连续T梁桥抗震性能研究
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摘要
在各类桥梁结构中,以简支梁、连续梁为代表的梁式桥无疑是相对简单的,但是同时也最为常见和常用的。因此在地震作用下,为确保生命线工程的安全,加强对梁式桥地震行为的认识,其意义是尤为重要。
本文在总结前人在连续梁桥抗震性能的研究成果,对连续梁桥几个的问题进行进一步研究,主要研究内容如下:
1、针对T梁配双柱式桥墩的多跨连续桥上部构造的特点分别建立了精细模型、梁格模型和单梁模型进行对比分析,分别考察了三种建模方式对不同桥墩高度的结构动力特性的影响和地震响应的影响、不同场地条件地震动输入的地震响应的影响,研究表明:对10 m、20 m、30 m不同墩高的梁桥模型,在不同的场地地震输入作用下,采用单梁模型计算的误差是较小的,可以达到建模方便简单而计算精度又能满足工程需要的结果。因此,建议采用单梁模型进行分析。
2、研究了三种典型地形条件的桥梁的后继结构对连续T梁桥的纵、横向地震反应的影响。研究发现:在纵桥向,平原地形的桥梁如各跨结构相同且各联的跨数相同或相差不大,各联的抗推刚度相差不大,则各联之间也不存在碰撞效应,地震响应不会在各联之间传递,可按单联计算;而对峡谷地形及坡地地形的桥梁,由于各联的抗推刚度不同,各联的结构特征周期不同,联与联之间则可能存在碰撞效应,地震响应会在各联之间传递,即后继结构对地震响应会产生影响且不同的地震动输入,其影响程度不同;在横桥向,平原地形的桥梁如各跨结构相同且各联的跨数相同,各联的抗推刚度相同,在横桥向各联之间由于过渡墩上横向挡块的约束作用,则地震响应会在各联之间传递,不能单联计算,这点与纵桥向的规律不同。对于峡谷地形及坡地地形的的桥梁,由于各联的抗推刚度不同,各联的结构特征周期不同,以及过渡上横向挡块的约束作用,地震响应会在各联之间传递,即后继结构对地震响应会产生影响且不同的地震动输入,其影响程度不同。
3、讨论了不同的支座布置对多跨连续T梁纵桥向抗震性能的影响以及不同的横向约束方式对多跨连续T梁横桥向抗震性能的影响。研究发现:通过调整支座高度可以改善连续梁桥的刚度分布,从而改善各桥墩的剪力分布,以及减少相邻梁的碰撞,调整支座高度对改善这类短周期桥梁的抗震性能是很有效的;通过放松桥墩和梁的横向约束,可以降低横向地震荷载作用下连续梁桥墩底最大弯矩;而且对桥墩抗推刚度一致的平原地形地区桥梁和桥墩抗推刚度不一致峡谷地形的山区桥梁,通过改变桥墩和梁的横向约束对地震响应的影响程度不同。
In the various types of bridges, the beam bridge with simply supported beam and continuous beam bridge as representative is relatively simple, however the most common and also the most commonly used. So in the earthquake, in order to ensure the safety of lifeline engineering, and strengthen understanding for the earthquake behavior of the beam bridge and its significance is particularly important.
By learning from predecessors in the research results of the continuous beam bridge's seismic performance, this paper further study several problems of the continuous beam bridge, main contents are as follows:
1、According to the superstructure characteristics of multi-span continuous T-beam bridge with the double-column piers, the fine model, beam lattice model and single beam model are set up and have been comparatived and analysised, the impact of three different modeling ways to structural dynamic properties of different pier's height and the seismic response and seismic response of different venues conditions vibration input is investigated, study show that:the beam bridge model of 10m, 20m, 30m high piers at seismic input of different venues, the error of single-beam model calculation is small, the single-beam modeling is facilitate simple and modeling accuracy can meet project needs.
