厚松散层厚硬岩层开采地表移动变形规律研究
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摘要
陕西彬长矿区开采煤层属于下侏罗统延安组含煤地层,地表覆盖有60～140m厚的黄土层,地表地形属于黄土残塬沟壑地貌,煤层上覆基岩综合岩性为中等坚硬岩层,特别是下白垩统洛河组(K1l)、下白垩统宜君组(K1y)、安定组6号层泥质砂岩岩层整体厚度大,岩层强度高、岩性坚硬,在一定开采范围条件下起着控制上覆岩体破坏的作用。因此,厚松散层厚坚硬岩层开采条件下地表的移动变形规律及上覆岩体的结构稳定性的研究对彬长矿区的安全生产具有重要的意义。
本文以彬长矿区大佛寺40301首采工作面煤层开采地面建筑物保护可行性研究为依托,以现场调查和观测资料为基础,结合厚黄土层物理力学特性,分析了采动影响下厚松散层厚坚硬岩层内部的沉陷损害特征、地表裂缝的形成条件、影响地表裂缝破坏程度的主要因素。应用覆岩托板理论计算分析了厚松散层厚坚硬岩层条件下托板的破坏形态及强度、刚度破坏准则。依据煤层覆岩中坚硬岩层托板的结构稳定性条件及黄土变形破坏特性、硬岩对岩移参数的影响,结合相似材料模拟实验、数值计算分析及现场观测数据,分析给出了这种特殊条件下概率积分预计的修正模型。结合工程实例综合分析了厚松散层厚坚硬条件下地表沉陷特征,为矿区的安全生产提供了理论依据。
Mining row in Shaanxi Binchang mine is the coal-bearing seam of the Lower Jurassic Yanan Formation. Its surface covers with 60 to 140m thick layer of loess and the topography is the broken loess plateau with gully landforms. The overlying strata integrated lithology of the row is the medium hard rock, especially the Lower Cretaceous Luohe Formation (K1l), the Lower Cretaceous Yijun Formation (K1y), clay sandstone formation of Anding Formation seam 6 is in great thickness, high strength and hard lithology. It plays a role in controlling overlying rock damage under the conditions of certain mining scope. Therefore, under the mining of thick alluvium and thick hard rock, the study on the movement and deformation of the surface and the structure stability of overlying rock is of great significance to the production safety of Shaanxi Binchang mine.
Founded on the feasibility study for protection to ground building of row exploitation of first mining working face 40301 in Binchang mining-Great Buddhist Temple and based on spot investigation and observation data, this paper analyzes features of subsidence damage affected by mining action under the conditions of thick alluvium and hard solid rock, combining the characters of thick layer of loess in physical mechanics. After applying cover rock supporting plate theory, the damage patterns and intensity and stiffness damage criteria are calculated and analyzed under the condition of thick alluvium and hard solid rock. According to the structural stability of hard rock supporting plate in the overlying strata of the coal seams, characters of the loess deformation and damage and the influence of the hard rock on the rock movement parameters, expected correction model through probability integration is given under this special condition, combined with similar material simulation experiments, numerical analysis, and field observation data. Then the characteristics of surface subsidence under the condition of thick alluvium and thick hard rock are analyzed with engineering instances, which provide a theoretical basis for the production safety of the mine.
