高校旅游景观规划及设计方法研究
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摘要
随着我国经济、社会以及文化生活的丰富和发展,高校旅游受到了许多人的追捧,并且开始逐步升温,但是在开发的过程中出现了一些负面问题。例如游览路线没有经过规划,游客太多占用学校的公共资源,影响高校正常的科研教学等。教学空间注重功能性,十分强化教育的意义,它是一个师生交流知识、支持多学科演示、学习和实践的场所。这决定了教学空间应该是有张有弛的,相对严谨的。而旅游空间的服务对象是大众游人。旨在使游人舒适、愉快、增进游兴。这个空间除了能游览、观赏大自然景观以外,还要满足游人“行、游、住、吃、购、娱”的需要,因此从功能的角度来说,教学空间与旅游空间是有着很大的差异,高校旅游使二者联系在一起,并且产生磨擦,我们需要解决的问题是如何使它们更好地和谐共存,另一方面,对于景观规划专业来说,挑战与机会同在,既要面对现实问题,又必须在这个特别的空间中承担起完善校园生态系统的重任。
本文在调研分析了国内外高校景观规划、旅游区规划等资料之后,提出了生态设计法的概念,还结合实际案例——北京理工大学良乡校区北湖工程,来进一步论证生态设计法在高校旅游景观规划中应用的可行性。
高校旅游景观将采用生态设计法,从人和校园景观资源两方面来系统分析探讨,并提出整体、可持续发展的、可控的校园规划策略。它从生态角度来构筑一个环境适应性旅游规划框架,从而促进校园景观资源的保护,进而使校园景观资源的旅游潜力得到发掘。高校旅游景观应该要做整体规划,同时建立一套稳定而且可行的规划设计方法。
本文认为在高校旅游区可变因素众多的情况下,生态分析方法在景观规划中得到应用,将会有利于协调人与校园资源利用的关系,是实现可持续发展的一个重要途径,也是提高校园景观规划水平与格调的重要手段。因此,高校旅游景观规划必须以校园景观资源的吸引力、生命力和承载力为核心展开论述。在当下中国,相关学科的基础理论非常薄弱。因此,有关高校旅游区景观规划与设计方法研究的探索是非常有意义,也是应该得到发展的。
Along with our country economy, the society as well as the cultural life rich and the development, the university traveling received many people to pursue hold, and started to elevate temperature gradually, but had some negative problems in the development process. For example the tour route has not passed through the plan ,the tourist takes the school too much the public resource, affects the university normal scientific research teaching and so on. The teaching space attention functionality, strengthens the education extremely the significance, It is teachers and students exchanges the knowledge, supports the multi-disciplinary demonstrations, the study and the practice place. This had decided the teaching space should be tensed and relaxed, relatively rigorous. But travels the spatial service object is the populace tourist. Is for the purpose of making the tourist comfortably, happy, to promote the sightseeing interest. This space except can tour, watch outside the nature landscape, but also must meet the tourist“the line, swims, lives, eats, buys, the amusement”the needs, therefore from the function angle, the teaching space and the traveling space has the very big difference, the university traveling causes the two to relate in together, and has the friction, we need to solve how the question causes their well harmonious coexistence, on the other hand, regarding the landscape plan specialized, challenge and opportunity with in, both must face the realistic question, and must undertake in this special space consummates the campus ecosystem the heavy responsibility.
This article has analyzed after the investigation and study the domestic and foreign university landscape plan, tourist area plan and so on the materials, put forward the ecology design method concept, but also unifies north the actual case - - Beijing Institute of Technology Good Rural school area the lake project, further proves the ecology design law in the university traveling landscape plan the application feasibility.
The university traveling landscape will use the ecology design law, will come the system analysis discussion from the human and the campus scenic resources two aspects, and will propose, the sustainable development, the controllable campus plan strategy overall. It constructs an adaptability to environment traveling plan frame from the ecology angle, thus promotes the campus scenic resources protection, then enable the campus scenic resources the traveling potential to obtain excavating. The university traveling landscape should have to make the whole plan, simultaneously establishes a set stably moreover the feasible plan design method.
