运动原子与光场相互作用系统的纠缠演化特性
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摘要
量子信息科学作为量子力学、计算机科学和信息学相融合发展起来的一门新兴的交叉学科,诞生于二十世纪八十年,因为其依靠量子纠缠性、量子相干性、非局域性及不可克隆等许多当前经典信息技术所不具备的基本量了特性,近二十年来,已引起国内外物理学家浓厚兴趣而得到迅猛发展,并取得丰硕研究成果。
量子纠缠作为量子力学不同于经典物理最深刻、最奇特和最不可思议的奇妙现象,也是量了信息科学和量了计算的重要资源,因此人们从多方面对量了纠缠本质、演化、度量和应用等进行了广泛研究。这一方面有助十深入理解量子力学的基本问题;另一方面也有助于把握量子纠缠在量子信息处理中的所起的作用。
本文应用全量子理论和数值计算方法分别研究了双运动原子与单模光场和双运动原子与双模光场相互作用体系的纠缠演化特性,得出了一系列有意义的结论。
第一章主要介绍量子信息科学中与本文相关的一些基本理论,量子纠缠的概念、性质和度量、相干态光场形式、光场与原子作用的儿种典型理论模型、推广的Tavis-Cummings模型；
第二章研究了Tavis-Cummings模型中两个二能级运动原子与单模Fock态光场相互作用系统中的两原子纠缠演化特性。通过考察改变两原子初始纠缠量和原子运动速度参量,得出原子运动速度参量和两原子初始纠缠量对两原子纠缠动力学的显著影响,发现了如何通过选择合适的原子初态和原子运动速度参量,保持两原子最大纠缠态的方法；
第三章研究了两个二能级运动原子与双模纠缠相干光场相互作用过程中的纠缠动力学行为。结果表明：两原子初始纠缠量、光场的平均光子数、光场的初始纠缠量和原子运动速度参量对两原子纠缠动力学有显著影响。当光场较弱时,两原子纠缠演化振荡的幅值随光场纠缠量的增加而明显增加；而当光场较强时,两原子纠缠量随光场纠缠量的增加而增加；两原子纠缠演化的振荡幅值和纠缠量都随着平均光子数的增多而减小；选择合适的初始状态、光场纠缠量与原子运动速度参量,可导致两原子纠缠出现突然死亡和复苏,而且当原子运动速度增大或减小时,可以控制纠缠的突然死亡和复苏,当速度大于某一值时,可避免纠缠突然死亡的出现。
第四章对全文进行了总结并对相关问题进行了展望。
Quantum information science, as an emerging interdisciplinary field of subjects in computer science, information science and quantum physics, has been established since the 1980s.1980s. Quantum information technology is based on quantum featuress such as quantum entanglement, quantum coherence, quantum non-locality, quantum non-cloning and so on, which are not available for present traditional information techniques. In the past two decades, quantum information technology has attracted domestic and overseas physicists'interests. It has been developing swiftly with plentiful and substantial achievements obtained.
In the quantum world, quantum entanglement is the most profound, the most intriguing, the most incredible and wonderful phenomenon, which is totally different from the classical physics. It is also an important resource for quantum information processing and quantum computing. So far, there are lots of extensive researches focused on the essence, evolution, quantification, and applications of quantum entanglement. On the one hand, these researches are helpful to understand the basic problems of quantum mechanics. On the other hand, it will help us to find out the role of the quantum entanglement in quantum information processing. In this thesis, the entanglement of two moving atoms interacting with a single-mode field is investigated by using quantum theory and numerical methods, as well as the entanglement of two moving atoms interacting with a dual-mode field. A series of valuable conclusions are obtained.
Chapter I:As an introduction, in this chapter, we introduce the basic principles of quantum information science used in this work:quantum entanglement, as well as its nature and quantification coherent state field, several typical models about interaction between atoms and optical field, and the generalized Tavis-Cummings model.
Chapter II:The entanglement of two moving two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode Fock field is investigated in Tavis-Cummings model. The entanglement dynamics of the two atoms are studied by varying the parameters of the initial entanglement of two atoms and the atomic velocity. The results indicate that the influences of these parameters on the two-atom entanglement are remarkable, and the maximum entanglement can be maintained when the some specific parameters are chosen.
ChapterⅢ:The entanglement of two moving two-level atoms interacting with a dual-mode entangled coherent field is also investigated. The results show that the initial entanglement of two atoms, the average photon number of the field and the velocity of atoms affect the entanglement dynamics of the two atoms remarkably. In the weak field case, the oscillating amplitude of the two-atom entanglement dynamics increases with the increase of the fields entanglement. In the strong field case, the dynamics of the entanglement of the two atoms increases with the increasing initial field entanglement. However, the oscillating amplitude of the entanglement dynamics decrease with the increase of the average photon number of the field. When appropriate parameters of the atomic initial state, the fields entanglement, and the atomic velocity are chosen, two-atom entanglement can reach zero in finite time (entanglement sudden death) and then revive in some specific time(entanglement revival). In addition, the sudden death and revival of the two-atom entanglement can be controlled by appropriately selecting the atomic velocity.
