浓相气力输送脱硫石膏复杂管段流动特性的研究
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摘要
我国火力发电厂以煤炭为主要原料,加上我国煤的含硫量普遍较高,SO_2就成为大气污染的主要污染物之一,在环境压力日益增大的今天,这已经成为备受重视与亟待解决的问题。因此火力发电厂的烟气脱硫显得尤为重要。烟气脱硫,80-90%都采用石灰石(石灰)-石膏法脱硫技术,其副产物就是脱硫石膏。从质量上看,脱硫石膏纯度较高、成分稳定,与天然石膏相比,其含水率较高、粒度较小、成粉状、含水溶性盐类较少,脱硫石膏的品位已经超过了天然石膏,有相当大的利用价值。但是脱硫石膏的输送是个难题,一方面由于脱硫石膏过细(直径普遍小于60μm ),带来流动性和触变性问题;另一方面,由于从脱硫塔下到脱硫石膏的利用地,如石膏板厂、水泥厂等通常地形都比较复杂,车辆运输等造价太高,这就造成了脱硫石膏的干燥状态下的输运问题成为其应用的瓶颈。
浓相气力输送技术由于其能耗低、装置安全、费用低、易于自动化、环保并且结构简单、操作方便、布置灵活等优势,在工农业生产中得到了广泛应用。而将其作为脱硫石膏粉体输运的方式不仅可以保持粉体活性而且容易实现输送的连续性,这不但有重要的理论意义还有重要的应用价值和前景。
鉴于此,本文选用工程中较为常用而研究较少的水平弯管、变管径(含渐缩管、渐扩管)等复杂管段作为研究对象,在高浓度流态化气力输送台上以压缩空气作为输送动力,火电厂脱硫石膏粉体作为输送介质进行两相流实验,通过改变输送管道的几何形状、系统的操作参数等因素找到不同复杂管道处的流动参数的实验变化规律。通过实验研究发现,管道的几何结构对输送过程的流动参数具有较大影响。
在实验的基础上,本文建立了适合不同复杂管道包含管道几何结构、流动参数等因素在内的普适性较好的压力降物理数学计算模型。误差分析表明,该模型具有较好的准确性,能够用来系统的设计计算与管道布置形式的优化。
数值模拟作为浓相气力输送新的研究方法,近十几年来得到了充分的发展。本文根据输送实验管道的实际尺寸,在前处理过程中采用GAMBIT软件建立了复杂管道的几何模型,并进行了网格划分,考虑在管壁及变径处流动的复杂性,特通过划分边界层的方式对网格进行加密,以便提高模拟的准确性。在实验的基础上,选用气固两相湍动的双流体模型,该模型全面地考虑了两相间、颗粒之间以及颗粒与管壁之间的相互作用,在ANSYS计算平台上对实验工况的气力输送过程进行了模拟,得到了输送过程的压力分布图、浓度分布图和速度矢量图等流场信息,直观地显示了浓相气力输送过程中的流场变化情况,并分析了产生图示流场的原因。将模拟结果和实验结果作了对比,发现两者吻合较好,说明本文建立的数学模型具有较高的准确性,能够预测浓相气力输送过程中的各种参数的变化。
Viewing of the growing pressure on the current environment, SO_2 emissions has been a much attention and urgent problem which as the main pollutants of air pollution. Therefore, what the flue gas desulfurate gypsum in thermal power plant is very important and the by-product is desulfurated-gypsum. From the view of quality point, desulfurated-gypsum have high purity, stability composition, high moisture content, smaller particle size, powder shape, containing less water-soluble salts compared with natural gypsum. Therefore there is considerable value in use. But due to the complex terrain from desulfurization tower to the using land, such as gypsum board factory, cement plant, etc. vehicles and transportation costs are too high, which leaded the transports been an application bottleneck.
Pneumatic conveying powder is widely used in many kinds of industrial processes because of merits like almost no dust pollution and more flexibility of pipeline layout. Widely used too are the high-density and low-velocity conveying of powder due to merits like the low energy loss, the prevention of the attrition of pipes and that it inhibits to make powder crash. Using dense-phase pneumatic conveying desulfurated-gypsum powder not only can maintain the activity of powder and continuity of easy transportation, but also has important theoretical significance there is an important value and prospects.
View of this, variable pipe (including the stepped pipe, diverging pipe) and horizontal curved duct which were widely used in the engineering project and less researched on in the high concentration of fluidized transportation were studied in this paper. In the research we used compress air as the transmission power, desulfurated-gypsum as the transport medium and found out the change and law of flow parameters by changing the geometry of the transmission pipeline, the system's operating parameters and other factors. The experiments indicated that the geometry of the transmission pipeline and the system's operating parameters played an important role.
Based on the experiments, the physical and mathematical model was established which considered of the geometry of the transmission pipeline, flow parameters and other factors to calculate the pressure lost. The error analysis shows that the model has good accuracy and can be used to calculate and optimize the pipe layout, providing reference for practical application.