This article thought in the university tourist area invariable factor multitudinous situations, the ecology analysis method obtains the application in the landscape plan, will be able to be advantageous to the negotiator and the campus resources use relations, realizes a sustainable development important way, also will be raises the campus landscape plan level and the style important method. Therefore, the university traveling landscape plan must take the campus scenic resources attraction, the vitality and the supporting capacity launches the elaboration as the core.
In China, the related discipline basic theory extremely is immediately weak. Therefore, the related university tourist area landscape plan and the design method research exploration has the significance extremely, also is should obtain the development.
本文在调研分析了国内外高校景观规划、旅游区规划等资料之后,提出了生态设计法的概念,还结合实际案例——北京理工大学良乡校区北湖工程,来进一步论证生态设计法在高校旅游景观规划中应用的可行性。
高校旅游景观将采用生态设计法,从人和校园景观资源两方面来系统分析探讨,并提出整体、可持续发展的、可控的校园规划策略。它从生态角度来构筑一个环境适应性旅游规划框架,从而促进校园景观资源的保护,进而使校园景观资源的旅游潜力得到发掘。高校旅游景观应该要做整体规划,同时建立一套稳定而且可行的规划设计方法。
本文认为在高校旅游区可变因素众多的情况下,生态分析方法在景观规划中得到应用,将会有利于协调人与校园资源利用的关系,是实现可持续发展的一个重要途径,也是提高校园景观规划水平与格调的重要手段。因此,高校旅游景观规划必须以校园景观资源的吸引力、生命力和承载力为核心展开论述。在当下中国,相关学科的基础理论非常薄弱。因此,有关高校旅游区景观规划与设计方法研究的探索是非常有意义,也是应该得到发展的。
Along with our country economy, the society as well as the cultural life rich and the development, the university traveling received many people to pursue hold, and started to elevate temperature gradually, but had some negative problems in the development process. For example the tour route has not passed through the plan ,the tourist takes the school too much the public resource, affects the university normal scientific research teaching and so on. The teaching space attention functionality, strengthens the education extremely the significance, It is teachers and students exchanges the knowledge, supports the multi-disciplinary demonstrations, the study and the practice place. This had decided the teaching space should be tensed and relaxed, relatively rigorous. But travels the spatial service object is the populace tourist. Is for the purpose of making the tourist comfortably, happy, to promote the sightseeing interest. This space except can tour, watch outside the nature landscape, but also must meet the tourist“the line, swims, lives, eats, buys, the amusement”the needs, therefore from the function angle, the teaching space and the traveling space has the very big difference, the university traveling causes the two to relate in together, and has the friction, we need to solve how the question causes their well harmonious coexistence, on the other hand, regarding the landscape plan specialized, challenge and opportunity with in, both must face the realistic question, and must undertake in this special space consummates the campus ecosystem the heavy responsibility.
This article has analyzed after the investigation and study the domestic and foreign university landscape plan, tourist area plan and so on the materials, put forward the ecology design method concept, but also unifies north the actual case - - Beijing Institute of Technology Good Rural school area the lake project, further proves the ecology design law in the university traveling landscape plan the application feasibility.
The university traveling landscape will use the ecology design law, will come the system analysis discussion from the human and the campus scenic resources two aspects, and will propose, the sustainable development, the controllable campus plan strategy overall. It constructs an adaptability to environment traveling plan frame from the ecology angle, thus promotes the campus scenic resources protection, then enable the campus scenic resources the traveling potential to obtain excavating. The university traveling landscape should have to make the whole plan, simultaneously establishes a set stably moreover the feasible plan design method.
This article thought in the university tourist area invariable factor multitudinous situations, the ecology analysis method obtains the application in the landscape plan, will be able to be advantageous to the negotiator and the campus resources use relations, realizes a sustainable development important way, also will be raises the campus landscape plan level and the style important method. Therefore, the university traveling landscape plan must take the campus scenic resources attraction, the vitality and the supporting capacity launches the elaboration as the core.
