嵌入全球价值链与我国移动电话制造业的发展
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摘要
经过30年左右时间的发展,移动电话制造业成为当前最具全球性特征的产业之一。移动电话制造业全球化最核心的特点就是其以产品内分工为基础的国际生产体系的形成,移动电话制造业全球价值链就是这一分工体系的直接产物。上世纪90年代初,一些移动电话行业的跨国公司开始在中国进行直接投资或是采用合同的方式将移动电话产品的生产环节外包给中国企业,这可以视为我国移动电话制造业的萌芽。在随后的10多年中我国移动电话制造业经历了一个十分快速地成长过程,我国移动电话制造业的萌芽和成长是与跨国公司主导的移动电话全球生产体系紧密相关的,我国移动电话制造业的发展过程就是嵌入主要跨国公司主导的移动电话全球价值链并在其中逐步成长壮大的过程。基于上述现实背景,本文试图以全球价值链下产业升级的一般理论框架来分析我国移动电话制造业的发展过程及其实际状况,围绕这一研究主题,本文首先介绍了移动电话全球价值链的形成及其构成、现实特征等,分析了我国移动电话制造业嵌入全球价值链的基本状况,包括嵌入的方式和在全球价值链中的商业运行模式。然后以Humphrey、Schmitz提出的全球价值链下产业升级的四种形式理论分析了我国移动电话制造业在全球价值链中升级的路径选择,并着重结合我国移动电话制造业发展的实际状况对我国移动电话制造业在全球价值链中实现升级的具体现状进行研究,通过对具体升级状况的研究本文得出了我国移动电话制造业在全球价值链中的升级存在缺乏充分的工艺流程升级、国产品牌移动电话生产企业升级不足等两个方面的主要问题,也得出了影响我国移动电话制造业升级的主体及客观环境因素。本文最后对上述研究所得的结论进行了总结并分别从国产品牌移动电话生产企业的升级、国产移动电话产业链及政府政策等三个不同的角度提出了在产业转型期加快我国移动电话制造业升级的对策建议。
Mobile phone manufacturing industry was born at some American and Europe countries which have advanced communication technology in the early of 1980s, nearly to 30 years’development, mobile phone manufacturing industry has became one of the most global industries. The key character of the globalization of mobile phone manufacturing industry is the formation of its global production system based on intra-product international division, and this has directly led to the formation of global value chains of mobile phone manufacturing industry. In the early of 1990s, some TNCs of mobile phone manufacturing industry begun to directly invest to China or use the outsourcing content to separate the production link of mobile phone to Chinese enterprises, and this can be thought as the beginning of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry, in the next 10 years, Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry has experienced a quickly growing period, the beginning and growing of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry are closely linked to the global production system of mobile phones which is organized by TNCs, the developing process of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry is just the process of inserting into global value chains led by TNCs and then gradually growing in it. Based on this background, this paper will try to use the general theories of global value chains to analyse the developing process and present situation of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry. For this study topic, firstly, this paper will introduce the formation of mobile phone global value chains, its composition and characters, analyse the basic situation of Chinese mobile industry inserting into global value chains, including the way of inserting into global value chains and the business running mode of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry in the global value chains. Then this paper will use the theory of four kind of upgrading forms in global value chains brought up by Humphrey and Schmitz to analyse the upgrading road choice of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry in the global value chains, it will take more attention to study the present realization of the four kind of upgrading forms of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry in the global value chains based on the present developing situation of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry .Through the study of specific upgrading situation ,this paper finds that lacking enough producing process upgrading and the upgrading of enterprises which produce Chinese brand mobile phone are the two main problems of upgrading of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry in the global value chains, this paper also gets the subjective and objective environment factors which can affect the upgrading of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry in global value chains. The final part of this paper makes a conclusion of the former analysis and brings up some strategies and suggestions to promote the upgrading of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry during the industry transferring period, these strategies and suggestions are come from three aspects, the upgrading of enterprises which produce Chinese brand mobile phone, Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry chains and the policies of government.