本文以彬长矿区大佛寺40301首采工作面煤层开采地面建筑物保护可行性研究为依托,以现场调查和观测资料为基础,结合厚黄土层物理力学特性,分析了采动影响下厚松散层厚坚硬岩层内部的沉陷损害特征、地表裂缝的形成条件、影响地表裂缝破坏程度的主要因素。应用覆岩托板理论计算分析了厚松散层厚坚硬岩层条件下托板的破坏形态及强度、刚度破坏准则。依据煤层覆岩中坚硬岩层托板的结构稳定性条件及黄土变形破坏特性、硬岩对岩移参数的影响,结合相似材料模拟实验、数值计算分析及现场观测数据,分析给出了这种特殊条件下概率积分预计的修正模型。结合工程实例综合分析了厚松散层厚坚硬条件下地表沉陷特征,为矿区的安全生产提供了理论依据。
Mining row in Shaanxi Binchang mine is the coal-bearing seam of the Lower Jurassic Yanan Formation. Its surface covers with 60 to 140m thick layer of loess and the topography is the broken loess plateau with gully landforms. The overlying strata integrated lithology of the row is the medium hard rock, especially the Lower Cretaceous Luohe Formation (K1l), the Lower Cretaceous Yijun Formation (K1y), clay sandstone formation of Anding Formation seam 6 is in great thickness, high strength and hard lithology. It plays a role in controlling overlying rock damage under the conditions of certain mining scope. Therefore, under the mining of thick alluvium and thick hard rock, the study on the movement and deformation of the surface and the structure stability of overlying rock is of great significance to the production safety of Shaanxi Binchang mine.
Founded on the feasibility study for protection to ground building of row exploitation of first mining working face 40301 in Binchang mining-Great Buddhist Temple and based on spot investigation and observation data, this paper analyzes features of subsidence damage affected by mining action under the conditions of thick alluvium and hard solid rock, combining the characters of thick layer of loess in physical mechanics. After applying cover rock supporting plate theory, the damage patterns and intensity and stiffness damage criteria are calculated and analyzed under the condition of thick alluvium and hard solid rock. According to the structural stability of hard rock supporting plate in the overlying strata of the coal seams, characters of the loess deformation and damage and the influence of the hard rock on the rock movement parameters, expected correction model through probability integration is given under this special condition, combined with similar material simulation experiments, numerical analysis, and field observation data. Then the characteristics of surface subsidence under the condition of thick alluvium and thick hard rock are analyzed with engineering instances, which provide a theoretical basis for the production safety of the mine.
引文
[1] 石平五.西部煤矿岩层控制泛述[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2006(2):25～28.
[2] 何国清.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1989.
[3] 钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社, 2003.
[4] 钱鸣高,缪协兴.采场上覆岩层活动规律及其对矿山压力的影响[J].煤炭学报,1982,7(2): 1～12.
[5] 茅献彪,缪协兴,钱鸣高.采动覆岩中关键层的破断规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报, 1998,27(1): 39～42.
[6] 钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.岩层控制中的关键层理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21 (3) : 225～230.
[7] 缪协兴,茅献彪,钱鸣高.采动覆岩中关键层的复合效应分析[J].中国矿业大学学报, 1999(3):19～23.
[8] 许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩关键层位置的判别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29 (5):463～467.
[9] 许家林,钱鸣高.关键层运动对覆岩及地表移动影响的研究[J].煤炭学报,2000, 25 (2) : 463～467.
[10] 余学义.采动地表沉陷破坏预计评价方法[J].煤炭设计,1997(5):7～9.
[11] 余学义,张恩强.开采损害学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.
[12] 何万龙,孔昭璧,康建荣.山区采动滑移的应力—应变模型[J]. 矿山测量,1991 (2): 22～26.
[13] 于广明.分形及损伤力学在开采沉陷中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 1999, 18(2): 241～243.
[14] 麻风海,杨帆.采矿地表沉陷的神经网络预测[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2000, 12(3):84～87.
[15] 李增琪,使用傅式变换计算开挖引起的地表移动[J].煤炭学报.1982,(2):32～37.
[16] 涂敏,桂和荣,李明好等.厚松散层及超薄覆岩厚煤层防水煤柱开采试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3494~3497.
[17] 吴立新,王金庄.建(构)筑物下压煤条带开采理论与实践[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1994.
[18] 李德海.厚松散层下条带开采技术的研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社.
[19] 赵德深.煤矿区采动覆岩里层分布规律与地表沉陷控制研究[D].辽宁:辽宁工程科技大学,2000.
