倾斜大管径多相流研究及在电潜泵井中的应用
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摘要
油、气、水多相流理论是研究自喷井和人工举升井生产规律的基本理论。生产系统的总压降不仅关系到油井能否自喷，而且决定着用自喷和人工举升方法可能获得的最大产量，应用多相流相关式以预测管路中的压力损失对于石油工业来说是极其重要的。但目前大部分的多相流压力损失预测相关式都是通过不同条件的实验得来的，它们不可能适用于任何条件，在实际运用中，应根据实际情况选择合适的计算模型。
本文对倾斜大管径多相流的研究主要是针对预测海上电泵井中电泵以下套管压力梯度而进行的，主要完成了以下研究工作：
(1)基于质量、动量和能量守恒定律及井筒径向传热理论建立了流体压力、温度分布预测数学模型。
(2)剖析了压降预测Beggs&Brill模型，对其持液率和压降计算进行了敏感性分析，以进一步明确其使用范围。分析参数有：倾斜角度、管径大小、气液比和摩阻系数等。
(3)建立了改进的压降预测模型，分别对该模型和Beggs&Brill模型的计算结果进行统计分析，证明改进的方法能适用于倾斜大管径多相流的应用，同时也进一步验证了Beggs&Brill在小管径中的应用效果很好。
(4)结合改进模型和Beggs＆Brill模型，建立了以电潜泵为节点的电潜泵抽油系统基本数学模型。
本文用Visual Basic语言自行研制了电潜泵井生产系统设计软件，利用油井各系统的协调关系，为电潜泵采油的现场参数设计及生产分析提供了手段和依据。
Oil, gas and water multiphase flow theory is elementary theory that research production laws of flowing well and artificial lift well. Production system' overall pressure-drop not only related oil well be able to no flowing, but determined maximum production rate that has been likely to acquired with flowing and artificial lift means, It was vital importance for petroleum industry to apply multiphase flow relational formula to predict pressure-loss in pipelines. But at present most multiphase flow pressure-loss prediction relational formulas have been obtained from different conditional experiment, it was impossible to be the same with any conditions; it should be selected in practice handle according to practical situation.
This paper present' research for multiphase flow in inclined big diameter primarily aims at casing pressure gradient prediction below electric submersible pump, principal done following research work.
(1). Based on mass, momentum, energy conservation and the theory of wellbore radius heat transmission, established fluid pressure and temperature distribution prediction mathematical models.
(2). Sensitivity analyzes Beggs&Brill model, primarily liquid holdup and pressure-drop in order to confirm in thereof scope of application. Analyses parameter have inclined angle, pipe diameter size, gas liquid ratio and friction factor and so on.
(3). Improved pressure-drop prediction model, Respectively statistical analyzed results of this model and Beggs&Brill model, proven improved method could apply to study the multiphase flow in inclined big diameter, simultaneously, more verified the effect of Beggs&Brill method is well when it applied to tubule diameter.
(4). Combined improve model and Beggs&Brill model, established electric submersible pump system mathematical model.
This paper present oil well each system coordination relation with Visual Basic developmental electric submersible pump production system design software by
oneself, supplied instrument and evidence for practicality production
本文对倾斜大管径多相流的研究主要是针对预测海上电泵井中电泵以下套管压力梯度而进行的，主要完成了以下研究工作：
(1)基于质量、动量和能量守恒定律及井筒径向传热理论建立了流体压力、温度分布预测数学模型。
(2)剖析了压降预测Beggs&Brill模型，对其持液率和压降计算进行了敏感性分析，以进一步明确其使用范围。分析参数有：倾斜角度、管径大小、气液比和摩阻系数等。
(3)建立了改进的压降预测模型，分别对该模型和Beggs&Brill模型的计算结果进行统计分析，证明改进的方法能适用于倾斜大管径多相流的应用，同时也进一步验证了Beggs&Brill在小管径中的应用效果很好。
(4)结合改进模型和Beggs＆Brill模型，建立了以电潜泵为节点的电潜泵抽油系统基本数学模型。
本文用Visual Basic语言自行研制了电潜泵井生产系统设计软件，利用油井各系统的协调关系，为电潜泵采油的现场参数设计及生产分析提供了手段和依据。
Oil, gas and water multiphase flow theory is elementary theory that research production laws of flowing well and artificial lift well. Production system' overall pressure-drop not only related oil well be able to no flowing, but determined maximum production rate that has been likely to acquired with flowing and artificial lift means, It was vital importance for petroleum industry to apply multiphase flow relational formula to predict pressure-loss in pipelines. But at present most multiphase flow pressure-loss prediction relational formulas have been obtained from different conditional experiment, it was impossible to be the same with any conditions; it should be selected in practice handle according to practical situation.