In China, the related discipline basic theory extremely is immediately weak. Therefore, the related university tourist area landscape plan and the design method research exploration has the significance extremely, also is should obtain the development.
引文
[1]周武忠著.《旅游景观规划研究》,东南大学出版社,2008.7 11P
[2]周武忠著.《旅游景观规划研究》,东南大学出版社,2008.7 5P
[3]邓涛著.《旅游区景观设计原理》,中国建筑工业出版社,2007.8
[4]约翰·斯沃布鲁克著.景点开发与管理.张文等译.中国旅游出版社,2001
[5][美]刘易斯·芒福德(倪文彦,宋俊岭译),城市发展史——起源,演变和前景[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1989.105.
[6]苏金明,程良振.高校校园景观与校园旅游经济,昆明理工大学学报.131A期
[7]景观文章·景观中国,http://paper.Landscape.cn
[8]景观文章·景观中国,http://paper.Landscape.cn
[9]周兴旺,赵鸿涛.高校游何日驶入有序轨道[N ].工人日报(京),2001-08- 04(2).
[10]俞孔坚著.《景观:文化、生态与感知》,科学出版社,2005年第3版
[11]俞孔坚.从世界园林专业发展的三个阶段看中国园林专业所面临的挑战和机遇,中国园林.1998
[12]http://sina.com.cn
[13]陈立民著.《城市公共信息导向系统设计——与空间的交流》,西南师范大学出版社,2008.7
[14]曼纽尔·鲍德-博拉.弗雷德·劳森著.唐子颖.译《旅游与游憩规划设计手册》,中国建筑工业出版社,2006.6 9P
[15]曼纽尔·鲍德-博拉.弗雷德·劳森著.唐子颖.译《旅游与游憩规划设计手册》,中国建筑工业出版社,2006.6 12P
[16]MOORE R L, GRAEFE A R. Attachment s to recreation The case of rail - t rail users [J].Leisure Science, 1994 ,16 (1) :17 - 31.
[17]BABU P G, BIBIN P G. Past visit s and t he intention to revisit a destination : Place attachment as t he mediator and novetyseeking as t he moderator [J ] . The Journal of Tourism Studies,2004 ,15 (2) :51 - 66.
[18]宛索春.《城市空同形态解析》[M].科学出版社,2004:15—17.
[19]曾繁智.《九江外国语学校新校规划设计》.建筑设计.2004(5)z19-22.
[20]王成武.城市空间环境的形成机制口.山西建筑,2006(2),13
[21]俞孔坚.李迪华城市景观之路与市长们交流[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003:63-:66.
[22]陈文波.景观空间分析的特征和主要内容[J].生态学报,2002.7
[23]夏祖华,黄伟康.城市空间设计[M],东南大学出版社,2002.4
[24]钱健、宋雷.建筑外环境设计[M],同济大学出版社,2001
[25]张琴.旅游景观设计及其文化研究[D].武汉理工大学,2006.2
[26]刘红.景观多样性及其保护对策[J].环境导报,1999.6
[27]邱彭华.旅游地景观生态规划与设计研究——以青云山风景区为例[D].福建:福建师范大学,2003.4
[28]汪云.论生态旅游区开发中的景观设计[J].环境与开发,1999
[29]杨帆.森林公园景观设计的重要性[J].中南林业调查规划,2000
[30]关向群.隧道洞口景观设计实用方法的研究[D].西南交通大学,2004.2229.
[31]牟红,杨梅.旅游景区景观设计的地域文脉内核探解[J].重庆工学院学报,2004.5
[32]吴军,石峰.基于可持续发展的旅游景观设计[J].社会科学家,2005.4
[33]裴泽生.高校旅游走进“象牙塔”[N].中国旅游报,1997
[33]王宁,朱烈建.高教区规划探讨[J].城市规划汇刊,1999.5
[34]黄世孟.台湾大学校园规划之经验与策略[B].城市规划2000-04-08
[35]郑秀娟,宋保平.给高校旅游多一点关注[J].西部观察,2003-3
[36]金世胜.高校旅游开发初探[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000-4∶372 - 374.