Mobile phone manufacturing industry was born at some American and Europe countries which have advanced communication technology in the early of 1980s, nearly to 30 years’development, mobile phone manufacturing industry has became one of the most global industries. The key character of the globalization of mobile phone manufacturing industry is the formation of its global production system based on intra-product international division, and this has directly led to the formation of global value chains of mobile phone manufacturing industry. In the early of 1990s, some TNCs of mobile phone manufacturing industry begun to directly invest to China or use the outsourcing content to separate the production link of mobile phone to Chinese enterprises, and this can be thought as the beginning of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry, in the next 10 years, Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry has experienced a quickly growing period, the beginning and growing of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry are closely linked to the global production system of mobile phones which is organized by TNCs, the developing process of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry is just the process of inserting into global value chains led by TNCs and then gradually growing in it. Based on this background, this paper will try to use the general theories of global value chains to analyse the developing process and present situation of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry. For this study topic, firstly, this paper will introduce the formation of mobile phone global value chains, its composition and characters, analyse the basic situation of Chinese mobile industry inserting into global value chains, including the way of inserting into global value chains and the business running mode of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry in the global value chains. Then this paper will use the theory of four kind of upgrading forms in global value chains brought up by Humphrey and Schmitz to analyse the upgrading road choice of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry in the global value chains, it will take more attention to study the present realization of the four kind of upgrading forms of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry in the global value chains based on the present developing situation of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry .Through the study of specific upgrading situation ,this paper finds that lacking enough producing process upgrading and the upgrading of enterprises which produce Chinese brand mobile phone are the two main problems of upgrading of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry in the global value chains, this paper also gets the subjective and objective environment factors which can affect the upgrading of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry in global value chains. The final part of this paper makes a conclusion of the former analysis and brings up some strategies and suggestions to promote the upgrading of Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry during the industry transferring period, these strategies and suggestions are come from three aspects, the upgrading of enterprises which produce Chinese brand mobile phone, Chinese mobile phone manufacturing industry chains and the policies of government.