[20] 史红.综采放顶煤厚层坚硬顶板稳定性分析及应用[D].济南:山东科技大学,2005.
[21] 史红,姜福兴.采场上覆大厚度坚硬岩层破断规律的力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3066～3069.
[22] 钱鸣高,刘听成.矿山压力及其控制[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1991.
[23] 柏杏丽,李皓.巨厚松散层下条带开采地表移动规律分析[J].煤炭科学技术, 2004, 32(8):71～74.
[24] Stanislaw S. Prognozowanie wplywow eksploatacji zloz pokladowych na gorotwor I powirzchnie terenu. Slaska Katowice 1995.
[25] Green K, Popiolek E.Wplyw eksploatacji gorniczej na powierzvhnie Igorptwor[M]. CRACOV:AGH,1990.
[26] Syd S P. Surface Subsidence Engineering[M].Published by society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. Inc Litteton, Colorado.
[27] Yu Xueyi.Studying theory of displacement and deformation in the mountain areas under the influence of underground exploitation [D]. Dissertation. Kracow(in Poland):AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland,1999.
[28] Wang Yuehan:Integral system research of prediction of mining subsidence,21th APCOM 2001,05.
[29] Wu Lixin. A new method for mining influence based on fine geologic model, 21th APCOM 2001,05.
[30] Yu Xueyi,Zhao Bingchao.The Control of Mining Damage in China. International Mining Forum 2004 Poland,2004,235～240.
[31] Yu Xueyi, Zhao Bingchao. Comprehensive mining control under high-storied buildings in landslide area..GEOTECHNIKA I BOUDOWNICTWO SPECJALNE 2004, Poland, 2004, 971～977.
[32] 钱鸣高,缪协兴.采场矿山压力理论研究的新进展[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 1996, (2) : 17～20.
[33] 邓喀中,开采沉陷中的岩体结构效应[M].[徐州]:中国矿业大学出版社,1998.
[34] 于广明,谢和平,杨伦等.岩体采动沉陷的损伤效应.中国有色金属学报,1999, 9(1): 185～188.
[35] 郝延锦,吴立新,胡金星.厚松散层条件下地表移动变形预计理论研究[J].矿山测量, 2000(2).24～25.
[36] 王金庄.巨厚松散层下采煤地表移动规律的研究[J].煤炭学报,1997(1):18~ 21.
[37] 郝延锦,陈胜华.硬岩层对岩移参数的影响规律[J].煤,2000(9):8~9.
[38] 李增琪,杨硕.建筑物下开采集中位移应变漏与大变形[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[39] 余学义,刘智,牛宗涛等.采场上覆厚硬岩层的结构稳定性分析[J].煤田地质与勘探, 2007(5):38~42.
[40] 余学义,黄森林.浅埋煤层覆岩切落裂缝破坏及控制方法分析[J].煤田地质与勘探, 2006(4):18~23.
[2] 何国清.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1989.
[3] 钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社, 2003.
[4] 钱鸣高,缪协兴.采场上覆岩层活动规律及其对矿山压力的影响[J].煤炭学报,1982,7(2): 1～12.
[5] 茅献彪,缪协兴,钱鸣高.采动覆岩中关键层的破断规律研究[J].中国矿业大学学报, 1998,27(1): 39～42.
[6] 钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.岩层控制中的关键层理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21 (3) : 225～230.
[7] 缪协兴,茅献彪,钱鸣高.采动覆岩中关键层的复合效应分析[J].中国矿业大学学报, 1999(3):19～23.
[8] 许家林,钱鸣高.覆岩关键层位置的判别方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29 (5):463～467.
[9] 许家林,钱鸣高.关键层运动对覆岩及地表移动影响的研究[J].煤炭学报,2000, 25 (2) : 463～467.
[10] 余学义.采动地表沉陷破坏预计评价方法[J].煤炭设计,1997(5):7～9.