2、Study the impact of the successor of bridge on three typical terrain conditions to the T-beam bridge vertical and horizontal seismic response . Study found: In longitudinal direction, if the structure of every span is similar and span's number of every joint is same or similar for the bridge on the plains terrain, anti-push stiffness of every joint is similar, collision effect of joints does not exist in the longitudinal direction, seismic response will not be passed between joints, so can only calculate single joint. For bridge on the canyon terrain or the slope terrain, because of the different anti-push stiffness , the structural characteristic periods is different and seismic response will be passed between joints, namely the adjoining structure have effect on seismic response, and the effect degree is different by different seismic motion input. In transverse direction, if the structure of every span is similar and span's number of every joint is same for the bridge on the plains terrain, anti-push stiffness of every joint is same ,because of the restraining action of the transverse stop block on the transition pier, collision effect of joints will exist in the transverse direction , and seismic response will be passed between joints , we can not only calculate the single joint, that is different with law of the longitudinal direction. In transverse direction, because of the different anti-push stiffness for the bridge on the canyon terrain or the slope terrain , the structural characteristic periods is different , and because of the restraining action of the transverse stop block on the transition pier, seismic response will be passed between joints, namely the adjoining structure have effect on seismic response, and the effect degree is different by different seismic motion input.
3、discusses the impact of the different bearing form of multi-span continuous T-beam bridge to the longitudinal seismic response, as well as the impact of different constraint ways of multi-span continuous T-span beam bridge to seismic response in transverse direction. Study found: by adjusting the height of bearings can improve stiffness distribution of the continuous beam bridge, thereby improve the pier shear distribution, and reduce the clinical beam collision, it is effective adjusting the height of bearings on the improvement of such short-period seismic behavior of the bridge; Through deregulation transverse restraint of pier and beam can reduce the maximum moment of continuous beam bridge' s pier bottom in the transverse seismic loading; and it is different through changes transverse restrain of pier and beam on effect degree of the seismic response between the the plains bridge of consistent anti-push stiffness and the mountain bridge of inconsistent anti-push stiffness.
本文在总结前人在连续梁桥抗震性能的研究成果,对连续梁桥几个的问题进行进一步研究,主要研究内容如下:
1、针对T梁配双柱式桥墩的多跨连续桥上部构造的特点分别建立了精细模型、梁格模型和单梁模型进行对比分析,分别考察了三种建模方式对不同桥墩高度的结构动力特性的影响和地震响应的影响、不同场地条件地震动输入的地震响应的影响,研究表明:对10 m、20 m、30 m不同墩高的梁桥模型,在不同的场地地震输入作用下,采用单梁模型计算的误差是较小的,可以达到建模方便简单而计算精度又能满足工程需要的结果。因此,建议采用单梁模型进行分析。
2、研究了三种典型地形条件的桥梁的后继结构对连续T梁桥的纵、横向地震反应的影响。研究发现:在纵桥向,平原地形的桥梁如各跨结构相同且各联的跨数相同或相差不大,各联的抗推刚度相差不大,则各联之间也不存在碰撞效应,地震响应不会在各联之间传递,可按单联计算;而对峡谷地形及坡地地形的桥梁,由于各联的抗推刚度不同,各联的结构特征周期不同,联与联之间则可能存在碰撞效应,地震响应会在各联之间传递,即后继结构对地震响应会产生影响且不同的地震动输入,其影响程度不同;在横桥向,平原地形的桥梁如各跨结构相同且各联的跨数相同,各联的抗推刚度相同,在横桥向各联之间由于过渡墩上横向挡块的约束作用,则地震响应会在各联之间传递,不能单联计算,这点与纵桥向的规律不同。对于峡谷地形及坡地地形的的桥梁,由于各联的抗推刚度不同,各联的结构特征周期不同,以及过渡上横向挡块的约束作用,地震响应会在各联之间传递,即后继结构对地震响应会产生影响且不同的地震动输入,其影响程度不同。
3、讨论了不同的支座布置对多跨连续T梁纵桥向抗震性能的影响以及不同的横向约束方式对多跨连续T梁横桥向抗震性能的影响。研究发现:通过调整支座高度可以改善连续梁桥的刚度分布,从而改善各桥墩的剪力分布,以及减少相邻梁的碰撞,调整支座高度对改善这类短周期桥梁的抗震性能是很有效的;通过放松桥墩和梁的横向约束,可以降低横向地震荷载作用下连续梁桥墩底最大弯矩;而且对桥墩抗推刚度一致的平原地形地区桥梁和桥墩抗推刚度不一致峡谷地形的山区桥梁,通过改变桥墩和梁的横向约束对地震响应的影响程度不同。
In the various types of bridges, the beam bridge with simply supported beam and continuous beam bridge as representative is relatively simple, however the most common and also the most commonly used. So in the earthquake, in order to ensure the safety of lifeline engineering, and strengthen understanding for the earthquake behavior of the beam bridge and its significance is particularly important.