This paper present' research for multiphase flow in inclined big diameter primarily aims at casing pressure gradient prediction below electric submersible pump, principal done following research work.
(1). Based on mass, momentum, energy conservation and the theory of wellbore radius heat transmission, established fluid pressure and temperature distribution prediction mathematical models.
(2). Sensitivity analyzes Beggs&Brill model, primarily liquid holdup and pressure-drop in order to confirm in thereof scope of application. Analyses parameter have inclined angle, pipe diameter size, gas liquid ratio and friction factor and so on.
(3). Improved pressure-drop prediction model, Respectively statistical analyzed results of this model and Beggs&Brill model, proven improved method could apply to study the multiphase flow in inclined big diameter, simultaneously, more verified the effect of Beggs&Brill method is well when it applied to tubule diameter.
(4). Combined improve model and Beggs&Brill model, established electric submersible pump system mathematical model.
This paper present oil well each system coordination relation with Visual Basic developmental electric submersible pump production system design software by
oneself, supplied instrument and evidence for practicality production
引文
1. Beggs H.D.and Brill J.P.: "A Study of Two Phase Flow in Inclined Pipes", J.P.T, May, 1973, 607～617
2. Brill J.P and Mukherjee H: 《Multiphase Flow in Wells》 ,AIME
3. Mukherjee, H. and Brill J.P: "Inclined Two-Phase Flow Correlations " Design Mannual,Tulad University Fluid Flow Projects, April, 1981
4. Lockhart R.W. and Martinelli R.C.,"Proposed correlation of Data for IsothermalTwo-Phase,Two-ComponentFlowinpipes",Chem,Eng.Prog., 1949.1
5. Duns,H.Jr., and Ros,N,C,J. Vertical Flow of Gas and Liqued Mixtures in Wells. Proc.Sixth World Pet Cong,Frankfurt, 1963
6. Duckler, A.E., Taitel. Flow Regime Transitions for Vertical Upward Gas Liquid Flow:A Preliminary Approach Through Physical Modeling. Progress Report No. 1.University of Houston 1976
7. Hagedom S.R and Brown K.E: "Experimental Study of Pressure Gradients Occurring During Continuous Two-Phase Flow in Small Diameter Vertical Conduits", J.P.T., 1965.4
8. Orkiszewski J.: "Predicting Two-Phase Pressure Drops in Vertical Pipe" , J.P.T., 1967.6
9. Aziz,K., et al. Pressure Drop In Wells Prodcting Oil and Gas. JPT, July-Augest 1972
10. Chierice,G.L., et al. Two-Phase in Vertical Flow in Oil Wells-Prediction of Pressure Drop. JPT, Augest 1974
11．路胜译：“多相流技术发展综述”，国外油气储运，1993，11(3)
12．王弥康译：“多相流目前发展水平”，油气田开发工程译丛，1993
13. A.R.Hasan and C.S.Kabir. Heat Transfer During Two-Phase Flow in Wellbores. Part Ⅱ—Wellbore Fluid Temperature SPE 22948
14. Hasan, A.R. and Kabir, C.S. A Study of Multiphase Flow Behavior in Vertieal Oil Wells: Part Ⅰ-Theoretical Treatment. SPE 15138
15. A.R.Hasan, X.Wang, and C.S.Kabir, A Transient Wellbore/Reservoir
Model for Testing Gas Wells in High-Temperature Reservoirs Part Ⅰ Model Development. SPE 28402
16. Ansad A.M., Sylvester N.D., Shoham O. And Brill J.P. A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for Upward Two-Phase Flow in Wellbores. SPE 20630
17. J.J.Xiao.O.Shoham, and J.P.Brill,: "A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for Two-Phase Flow in Pipes " , SPE 20631