引文
① Paul Krugman.Growing World Trade: Causes and Consequences.Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1995(1)
[1] 崔焕金, 曾蓓. 地方集群竞争优势的持续——嵌入全球价值链. 科技情报开发与经济, 2005(7)
[2] 程进. 对国际分工垂直分离化交易安排的制度分析. 国际经贸探索, 2005(2)
[3] 陈敬. 经济全球化条件下中国在国际分工格局中的定位—对外贸易视角的实证分析. 世界政治与经济论坛, 2003(2)
[4] 陈新桥, 骆品亮. 企业创新投入产出关系及其实证研究—基于完全竞争市场结构下的分析. 产业经济研究, 2005(5)
[5] 成其谦. 世界制造中心辩析. 中国工业经济, 2002(4)
[6] 杜振华. 国产品牌移动电话产业的延伸与裂变. 移动通信, 2005(10)
[7] 高越, 高峰. 垂直化分工及我国的分工地位. 国际贸易问题, 2005(3)
[8] 国家知识产权局知识产权发展研究中心. 我国移动电话行业专利状况分析. 2004(3)
[9] 黄建康. 跨国公司价值链战略的新趋势与我国企业对策. 生产力研究, 2005(1)
[10] 胡军, 陶锋等. 珠三角 OEM 型企业的持续成长的路径选择—基于全球价值链外包体系的视角. 中国工业经济, 2005(8)
[11] 江小娟. 从加工组装向制造基地转变—外商在华投资进入新阶段. 国际贸易, 2002(3)
[12] 李心芹, 李仕明等. 产业结构类型研究. 工业经济, 2005(3)
[13] 刘曙光, 杨华. 关于全球价值链理论与区域产业升级的研究综述. 中国海洋大学学报, 2004(5)
[14] 刘海云. 跨国公司经营优势变迁. 中国发展出版社, 2000. 181-200
[15] 刘英, 谢运, 吴明生. 产业内贸易与我国加工贸易的发展. 国际贸易问题, 2005(6)
[16] 林妙雀. 产业全球化驱动力与企业资源能力对全球策略运作影响之研究-外商来台投资及台商赴海外投资企业之实证分析. 管理学报(台湾), 2004(4)
[17] 吕文栋, 张辉. 全球价值链下的地方产业集群. 中国软科学, 2005(2)
[18] 吕政. 中国能成为世界工厂吗? 经济管理出版社, 2003(9)
[19] 吕刚. 中国发展观察. 国务院发展研究中心对外经济研究部, 2006(3)
[20] 卢明华, 李国平. 全球电子信息产业价值链及对我国的启示. 北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2004(4)
[21] 迈克尔·波特著, 陈小悦译. 竞争优势. 华夏出版社, 1997
[22] 梅丽, 张向阳. 全球价值链视角下的制造业升级. 商业经济, 2005(10)
[23] 马骏, 范保群. 我国移动电话产业的彻底调查. 通讯世界, 2004(7)
[24] 茹玉骢. 规模报酬递增视角下的国际贸易理论述评. 浙江社会科学, 2004(2)
[25] 任家华, 王成璋. 嵌入全球价值链:中国高新技术产业的升级路径. 高新技术产业化, 2005(5)
[26] 任家华, 王成璋. 基于全球价值链的高新技术产业集群转型升级. 高新技术产业化, 2005(3)
[27] 熊贤良. 中国在国际竞争压力下的经济发展路径选择. 重庆出版社, 2003
[28] 杨友仁. 跨界生产网络的组织治理模式—以苏州地区信息电子业台商为例. 地理研究, 2005(2)
[29] 张向阳, 薛有为. 嵌入全球价值链与产业升级-以苏州和温州为例. 国际贸易问题, 2005(4)
[30] 张志勇, 徐杰玲. 全球化对我国移动电话产业价值链的影响. 经济论坛, 2004(20)
[31] 张辉. 全球价值链理论与我国产业发展研究. 中国工业经济, 2004(5)
[32] 张伟. 后发优势与贸易发展. 中国社会科学出版社, 2003(5)
[33] 张为付. 国际产业资本转移的基础? 规 律及趋势. 国际贸易问题, 2005(3)
[34] 赵文丁. 新型国际分工格局下中国制造业的比较优势. 中国工业经济, 2003(8)
[35] 中国移动电话市场调查报告. 中国企划网(www.cnqihua.com)
[36] 周悟. 手机到底值多少钱—波导 D660 移动电话成本分析. 计算机世界
[37] 文娉, 曾刚. 嵌入全球价值链的产业集群—地方建筑陶瓷产业集群研究. 中国工业经济, 2004(2)
[38] 吴解生. 中国制造业的全球价值链融入及其区位优势. 国际贸易问题, 2005(4)
[39] B.Kogut, N.Kulatillaka .Operating Flexibility, Global Manufaturing and the Option Value of a Multinatioanal Networks. Management science, 1994(40)
[40] B.Kogut, G.Walker, J.Anand .Agency and Institutions: National Divergences in Diversification Behavior . Organization Science, 2002(13)
[41] Feenstra , H.Hanson. Globalization, outsourcing, and Wage Inequality. Globalizationand the U.S Labour Market, 2001(86)
[42] Feenstra, Robert C, Hanson. Globalization, outsourcing, and wage inequality, American Economic Review. 1996(86)
