Three-dimensional orientation in space-branch in the design, through the use of red-projection method, three-dimensional space-oriented branches to the equatorial plane projection axis, thus plane into the issue, re-use of the spherical triangle formula, to be Directional Drilling characteristics of the various parameters. And on this basis, the use of development tools PowerBuilder cored Directional drilling Trajectory axes design applications.
In this paper, through analysis and study Stereographic projection method in the application of Core-orientation technology, and introduction of Stereographic projection method in the application of how to define the occurrence of the structral plane by indentation Core-orientation and unindentation Core-orientation, and discussion of Stereographic projection in the use of Chart law and numeration.
The paper with engineering examples demonstrated that it is feasible by the use of Stereographic projection technology in the controlled directional drilling technology. Not only simplify the difficulty of the calculation of the oriental angle, but also make diagrammatize more intuitive, and still add the accuracy of the caculation.
引文
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[2]云南省地质局等编.岩心钻探定向钻进[M].北京:地质出版社,1979
[3]B.B.施齐欣等著.地质勘探钻孔定向钻进(于允型译)[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1966
[4]吴光琳.定向钻进工艺原理[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社,1991
[5]C.C.苏拉克申著.定向钻进(汤凤林等译)[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1991
[6]向军文.定向钻进技术发展与展望[J].探矿工程,1998,(6):8-10
[7]刘广志.用受控定向钻探勘探深部矿产资源[J].地质与勘探,1999,35(1):51-56
[8]石智军.我国沿煤层定向钻进技术的研究及应用前景[J].探矿工程,1997,(5):33-36
[9]冯向东.钻孔受控定向钻进新技术的研究与应用[J].山东煤炭科技,1996,(2):9-12
[10]阳慕尧,张治平.受控定向钻孔技术的应用与前景[J].中国井矿盐,1995,(6):12-13
[11]向军文.受控定向钻探技术及对接井钻探技术现状与发展前景[J].探矿工程,1999,(增刊):164-168
[12]刘紫林.地面定向分枝孔钻进技术在帷幕灌浆工程中的应用[J].地质与勘探,1989,(9):66-67
[13]黄仁山.定向钻探技术在施工中的应用[J].中国地质,1986,(2):32-34
[14]甘行平,柳玉珩.高级受控定向钻进[J].冶金地质探矿技术,1990,(4):8-13
[15]D.W.Dareing.Drilling Collar Length is a Major Factor in Vibrations Contral[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1970,(12):105-112
[16]J.D.Barr etc.Steerable Rotary Drilling with an Experimental System[C].SPE/IADC 29382
[17]武汉地质学院等四所学院合编.构造地质学[M]北京,地质出版社,1979
[18]孙超,杨名义,谢炬.构造地质学[M].北京:地质出版社,1985
[19]何绍勋.构造地质学中的赤平极射投影[M].北京:地质出版社,1979
[20]孙玉科,古迅.赤平极射投影在岩体工程地质力学中的应用.北京:科学出版社,1980
[21]王思敏.赤平极射投影方法及应用[M].科学出版社,1976
[22]高森.钻孔弯曲的计算和图算方法[M].长沙:中南矿冶学院,1983
[23]高森.论极射赤平投影在孔斜中的全面应用[C].探矿工程论文集,1992
[24]Woods H.B and Lubinski.A.Practical Charts for Solving Problems on Hole Deviation[S].Drilling and Production Practice,API(1954):56
[25]Millheim.K.K.et al.Bottom-hole Assembly Analysis Using the Finite Element Method[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,Feb.1978:265-274
[26]Millheim.K.K.et al.How BHADynamics Affect Bit Trajectory[J].World Oil,May.1981:266-272
[27]Millheim.K.K.The Effect of Hole Curvature on the Trajectory of a Well-bore[C].SPE 66779.
[28]Matthias.Reichetc.Competitive Performance Drilling with High-Speed Down-hole Motors in Hard and Abrasive Formations[C].IADC/SPE 59215
[29]Robert Klein etc.Designer BHAs Reduce Costs on Andrew/Cyrus[J].World Oil,1997,(5):160-170
[30]吴光琳.三维定向钻孔轨迹设计与施工控制新方法[J].地质与勘探,1994,(6):71-74
[31]王俊良,李海峰,袁学峰,等.定向井水平井轨道设计和轨道计算分析三维可视化技术[J].钻采工艺,2005,28(1):25-28
[32]李巨龙,马植侃.空间定向钻孔轨迹设计[J].煤田地质与勘探,1997,(2):59-62
[33]杨明奇.造斜强度的合理确定[J].煤田地质与勘探,1994,22(3):66-69
[34]李巨龙,马植侃.空间定向钻孔轨迹预测与控制[J].煤田地质与勘探,1998,(6):70-72
[35]蒋国盛,张家铭,窦斌.定(导)向钻进的轨迹设计[J].地质与勘探,2000,36(2):13-15
[36]吴光琳.定向分枝钻孔的设计和施工控制[J].成都地质学院学报,1986,(4):85-93
[37]吴光琳.斜面型三维定向分枝钻孔轴线的设计与计算[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,1994,3(1):57-63
[38]吴光琳.岩心钻探定向钻孔轴线的设计方法[J].地质与勘探,1985,(5):62-66
[39]吴光琳.定向钻探分枝孔孔身剖面的设计问题[J].探矿工程,1984,(1):27-32
[40]吴光琳.多孔底受控定向钻孔轨迹在倾斜平面内的设计[J].四川地质学报, 1990,01(1):51-56
[41]吴光琳.定向分枝钻孔的设计和施工控制[J].成都地质学院学报,1986,(4):85-93
[42]韩志勇.定向井设计与计算[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989
[43]刘正斌.PC-1500计算机在受控定向钻探方面的应用[J].西部探矿工程,1994,17(1):72-77
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