18．姜淑卿 译：“管线中的气液两相流动”，国外油田工程，1995年第1期
19．韩方勇等 译：“大口径高压力下两相管流详细测量”，国外油田工程，1999年第9期
20. Sagar R.K.: "Predicting Temperature Profiles in a Flowing Well" , SPE 19702
21. H.J.Jr.Ramey. Wellbore Heat Transmission Journal of Petroleum Technology April, 1962.
22. A.R.Hasan and C.S.Kabir. Heat Transfer During Two-Phase Flow in Wellbores. PartⅡ—Wellbore Fluid Temperature SPE 22948
23. Flanigaan,O.: "Effect of Uphill Flow on Pressure Drop in Design of Two-Phase Gathering Systems" ,Oil and Gas J. March 10,1958
24．陈家琅编《石油气液两相管流》，石油工业出版社，1989
25．[美]K．E．布朗 编《举升法采油工艺》卷一，卷二(下)石油工业出版社，1987
26. Baker O.: "Design of Pinelines for the Simultaneous Flow of Oil and Gas " ,Oil and Gas J..1954,185～195
27. Baker O.: "Multiphase Flow in Pipe Liness" , Oil and Gas J.,1958,11,10
28．袁恩熙主编：《工程流体力学》，石油工业出版社
29．蒋汉青等编译．井筒两相流传热计算—地层温度．国外油田工程1993．2
30．王弥康、林日亿等：“管内单相流体沿程摩阻系数分析”，油气储运，1998，17(7)
31．李玉星、冯叔初：“多相流气液相间水平摩阻系数关系式评价”，油气储运，1998，17(11)
32．郑永刚、王明皓等：“输气管道摩阻系数研究进展”，油气储运，1998， 17 (10)
33．王弥康：“管内两相流沿程摩阻压降与单相摩阻系数”，石油大学学报(自然科学版)，1997，21(5)
34. Payne G.A and Palmer C.M: " Evaluaton of Inclined-Pipe,Two-Phase Liquid Holdup and Pressure-Loss Correlations Using Experimental Data", J.P.T, September,1979, 1198～1207
35. Kaya A.S, Sariea C.and Brill J.P: "Comprehensive Mechanistic Modeling of Two-Phase Flow in Deviated Wells" , SPE 56522
36. Baker A.,Nielsen K and Gabb A.: "Pressure Loss, Liquid-Holdup Calculations Developed" ,Oil and Gas J., 1988
37. Baker A.,Nielsen K and Gabb A.: "Field Data Test New Holdup, Pressure-Loss Calulation for Gas、Condensate Pipelines" ,Oil and Gas J., 1988
38. Baker A.,Nielsen K and Gabb A.: "Holdup, Pressure-Loss Calulations Confirmed" ,Oil and Gas J., 1988
39．张柏年、廖锐全、蔡启仑：“贝格斯—布里尔斜管多相流压力预测方法初步研究”，江汉石油学院学报，1987，9(2)
40．胡志华、钱焕群等：“水平管内油-气-水三相流流型的研究”，西安交通大学学报，2001，35(9)
41．章龙江、高松龄等：“水平管中气体—非牛顿液体的两相流动”，油气储运，1993，12(3)
42．杨纪盛编：《采气工艺基础》，石油工业出版社，1992
43．廖锐全、汪崎生等：“井筒多相管流压力梯度计算新方法”，江汉石油学院学报，1998，20(1)
44．Ghassan H．Abdul-Majeed编，薛成刚译：“水平与微倾斜两相段塞流中持液率计算新方法”，国外油田工程，2001，17(2)
45．Baker A等著：“气体—凝析液管道中压力损失、持液率计算方法的研究”，国外油气储运，1990，8(3)
46．黄炳华：“油气水三相混输管路压降计算”，油气储运，1996，15(5)
47．周纪德、黄伟、周波：“用液面法计算机采井的压力”，油气井测试，
1992年第4期
48．浦宁译：“更精确预测两相管道滞留量的相关式”，国外油气储运，1993，11(2)