Numerical simulation of dense phase pneumatic conveying has been fully developed at the last decade as a new research method. Based on the actual size of the geometry of the transmission pipeline, the geometric model and mesh creation was set up by using the software GAMBIT in former course of treatment. The boundary layer was divided near wall and refinement mesh was carried out in complex pipe in considering of the complexity of the flow to improve the accuracy of the simulation. Based on the experiment, an Euler-Euler two fluid model was used to simulate the process of the pneumatic conveying which was based on the kinetic theory of dense gases and kinetic theory of granular, including the interactions between two phases, particles and the particles, particles and wall in the ANSYS computing Platform. The visual information of flow field in the process such as the distribution of static pressure, dynamic pressure, distribution of particle phase, velocity vectors were simulated and analyzed. The simulation results and experimental results are consistent with each other, indicating that numerical simulation can be used to predict the two-phase flow.
浓相气力输送技术由于其能耗低、装置安全、费用低、易于自动化、环保并且结构简单、操作方便、布置灵活等优势,在工农业生产中得到了广泛应用。而将其作为脱硫石膏粉体输运的方式不仅可以保持粉体活性而且容易实现输送的连续性,这不但有重要的理论意义还有重要的应用价值和前景。
鉴于此,本文选用工程中较为常用而研究较少的水平弯管、变管径(含渐缩管、渐扩管)等复杂管段作为研究对象,在高浓度流态化气力输送台上以压缩空气作为输送动力,火电厂脱硫石膏粉体作为输送介质进行两相流实验,通过改变输送管道的几何形状、系统的操作参数等因素找到不同复杂管道处的流动参数的实验变化规律。通过实验研究发现,管道的几何结构对输送过程的流动参数具有较大影响。
在实验的基础上,本文建立了适合不同复杂管道包含管道几何结构、流动参数等因素在内的普适性较好的压力降物理数学计算模型。误差分析表明,该模型具有较好的准确性,能够用来系统的设计计算与管道布置形式的优化。
数值模拟作为浓相气力输送新的研究方法,近十几年来得到了充分的发展。本文根据输送实验管道的实际尺寸,在前处理过程中采用GAMBIT软件建立了复杂管道的几何模型,并进行了网格划分,考虑在管壁及变径处流动的复杂性,特通过划分边界层的方式对网格进行加密,以便提高模拟的准确性。在实验的基础上,选用气固两相湍动的双流体模型,该模型全面地考虑了两相间、颗粒之间以及颗粒与管壁之间的相互作用,在ANSYS计算平台上对实验工况的气力输送过程进行了模拟,得到了输送过程的压力分布图、浓度分布图和速度矢量图等流场信息,直观地显示了浓相气力输送过程中的流场变化情况,并分析了产生图示流场的原因。将模拟结果和实验结果作了对比,发现两者吻合较好,说明本文建立的数学模型具有较高的准确性,能够预测浓相气力输送过程中的各种参数的变化。
Viewing of the growing pressure on the current environment, SO_2 emissions has been a much attention and urgent problem which as the main pollutants of air pollution. Therefore, what the flue gas desulfurate gypsum in thermal power plant is very important and the by-product is desulfurated-gypsum. From the view of quality point, desulfurated-gypsum have high purity, stability composition, high moisture content, smaller particle size, powder shape, containing less water-soluble salts compared with natural gypsum. Therefore there is considerable value in use. But due to the complex terrain from desulfurization tower to the using land, such as gypsum board factory, cement plant, etc. vehicles and transportation costs are too high, which leaded the transports been an application bottleneck.
Pneumatic conveying powder is widely used in many kinds of industrial processes because of merits like almost no dust pollution and more flexibility of pipeline layout. Widely used too are the high-density and low-velocity conveying of powder due to merits like the low energy loss, the prevention of the attrition of pipes and that it inhibits to make powder crash. Using dense-phase pneumatic conveying desulfurated-gypsum powder not only can maintain the activity of powder and continuity of easy transportation, but also has important theoretical significance there is an important value and prospects.
View of this, variable pipe (including the stepped pipe, diverging pipe) and horizontal curved duct which were widely used in the engineering project and less researched on in the high concentration of fluidized transportation were studied in this paper. In the research we used compress air as the transmission power, desulfurated-gypsum as the transport medium and found out the change and law of flow parameters by changing the geometry of the transmission pipeline, the system's operating parameters and other factors. The experiments indicated that the geometry of the transmission pipeline and the system's operating parameters played an important role.
Based on the experiments, the physical and mathematical model was established which considered of the geometry of the transmission pipeline, flow parameters and other factors to calculate the pressure lost. The error analysis shows that the model has good accuracy and can be used to calculate and optimize the pipe layout, providing reference for practical application.
Numerical simulation of dense phase pneumatic conveying has been fully developed at the last decade as a new research method. Based on the actual size of the geometry of the transmission pipeline, the geometric model and mesh creation was set up by using the software GAMBIT in former course of treatment. The boundary layer was divided near wall and refinement mesh was carried out in complex pipe in considering of the complexity of the flow to improve the accuracy of the simulation. Based on the experiment, an Euler-Euler two fluid model was used to simulate the process of the pneumatic conveying which was based on the kinetic theory of dense gases and kinetic theory of granular, including the interactions between two phases, particles and the particles, particles and wall in the ANSYS computing Platform. The visual information of flow field in the process such as the distribution of static pressure, dynamic pressure, distribution of particle phase, velocity vectors were simulated and analyzed. The simulation results and experimental results are consistent with each other, indicating that numerical simulation can be used to predict the two-phase flow.
引文
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