ChapterⅣ:We will summarize the results and give some outlooks about the further investigation.
量子纠缠作为量子力学不同于经典物理最深刻、最奇特和最不可思议的奇妙现象,也是量了信息科学和量了计算的重要资源,因此人们从多方面对量了纠缠本质、演化、度量和应用等进行了广泛研究。这一方面有助十深入理解量子力学的基本问题;另一方面也有助于把握量子纠缠在量子信息处理中的所起的作用。
本文应用全量子理论和数值计算方法分别研究了双运动原子与单模光场和双运动原子与双模光场相互作用体系的纠缠演化特性,得出了一系列有意义的结论。
第一章主要介绍量子信息科学中与本文相关的一些基本理论,量子纠缠的概念、性质和度量、相干态光场形式、光场与原子作用的儿种典型理论模型、推广的Tavis-Cummings模型；
第二章研究了Tavis-Cummings模型中两个二能级运动原子与单模Fock态光场相互作用系统中的两原子纠缠演化特性。通过考察改变两原子初始纠缠量和原子运动速度参量,得出原子运动速度参量和两原子初始纠缠量对两原子纠缠动力学的显著影响,发现了如何通过选择合适的原子初态和原子运动速度参量,保持两原子最大纠缠态的方法；
第三章研究了两个二能级运动原子与双模纠缠相干光场相互作用过程中的纠缠动力学行为。结果表明：两原子初始纠缠量、光场的平均光子数、光场的初始纠缠量和原子运动速度参量对两原子纠缠动力学有显著影响。当光场较弱时,两原子纠缠演化振荡的幅值随光场纠缠量的增加而明显增加；而当光场较强时,两原子纠缠量随光场纠缠量的增加而增加；两原子纠缠演化的振荡幅值和纠缠量都随着平均光子数的增多而减小；选择合适的初始状态、光场纠缠量与原子运动速度参量,可导致两原子纠缠出现突然死亡和复苏,而且当原子运动速度增大或减小时,可以控制纠缠的突然死亡和复苏,当速度大于某一值时,可避免纠缠突然死亡的出现。
第四章对全文进行了总结并对相关问题进行了展望。
Quantum information science, as an emerging interdisciplinary field of subjects in computer science, information science and quantum physics, has been established since the 1980s.1980s. Quantum information technology is based on quantum featuress such as quantum entanglement, quantum coherence, quantum non-locality, quantum non-cloning and so on, which are not available for present traditional information techniques. In the past two decades, quantum information technology has attracted domestic and overseas physicists'interests. It has been developing swiftly with plentiful and substantial achievements obtained.
In the quantum world, quantum entanglement is the most profound, the most intriguing, the most incredible and wonderful phenomenon, which is totally different from the classical physics. It is also an important resource for quantum information processing and quantum computing. So far, there are lots of extensive researches focused on the essence, evolution, quantification, and applications of quantum entanglement. On the one hand, these researches are helpful to understand the basic problems of quantum mechanics. On the other hand, it will help us to find out the role of the quantum entanglement in quantum information processing. In this thesis, the entanglement of two moving atoms interacting with a single-mode field is investigated by using quantum theory and numerical methods, as well as the entanglement of two moving atoms interacting with a dual-mode field. A series of valuable conclusions are obtained.
Chapter I:As an introduction, in this chapter, we introduce the basic principles of quantum information science used in this work:quantum entanglement, as well as its nature and quantification coherent state field, several typical models about interaction between atoms and optical field, and the generalized Tavis-Cummings model.
Chapter II:The entanglement of two moving two-level atoms interacting with a single-mode Fock field is investigated in Tavis-Cummings model. The entanglement dynamics of the two atoms are studied by varying the parameters of the initial entanglement of two atoms and the atomic velocity. The results indicate that the influences of these parameters on the two-atom entanglement are remarkable, and the maximum entanglement can be maintained when the some specific parameters are chosen.
ChapterⅢ:The entanglement of two moving two-level atoms interacting with a dual-mode entangled coherent field is also investigated. The results show that the initial entanglement of two atoms, the average photon number of the field and the velocity of atoms affect the entanglement dynamics of the two atoms remarkably. In the weak field case, the oscillating amplitude of the two-atom entanglement dynamics increases with the increase of the fields entanglement. In the strong field case, the dynamics of the entanglement of the two atoms increases with the increasing initial field entanglement. However, the oscillating amplitude of the entanglement dynamics decrease with the increase of the average photon number of the field. When appropriate parameters of the atomic initial state, the fields entanglement, and the atomic velocity are chosen, two-atom entanglement can reach zero in finite time (entanglement sudden death) and then revive in some specific time(entanglement revival). In addition, the sudden death and revival of the two-atom entanglement can be controlled by appropriately selecting the atomic velocity.
ChapterⅣ:We will summarize the results and give some outlooks about the further investigation.
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