49．喻西崇、冯叔初等：“对Beggs—Brill相关式的改进”，油气地面工程，1999，18(6)
50．陈家琅：“综述方向井中气液多相流动的压降计算方法”，大庆石油学报，1983年第4期
51．王鸿勋、张琪等编：《采油工艺原理》，石油工业出版社，1990
52．M．J．埃克诺米德斯、A．D．西尔等著，金友煌等译：《石油开采系统》，石油工业出版社，1998
53．Golan M. and Whitson C.H.著，陈钟祥、许政纲等译：《油气井动态分析》，石油工业出版社，1992
54．张宝安编：《油井生产系统优化设计》，胜利石油管理举东辛采油厂
55．Aggour M.A.等著，孙继伟 译：“高开采速度及粗油管下的垂直多相流公式”，石油勘探开发情报，1996，No．6
56．顾春来、董守平：“多相流检测技术在石油工业中的应用”，石油大学学报(自然科学版)，Jun．1999，23(3)
2. Brill J.P and Mukherjee H: 《Multiphase Flow in Wells》 ,AIME
3. Mukherjee, H. and Brill J.P: "Inclined Two-Phase Flow Correlations " Design Mannual,Tulad University Fluid Flow Projects, April, 1981
4. Lockhart R.W. and Martinelli R.C.,"Proposed correlation of Data for IsothermalTwo-Phase,Two-ComponentFlowinpipes",Chem,Eng.Prog., 1949.1
5. Duns,H.Jr., and Ros,N,C,J. Vertical Flow of Gas and Liqued Mixtures in Wells. Proc.Sixth World Pet Cong,Frankfurt, 1963
6. Duckler, A.E., Taitel. Flow Regime Transitions for Vertical Upward Gas Liquid Flow:A Preliminary Approach Through Physical Modeling. Progress Report No. 1.University of Houston 1976
7. Hagedom S.R and Brown K.E: "Experimental Study of Pressure Gradients Occurring During Continuous Two-Phase Flow in Small Diameter Vertical Conduits", J.P.T., 1965.4
8. Orkiszewski J.: "Predicting Two-Phase Pressure Drops in Vertical Pipe" , J.P.T., 1967.6
9. Aziz,K., et al. Pressure Drop In Wells Prodcting Oil and Gas. JPT, July-Augest 1972
10. Chierice,G.L., et al. Two-Phase in Vertical Flow in Oil Wells-Prediction of Pressure Drop. JPT, Augest 1974
11．路胜译：“多相流技术发展综述”，国外油气储运，1993，11(3)
12．王弥康译：“多相流目前发展水平”，油气田开发工程译丛，1993
13. A.R.Hasan and C.S.Kabir. Heat Transfer During Two-Phase Flow in Wellbores. Part Ⅱ—Wellbore Fluid Temperature SPE 22948
14. Hasan, A.R. and Kabir, C.S. A Study of Multiphase Flow Behavior in Vertieal Oil Wells: Part Ⅰ-Theoretical Treatment. SPE 15138
15. A.R.Hasan, X.Wang, and C.S.Kabir, A Transient Wellbore/Reservoir
Model for Testing Gas Wells in High-Temperature Reservoirs Part Ⅰ Model Development. SPE 28402
16. Ansad A.M., Sylvester N.D., Shoham O. And Brill J.P. A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for Upward Two-Phase Flow in Wellbores. SPE 20630