[37]徐凌.论校园旅游[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2000-1∶35 - 37.
[38]成梁.从高校管理角度看高校旅游的发展[J].河南师范大学学报,2005-4
[39]顾筱和.发展高校校园旅游刍议[J].江西教育科研,2005-4∶36-37.
[40]朱立.高等院校校园旅游研究[J].人文地理,2005-1∶45 - 48.
[41]GIERYN T F. A space for place in sociology[J].Annual Re2 view of Sociology ,2000 ,26 :463 - 496.
[42]WILLIAMS D R ,ROGGENBUCK J W. Measuring place at2tachment :Some preliminary result s [A] . Proceeding of NRPASym posium on Leisure Research ,San Antonio , TX ,1989.
[43]PROSHANSKY H M. The city and self - identity [J] . Envi2 ronment and Behavior ,1978 ,10 :147 - 169.
[44]WILLIAMS D R ,VASKEJ J . The measurement of place at2 tachment :Validity and generalizability of a psychomet ric ap2 proach[J] . Forest Science ,2003 ,49 (6) :830 - 841.
[45]RICHARD S ,TOM B ,SARA W,et al. A picture and 1000 words : Using resident employed photography to understand attach2 ment to high amenity places
[46]TUAN Y F. Topophilia :A Study of Environmental Perception , Attit udes and Values [ M ] . Englewood Cliff s NJ : Prentice - Hall Inc. ,1974. 260.
[47] REL PH E. Place and Placelessness [M].London:Pion Limit2
[48]AGEE J.K.and D.R.Johnson Ecosystem management for parks and wilderness,University of WashingtonPress,USA
[49]CORDELL H.Ken ,outdoor Recreation:Resource Planning and Management,in Barnetted.1988
[50]ELSON Martin J.sport and recreation in the Green Belt countryside,in Glyptis ed 1993
[2]周武忠著.《旅游景观规划研究》,东南大学出版社,2008.7 5P
[3]邓涛著.《旅游区景观设计原理》,中国建筑工业出版社,2007.8
[4]约翰·斯沃布鲁克著.景点开发与管理.张文等译.中国旅游出版社,2001
[5][美]刘易斯·芒福德(倪文彦,宋俊岭译),城市发展史——起源,演变和前景[M].中国建筑工业出版社,1989.105.
[6]苏金明,程良振.高校校园景观与校园旅游经济,昆明理工大学学报.131A期
[7]景观文章·景观中国,http://paper.Landscape.cn
[8]景观文章·景观中国,http://paper.Landscape.cn
[9]周兴旺,赵鸿涛.高校游何日驶入有序轨道[N ].工人日报(京),2001-08- 04(2).
[10]俞孔坚著.《景观:文化、生态与感知》,科学出版社,2005年第3版
[11]俞孔坚.从世界园林专业发展的三个阶段看中国园林专业所面临的挑战和机遇,中国园林.1998
[12]http://sina.com.cn
[13]陈立民著.《城市公共信息导向系统设计——与空间的交流》,西南师范大学出版社,2008.7
[14]曼纽尔·鲍德-博拉.弗雷德·劳森著.唐子颖.译《旅游与游憩规划设计手册》,中国建筑工业出版社,2006.6 9P
[15]曼纽尔·鲍德-博拉.弗雷德·劳森著.唐子颖.译《旅游与游憩规划设计手册》,中国建筑工业出版社,2006.6 12P
[16]MOORE R L, GRAEFE A R. Attachment s to recreation The case of rail - t rail users [J].Leisure Science, 1994 ,16 (1) :17 - 31.