[43] Gereffi, Gary.International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain. Journal of International Economics, 1999(48)
[44] Gereffi, Gary,Humphrey.The governance of global value chains. Review of International Political Economy. 2005(12)
[45] Gereffi, Gary.International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain. Journal of International Economics, 1999(48)
[46] H. Mirza, A. Giroud .regionalization, foreign direct investment and poverty reduction.Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy,2004(9)
[47] Hodgson, Glen.China-Get Used To It . Canadian Business, 2004(78)
[48] J.Humphrey, H.Schimitz. How Does Insertion in Global Value Chains Affect Upgrading in Industral Clusters? , Regional Studies, 2002(36): 1017-1027
[49] K.Nadvi ,J.Thoburn. Challenges to Vietnamese Firms in the World Garment and Textile Value Chain, and the Implications for Alleviating Poverty. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 2004(9)
[50] Kogut. Designing Global Strategies: Comparative and Competitive Value-added Chains, Sloan Management Review , 1985(4)
[51] Paul Krugman. Growing World Trade: Causes and Consequences. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1995(1)
[52] Palpacuer, Florence, Gibbon. New Challenges for Developing Country Suppliers in Global Clothing Chains: A Comparative European Perspective. World Development, 2005(3)
[53] Ponte, Stefano , Gibbon. Quality standards, conventions and the governance of the global value chains. Economy & Society, 2005(34)
[54] Shuk-Ching Poon, Teresa. Beyond the global production networks: a case of further upgrading of Taiwan's information technology industry. International Journal of Technology & Globalization , 2004(1)
[55] Yi, Kei-Mu .Can Vertical Specialization Explain The Growth of World Trade. Federal Reserve Bank of New York Research Paper, 1999(96)
[1] 崔焕金, 曾蓓. 地方集群竞争优势的持续——嵌入全球价值链. 科技情报开发与经济, 2005(7)
[2] 程进. 对国际分工垂直分离化交易安排的制度分析. 国际经贸探索, 2005(2)
[3] 陈敬. 经济全球化条件下中国在国际分工格局中的定位—对外贸易视角的实证分析. 世界政治与经济论坛, 2003(2)
[4] 陈新桥, 骆品亮. 企业创新投入产出关系及其实证研究—基于完全竞争市场结构下的分析. 产业经济研究, 2005(5)
[5] 成其谦. 世界制造中心辩析. 中国工业经济, 2002(4)
[6] 杜振华. 国产品牌移动电话产业的延伸与裂变. 移动通信, 2005(10)
[7] 高越, 高峰. 垂直化分工及我国的分工地位. 国际贸易问题, 2005(3)
[8] 国家知识产权局知识产权发展研究中心. 我国移动电话行业专利状况分析. 2004(3)
[9] 黄建康. 跨国公司价值链战略的新趋势与我国企业对策. 生产力研究, 2005(1)
[10] 胡军, 陶锋等. 珠三角 OEM 型企业的持续成长的路径选择—基于全球价值链外包体系的视角. 中国工业经济, 2005(8)
[11] 江小娟. 从加工组装向制造基地转变—外商在华投资进入新阶段. 国际贸易, 2002(3)
[12] 李心芹, 李仕明等. 产业结构类型研究. 工业经济, 2005(3)
[13] 刘曙光, 杨华. 关于全球价值链理论与区域产业升级的研究综述. 中国海洋大学学报, 2004(5)
[14] 刘海云. 跨国公司经营优势变迁. 中国发展出版社, 2000. 181-200
[15] 刘英, 谢运, 吴明生. 产业内贸易与我国加工贸易的发展. 国际贸易问题, 2005(6)
[16] 林妙雀. 产业全球化驱动力与企业资源能力对全球策略运作影响之研究-外商来台投资及台商赴海外投资企业之实证分析. 管理学报(台湾), 2004(4)
[17] 吕文栋, 张辉. 全球价值链下的地方产业集群. 中国软科学, 2005(2)
[18] 吕政. 中国能成为世界工厂吗? 经济管理出版社, 2003(9)
[19] 吕刚. 中国发展观察. 国务院发展研究中心对外经济研究部, 2006(3)
[20] 卢明华, 李国平. 全球电子信息产业价值链及对我国的启示. 北京大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2004(4)
[21] 迈克尔·波特著, 陈小悦译. 竞争优势. 华夏出版社, 1997
[22] 梅丽, 张向阳. 全球价值链视角下的制造业升级. 商业经济, 2005(10)
[23] 马骏, 范保群. 我国移动电话产业的彻底调查. 通讯世界, 2004(7)