17. J.J.Xiao.O.Shoham, and J.P.Brill,: "A Comprehensive Mechanistic Model for Two-Phase Flow in Pipes " , SPE 20631
18．姜淑卿 译：“管线中的气液两相流动”，国外油田工程，1995年第1期
19．韩方勇等 译：“大口径高压力下两相管流详细测量”，国外油田工程，1999年第9期
20. Sagar R.K.: "Predicting Temperature Profiles in a Flowing Well" , SPE 19702
21. H.J.Jr.Ramey. Wellbore Heat Transmission Journal of Petroleum Technology April, 1962.
22. A.R.Hasan and C.S.Kabir. Heat Transfer During Two-Phase Flow in Wellbores. PartⅡ—Wellbore Fluid Temperature SPE 22948
23. Flanigaan,O.: "Effect of Uphill Flow on Pressure Drop in Design of Two-Phase Gathering Systems" ,Oil and Gas J. March 10,1958
24．陈家琅编《石油气液两相管流》，石油工业出版社，1989
25．[美]K．E．布朗 编《举升法采油工艺》卷一，卷二(下)石油工业出版社，1987
26. Baker O.: "Design of Pinelines for the Simultaneous Flow of Oil and Gas " ,Oil and Gas J..1954,185～195
27. Baker O.: "Multiphase Flow in Pipe Liness" , Oil and Gas J.,1958,11,10
28．袁恩熙主编：《工程流体力学》，石油工业出版社
29．蒋汉青等编译．井筒两相流传热计算—地层温度．国外油田工程1993．2
30．王弥康、林日亿等：“管内单相流体沿程摩阻系数分析”，油气储运，1998，17(7)
31．李玉星、冯叔初：“多相流气液相间水平摩阻系数关系式评价”，油气储运，1998，17(11)
32．郑永刚、王明皓等：“输气管道摩阻系数研究进展”，油气储运，1998， 17 (10)
33．王弥康：“管内两相流沿程摩阻压降与单相摩阻系数”，石油大学学报(自然科学版)，1997，21(5)
34. Payne G.A and Palmer C.M: " Evaluaton of Inclined-Pipe,Two-Phase Liquid Holdup and Pressure-Loss Correlations Using Experimental Data", J.P.T, September,1979, 1198～1207
35. Kaya A.S, Sariea C.and Brill J.P: "Comprehensive Mechanistic Modeling of Two-Phase Flow in Deviated Wells" , SPE 56522
36. Baker A.,Nielsen K and Gabb A.: "Pressure Loss, Liquid-Holdup Calculations Developed" ,Oil and Gas J., 1988
37. Baker A.,Nielsen K and Gabb A.: "Field Data Test New Holdup, Pressure-Loss Calulation for Gas、Condensate Pipelines" ,Oil and Gas J., 1988
38. Baker A.,Nielsen K and Gabb A.: "Holdup, Pressure-Loss Calulations Confirmed" ,Oil and Gas J., 1988
39．张柏年、廖锐全、蔡启仑：“贝格斯—布里尔斜管多相流压力预测方法初步研究”，江汉石油学院学报，1987，9(2)
40．胡志华、钱焕群等：“水平管内油-气-水三相流流型的研究”，西安交通大学学报，2001，35(9)
41．章龙江、高松龄等：“水平管中气体—非牛顿液体的两相流动”，油气储运，1993，12(3)
42．杨纪盛编：《采气工艺基础》，石油工业出版社，1992
43．廖锐全、汪崎生等：“井筒多相管流压力梯度计算新方法”，江汉石油学院学报，1998，20(1)
44．Ghassan H．Abdul-Majeed编，薛成刚译：“水平与微倾斜两相段塞流中持液率计算新方法”，国外油田工程，2001，17(2)
45．Baker A等著：“气体—凝析液管道中压力损失、持液率计算方法的研究”，国外油气储运，1990，8(3)
46．黄炳华：“油气水三相混输管路压降计算”，油气储运，1996，15(5)
47．周纪德、黄伟、周波：“用液面法计算机采井的压力”，油气井测试，
1992年第4期
48．浦宁译：“更精确预测两相管道滞留量的相关式”，国外油气储运，1993，11(2)
49．喻西崇、冯叔初等：“对Beggs—Brill相关式的改进”，油气地面工程，1999，18(6)
50．陈家琅：“综述方向井中气液多相流动的压降计算方法”，大庆石油学报，1983年第4期
51．王鸿勋、张琪等编：《采油工艺原理》，石油工业出版社，1990
52．M．J．埃克诺米德斯、A．D．西尔等著，金友煌等译：《石油开采系统》，石油工业出版社，1998
53．Golan M. and Whitson C.H.著，陈钟祥、许政纲等译：《油气井动态分析》，石油工业出版社，1992
54．张宝安编：《油井生产系统优化设计》，胜利石油管理举东辛采油厂
55．Aggour M.A.等著，孙继伟 译：“高开采速度及粗油管下的垂直多相流公式”，石油勘探开发情报，1996，No．6
56．顾春来、董守平：“多相流检测技术在石油工业中的应用”，石油大学学报(自然科学版)，Jun．1999，23(3)