By learning from predecessors in the research results of the continuous beam bridge's seismic performance, this paper further study several problems of the continuous beam bridge, main contents are as follows:
1、According to the superstructure characteristics of multi-span continuous T-beam bridge with the double-column piers, the fine model, beam lattice model and single beam model are set up and have been comparatived and analysised, the impact of three different modeling ways to structural dynamic properties of different pier's height and the seismic response and seismic response of different venues conditions vibration input is investigated, study show that:the beam bridge model of 10m, 20m, 30m high piers at seismic input of different venues, the error of single-beam model calculation is small, the single-beam modeling is facilitate simple and modeling accuracy can meet project needs.
2、Study the impact of the successor of bridge on three typical terrain conditions to the T-beam bridge vertical and horizontal seismic response . Study found: In longitudinal direction, if the structure of every span is similar and span's number of every joint is same or similar for the bridge on the plains terrain, anti-push stiffness of every joint is similar, collision effect of joints does not exist in the longitudinal direction, seismic response will not be passed between joints, so can only calculate single joint. For bridge on the canyon terrain or the slope terrain, because of the different anti-push stiffness , the structural characteristic periods is different and seismic response will be passed between joints, namely the adjoining structure have effect on seismic response, and the effect degree is different by different seismic motion input. In transverse direction, if the structure of every span is similar and span's number of every joint is same for the bridge on the plains terrain, anti-push stiffness of every joint is same ,because of the restraining action of the transverse stop block on the transition pier, collision effect of joints will exist in the transverse direction , and seismic response will be passed between joints , we can not only calculate the single joint, that is different with law of the longitudinal direction. In transverse direction, because of the different anti-push stiffness for the bridge on the canyon terrain or the slope terrain , the structural characteristic periods is different , and because of the restraining action of the transverse stop block on the transition pier, seismic response will be passed between joints, namely the adjoining structure have effect on seismic response, and the effect degree is different by different seismic motion input.
3、discusses the impact of the different bearing form of multi-span continuous T-beam bridge to the longitudinal seismic response, as well as the impact of different constraint ways of multi-span continuous T-span beam bridge to seismic response in transverse direction. Study found: by adjusting the height of bearings can improve stiffness distribution of the continuous beam bridge, thereby improve the pier shear distribution, and reduce the clinical beam collision, it is effective adjusting the height of bearings on the improvement of such short-period seismic behavior of the bridge; Through deregulation transverse restraint of pier and beam can reduce the maximum moment of continuous beam bridge' s pier bottom in the transverse seismic loading; and it is different through changes transverse restrain of pier and beam on effect degree of the seismic response between the the plains bridge of consistent anti-push stiffness and the mountain bridge of inconsistent anti-push stiffness.
引文
[1]范立础编著,桥梁抗震,同济大学出版社,1997
[2]范立础 李建中 王君杰著,高架桥梁抗震设计,人民交通出版社,2001.
[3]中华人民共和国交通部标准,公路工程抗震设计规范(JTJ004-89),人民交通出版社,1990,北京
[4]中华人民共和国国家标准,GBJ 111-87铁路工程抗震设计规范,北京:中国计划出版社,1989
[5]中华人民共和国国家标准,建筑抗震设计规范(GB5001-2001),建设部及国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布,2001-07-20
[6]Caltrans,Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria Version 1.2,December 2001.