[17]BABU P G, BIBIN P G. Past visit s and t he intention to revisit a destination : Place attachment as t he mediator and novetyseeking as t he moderator [J ] . The Journal of Tourism Studies,2004 ,15 (2) :51 - 66.
[18]宛索春.《城市空同形态解析》[M].科学出版社,2004:15—17.
[19]曾繁智.《九江外国语学校新校规划设计》.建筑设计.2004(5)z19-22.
[20]王成武.城市空间环境的形成机制口.山西建筑,2006(2),13
[21]俞孔坚.李迪华城市景观之路与市长们交流[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003:63-:66.
[22]陈文波.景观空间分析的特征和主要内容[J].生态学报,2002.7
[23]夏祖华,黄伟康.城市空间设计[M],东南大学出版社,2002.4
[24]钱健、宋雷.建筑外环境设计[M],同济大学出版社,2001
[25]张琴.旅游景观设计及其文化研究[D].武汉理工大学,2006.2
[26]刘红.景观多样性及其保护对策[J].环境导报,1999.6
[27]邱彭华.旅游地景观生态规划与设计研究——以青云山风景区为例[D].福建:福建师范大学,2003.4
[28]汪云.论生态旅游区开发中的景观设计[J].环境与开发,1999
[29]杨帆.森林公园景观设计的重要性[J].中南林业调查规划,2000
[30]关向群.隧道洞口景观设计实用方法的研究[D].西南交通大学,2004.2229.
[31]牟红,杨梅.旅游景区景观设计的地域文脉内核探解[J].重庆工学院学报,2004.5
[32]吴军,石峰.基于可持续发展的旅游景观设计[J].社会科学家,2005.4
[33]裴泽生.高校旅游走进“象牙塔”[N].中国旅游报,1997
[33]王宁,朱烈建.高教区规划探讨[J].城市规划汇刊,1999.5
[34]黄世孟.台湾大学校园规划之经验与策略[B].城市规划2000-04-08
[35]郑秀娟,宋保平.给高校旅游多一点关注[J].西部观察,2003-3
[36]金世胜.高校旅游开发初探[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000-4∶372 - 374.
[37]徐凌.论校园旅游[J].桂林旅游高等专科学校学报,2000-1∶35 - 37.
[38]成梁.从高校管理角度看高校旅游的发展[J].河南师范大学学报,2005-4
[39]顾筱和.发展高校校园旅游刍议[J].江西教育科研,2005-4∶36-37.
[40]朱立.高等院校校园旅游研究[J].人文地理,2005-1∶45 - 48.
[41]GIERYN T F. A space for place in sociology[J].Annual Re2 view of Sociology ,2000 ,26 :463 - 496.
[42]WILLIAMS D R ,ROGGENBUCK J W. Measuring place at2tachment :Some preliminary result s [A] . Proceeding of NRPASym posium on Leisure Research ,San Antonio , TX ,1989.
[43]PROSHANSKY H M. The city and self - identity [J] . Envi2 ronment and Behavior ,1978 ,10 :147 - 169.
[44]WILLIAMS D R ,VASKEJ J . The measurement of place at2 tachment :Validity and generalizability of a psychomet ric ap2 proach[J] . Forest Science ,2003 ,49 (6) :830 - 841.
[45]RICHARD S ,TOM B ,SARA W,et al. A picture and 1000 words : Using resident employed photography to understand attach2 ment to high amenity places
[46]TUAN Y F. Topophilia :A Study of Environmental Perception , Attit udes and Values [ M ] . Englewood Cliff s NJ : Prentice - Hall Inc. ,1974. 260.
[47] REL PH E. Place and Placelessness [M].London:Pion Limit2
[48]AGEE J.K.and D.R.Johnson Ecosystem management for parks and wilderness,University of WashingtonPress,USA
[49]CORDELL H.Ken ,outdoor Recreation:Resource Planning and Management,in Barnetted.1988
[50]ELSON Martin J.sport and recreation in the Green Belt countryside,in Glyptis ed 1993