[24] 茹玉骢. 规模报酬递增视角下的国际贸易理论述评. 浙江社会科学, 2004(2)
[25] 任家华, 王成璋. 嵌入全球价值链:中国高新技术产业的升级路径. 高新技术产业化, 2005(5)
[26] 任家华, 王成璋. 基于全球价值链的高新技术产业集群转型升级. 高新技术产业化, 2005(3)
[27] 熊贤良. 中国在国际竞争压力下的经济发展路径选择. 重庆出版社, 2003
[28] 杨友仁. 跨界生产网络的组织治理模式—以苏州地区信息电子业台商为例. 地理研究, 2005(2)
[29] 张向阳, 薛有为. 嵌入全球价值链与产业升级-以苏州和温州为例. 国际贸易问题, 2005(4)
[30] 张志勇, 徐杰玲. 全球化对我国移动电话产业价值链的影响. 经济论坛, 2004(20)
[31] 张辉. 全球价值链理论与我国产业发展研究. 中国工业经济, 2004(5)
[32] 张伟. 后发优势与贸易发展. 中国社会科学出版社, 2003(5)
[33] 张为付. 国际产业资本转移的基础? 规 律及趋势. 国际贸易问题, 2005(3)
[34] 赵文丁. 新型国际分工格局下中国制造业的比较优势. 中国工业经济, 2003(8)
[35] 中国移动电话市场调查报告. 中国企划网(www.cnqihua.com)
[36] 周悟. 手机到底值多少钱—波导 D660 移动电话成本分析. 计算机世界
[37] 文娉, 曾刚. 嵌入全球价值链的产业集群—地方建筑陶瓷产业集群研究. 中国工业经济, 2004(2)
[38] 吴解生. 中国制造业的全球价值链融入及其区位优势. 国际贸易问题, 2005(4)
[39] B.Kogut, N.Kulatillaka .Operating Flexibility, Global Manufaturing and the Option Value of a Multinatioanal Networks. Management science, 1994(40)
[40] B.Kogut, G.Walker, J.Anand .Agency and Institutions: National Divergences in Diversification Behavior . Organization Science, 2002(13)
[41] Feenstra , H.Hanson. Globalization, outsourcing, and Wage Inequality. Globalizationand the U.S Labour Market, 2001(86)
[42] Feenstra, Robert C, Hanson. Globalization, outsourcing, and wage inequality, American Economic Review. 1996(86)
[43] Gereffi, Gary.International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain. Journal of International Economics, 1999(48)
[44] Gereffi, Gary,Humphrey.The governance of global value chains. Review of International Political Economy. 2005(12)
[45] Gereffi, Gary.International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain. Journal of International Economics, 1999(48)
[46] H. Mirza, A. Giroud .regionalization, foreign direct investment and poverty reduction.Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy,2004(9)
[47] Hodgson, Glen.China-Get Used To It . Canadian Business, 2004(78)
[48] J.Humphrey, H.Schimitz. How Does Insertion in Global Value Chains Affect Upgrading in Industral Clusters? , Regional Studies, 2002(36): 1017-1027
[49] K.Nadvi ,J.Thoburn. Challenges to Vietnamese Firms in the World Garment and Textile Value Chain, and the Implications for Alleviating Poverty. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 2004(9)
[50] Kogut. Designing Global Strategies: Comparative and Competitive Value-added Chains, Sloan Management Review , 1985(4)
[51] Paul Krugman. Growing World Trade: Causes and Consequences. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1995(1)
[52] Palpacuer, Florence, Gibbon. New Challenges for Developing Country Suppliers in Global Clothing Chains: A Comparative European Perspective. World Development, 2005(3)
[53] Ponte, Stefano , Gibbon. Quality standards, conventions and the governance of the global value chains. Economy & Society, 2005(34)
[54] Shuk-Ching Poon, Teresa. Beyond the global production networks: a case of further upgrading of Taiwan's information technology industry. International Journal of Technology & Globalization , 2004(1)
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