[11] 余学义,张恩强.开采损害学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.
[12] 何万龙,孔昭璧,康建荣.山区采动滑移的应力—应变模型[J]. 矿山测量,1991 (2): 22～26.
[13] 于广明.分形及损伤力学在开采沉陷中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 1999, 18(2): 241～243.
[14] 麻风海,杨帆.采矿地表沉陷的神经网络预测[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2000, 12(3):84～87.
[15] 李增琪,使用傅式变换计算开挖引起的地表移动[J].煤炭学报.1982,(2):32～37.
[16] 涂敏,桂和荣,李明好等.厚松散层及超薄覆岩厚煤层防水煤柱开采试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3494~3497.
[17] 吴立新,王金庄.建(构)筑物下压煤条带开采理论与实践[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1994.
[18] 李德海.厚松散层下条带开采技术的研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社.
[19] 赵德深.煤矿区采动覆岩里层分布规律与地表沉陷控制研究[D].辽宁:辽宁工程科技大学,2000.
[20] 史红.综采放顶煤厚层坚硬顶板稳定性分析及应用[D].济南:山东科技大学,2005.
[21] 史红,姜福兴.采场上覆大厚度坚硬岩层破断规律的力学分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3066～3069.
[22] 钱鸣高,刘听成.矿山压力及其控制[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1991.
[23] 柏杏丽,李皓.巨厚松散层下条带开采地表移动规律分析[J].煤炭科学技术, 2004, 32(8):71～74.
[24] Stanislaw S. Prognozowanie wplywow eksploatacji zloz pokladowych na gorotwor I powirzchnie terenu. Slaska Katowice 1995.
[25] Green K, Popiolek E.Wplyw eksploatacji gorniczej na powierzvhnie Igorptwor[M]. CRACOV:AGH,1990.
[26] Syd S P. Surface Subsidence Engineering[M].Published by society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. Inc Litteton, Colorado.
[27] Yu Xueyi.Studying theory of displacement and deformation in the mountain areas under the influence of underground exploitation [D]. Dissertation. Kracow(in Poland):AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland,1999.
[28] Wang Yuehan:Integral system research of prediction of mining subsidence,21th APCOM 2001,05.
[29] Wu Lixin. A new method for mining influence based on fine geologic model, 21th APCOM 2001,05.
[30] Yu Xueyi,Zhao Bingchao.The Control of Mining Damage in China. International Mining Forum 2004 Poland,2004,235～240.
[31] Yu Xueyi, Zhao Bingchao. Comprehensive mining control under high-storied buildings in landslide area..GEOTECHNIKA I BOUDOWNICTWO SPECJALNE 2004, Poland, 2004, 971～977.
[32] 钱鸣高,缪协兴.采场矿山压力理论研究的新进展[J].矿山压力与顶板管理, 1996, (2) : 17～20.
[33] 邓喀中,开采沉陷中的岩体结构效应[M].[徐州]:中国矿业大学出版社,1998.
[34] 于广明,谢和平,杨伦等.岩体采动沉陷的损伤效应.中国有色金属学报,1999, 9(1): 185～188.
[35] 郝延锦,吴立新,胡金星.厚松散层条件下地表移动变形预计理论研究[J].矿山测量, 2000(2).24～25.
[36] 王金庄.巨厚松散层下采煤地表移动规律的研究[J].煤炭学报,1997(1):18~ 21.
[37] 郝延锦,陈胜华.硬岩层对岩移参数的影响规律[J].煤,2000(9):8~9.
[38] 李增琪,杨硕.建筑物下开采集中位移应变漏与大变形[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[39] 余学义,刘智,牛宗涛等.采场上覆厚硬岩层的结构稳定性分析[J].煤田地质与勘探, 2007(5):38~42.
[40] 余学义,黄森林.浅埋煤层覆岩切落裂缝破坏及控制方法分析[J].煤田地质与勘探, 2006(4):18~23.