[7]Praveen K.Malhotora,"Dynamics of Seismic Pounding at Expansion Joints of Concrete Bridge",Journal of Engineering Mechanics (1998),794-802
[8]范立础 卓卫东编著,桥梁延性抗震设计,人民交通出版社,2001.
[9]胡聿贤著,《地震工程》,地震出版社,1988.
[10]范立础 胡世德 叶爱君编著,大跨度桥梁抗震设计,人民交通出版社,2001.
[11]李国豪主编,工程结构抗震动力学,上海科学技术出版社,1980
[12]叶爱君编著,桥梁抗震,同济大学出版社,1997
[13]张相庭 王志培 等编著,结构振动力学,同济大学出版社,2005
[14]于海龙,地震作用下简支桥梁间碰撞响应分析,北方交通大学硕士论文,2004.02
[15]M.J.N.普瑞斯特雷,F.塞勃勒,G.M.卡尔维著,袁万诚等译,《桥梁抗震设计与加固》,人民交通出版社
[16]宋晓东 李建中,山区桥梁的抗震概念设计,地震工程与工程振动,第24卷第1期。
[17]R.W.克拉夫 J.彭津 著,王光远等译,结构振动力学,科学出版社,2005
[18]郭中光,柱式桥墩的地震反应及简化公式,兰州铁道学院工学硕士学位论文,2000年
[19]周志浩,陈实等,“梁桥高墩的减震设计方法”,云南交通科技,第17卷第4期,2001年8月
[20]刘洪兵,朱日希“铁路高墩连续梁桥抗震控制系统的研究”,铁道学报,第 22卷第5期,2000年10月
[21]杜晓雷,桥梁抗震设计性能指标合理取值的研究,同济大学工学硕士学位论文,2004
[2]范立础 李建中 王君杰著,高架桥梁抗震设计,人民交通出版社,2001.
[3]中华人民共和国交通部标准,公路工程抗震设计规范(JTJ004-89),人民交通出版社,1990,北京
[4]中华人民共和国国家标准,GBJ 111-87铁路工程抗震设计规范,北京:中国计划出版社,1989
[5]中华人民共和国国家标准,建筑抗震设计规范(GB5001-2001),建设部及国家质量监督检验检疫总局联合发布,2001-07-20
[6]Caltrans,Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria Version 1.2,December 2001.
[7]Praveen K.Malhotora,"Dynamics of Seismic Pounding at Expansion Joints of Concrete Bridge",Journal of Engineering Mechanics (1998),794-802
[8]范立础 卓卫东编著,桥梁延性抗震设计,人民交通出版社,2001.
[9]胡聿贤著,《地震工程》,地震出版社,1988.
[10]范立础 胡世德 叶爱君编著,大跨度桥梁抗震设计,人民交通出版社,2001.
[11]李国豪主编,工程结构抗震动力学,上海科学技术出版社,1980
[12]叶爱君编著,桥梁抗震,同济大学出版社,1997
[13]张相庭 王志培 等编著,结构振动力学,同济大学出版社,2005
[14]于海龙,地震作用下简支桥梁间碰撞响应分析,北方交通大学硕士论文,2004.02
[15]M.J.N.普瑞斯特雷,F.塞勃勒,G.M.卡尔维著,袁万诚等译,《桥梁抗震设计与加固》,人民交通出版社
[16]宋晓东 李建中,山区桥梁的抗震概念设计,地震工程与工程振动,第24卷第1期。
[17]R.W.克拉夫 J.彭津 著,王光远等译,结构振动力学,科学出版社,2005
[18]郭中光,柱式桥墩的地震反应及简化公式,兰州铁道学院工学硕士学位论文,2000年
[19]周志浩,陈实等,“梁桥高墩的减震设计方法”,云南交通科技,第17卷第4期,2001年8月
[20]刘洪兵,朱日希“铁路高墩连续梁桥抗震控制系统的研究”,铁道学报,第 22卷第5期,2000年10月
[21]杜晓雷,桥梁抗震设计性能指标合理取值的研究,同济大学工学硕士学位论文,2004