智能天线中阵列信号处理算法的研究
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摘要
本文主要研究了智能天线应用中的多种阵列信号处理算法。首先分析了一种基于平行阵的二维方向角自动配对方法，指出了其中方法性能缺陷的理论原因。提出了改进的特征结构子空间算法，采用二维联合估计方法，解决了原算法存在的角度估计模糊问题。提出采用L型阵列并构造虚拟阵元以优化二维方向估计阵列结构。其次本文研究了基于圆阵的波达方向估计MUSIC算法，对算法进一步改进完善。针对原算法不能处理相干信号的问题，提出应用Relax方法解决。最后本文针对宽带波束形成器设计，分析了不同的MSE优化准则，分别研究了基于Toeplitz矩阵和基于LMS的快速权值求解算法。并比较了均匀阵和非均匀阵条件下对波束形成器设计的影响。本文的主要研究手段是采用科学和工程计算语言MATLAB进行仿真验证。
The main researches of this dissertation are array signal processing algorithms for the application of smart antenna. Firstly based on the parallel array, an algorithm for matching the ESPRIT's estimation of two-dimensional angle is analyzed. Theoretical reasons of the performance shortage are pointed out. A new approach is presented of the eigen-structure subspace algorithms, the problem of ambiguous estimation in the original algorithm is solved and array architecture is optimized. Secondly based on the circle array, it studies DOA estimation in the presence of MUSIC algorithm. Under the condition of coherent signals, the Relax algorithm together with preprocessing is proposed for the estimation of DOA based on UCL. Finally the broadband beamforming is considered. A series of optimal criterion for MSE are analyzed. To estimate the weight vector, fast algorithms are presented by using the Toeplitz matrix and LMS algorithm. Computer simulation is carried out to validate the above feasibilities by the researc
h tool of the software MATLAB.
The main researches of this dissertation are array signal processing algorithms for the application of smart antenna. Firstly based on the parallel array, an algorithm for matching the ESPRIT's estimation of two-dimensional angle is analyzed. Theoretical reasons of the performance shortage are pointed out. A new approach is presented of the eigen-structure subspace algorithms, the problem of ambiguous estimation in the original algorithm is solved and array architecture is optimized. Secondly based on the circle array, it studies DOA estimation in the presence of MUSIC algorithm. Under the condition of coherent signals, the Relax algorithm together with preprocessing is proposed for the estimation of DOA based on UCL. Finally the broadband beamforming is considered. A series of optimal criterion for MSE are analyzed. To estimate the weight vector, fast algorithms are presented by using the Toeplitz matrix and LMS algorithm. Computer simulation is carried out to validate the above feasibilities by the researc
h tool of the software MATLAB.
引文
1 王增和，卢春兰，钱祖平，乐超．天线与电波传播．第一版．北京：机械工业出版社，2003
2 吴伟陵．移动通信中的关键技术．第一版．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000
3 Haykin S,Reilly J P, Vertatschitsch E. Some Aspects of Array Signal Processing. IEE Proc.-F, 1992, 139: 1-26
4 Krim H, Viberg M. Two Decades of Array Signal Processing. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 1996,13(4): 67-94
5 张贤达，现代信号处理，第一版，北京：清华大学出版社，1995
6 张贤达，保铮．通信信号处理．第一版．北京：国防工业出版社，2000
7 范达，张莉，吴瑛．利用两次奇异值分解实现二维ESPRIT参量配对．通信学报．2002，Vol．23，No．11：80-85
8 Yih-Min Chen. On Spatial Smothing for Two-Dimensional Direction-of-Arrival Estimation of Coherent Signal. IEEE Trans on SP, 1997,Vol.45,No.7
9 Roy R,Paulraj A,Kailath T. ESPRIT-A Subspace Rotation Approach to Estimation of Parameters of Cisoids in Noise. IEEE Trans. Acoust.,Speech, Signal Processing, 1986, 34,1340-1342
10 Roy R, Kailath T. ESPRIT-estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques[J].IEEE Trans on ASSP,1989,37(7): 984-995.
11 Li J, Compton R T. Two-dimensional Angle and Polarization Estimation using ESPRIT Algorithm[J].IEEE Trans on AP, 1993,39(9): 1376-1383.
12 周云钟，陈天麒．多信号极化与到达角估计．电子科技大学学报．199625(6)：574-578
13 周云钟，陈天麒．信号的二维到达角和极化估计．电子科学学刊，1998，20(3)：302-307
14 程卫国，冯峰，姚东．MATLAB 5.3应用指南．北京人民邮电出版社，1999
15 Van Der Veen A J, Deprettere E F. Parallel VLSI Matrix Pencil Algorithm for High Resolution Finding[J].IEEE Trans on ASSP, 1991, 39(2): 383-394
16 D. Davis. A Transformation between the Phasing Techniques Required for Linear and Circular aerial arrays. IEE Proceedings, 1965, 112(11): 2041-2045
17 A. H. Tewfik, W. Hong. On the Application of Uniform Linear Array Bearing Estimation Techniques to Uniform Circular Arrays. IEEE Trans. SP, 1992, 40(4): 1008-1011
18 A, H. Tewfik, W Hong. On the Equivalence of Uniform Linear Array and Uniform
Circular Array, Proceedings Fifth IEEE ASSP Workshop on Spectrum Estimation and Modeling, 1990, 139-143
19 C. E. Hickman, H. P. Neff, J. D. Tillman. The Theory of a Single-Ring Circular Antenna Array, Trans. Amer. Inst. Elect. Eng., 1961, 80(1): 110-115
20 L. D. Longstaff, P E. K. Chow, D. E. N. Davis. Directional Properties of Circular Arrays. IEE Proceedings, 1967, 114(6): 713-717
21 T. Rahim, D. Davis. Effect of Directional Elements on the Directional Response of Circular Antenna Arrays. IEE Proceedings, 1982, 129(2): 18-22
22 J. R. F. Guy, D. Davis. UHF Circular Arrays Incorporating Open-loop Null Steering for Communications. IEE Proceedings, 1983, 130(1): 67-77
23 何明浩，尹以新，张贤达．加权子空间拟合相干信源二维波达方向估计．现代雷达．2001，Vol．23，No．1：49-51
24 张毅，黄帮明，程时昕．基于TD-SCDMA无线定位MUSIC算法及其性能的研究．信号处理．2003，Vol．19，No．4：291-294
25 C P Mathens, M D Zoltowski. Eigenstructure Techniques for 2D Angle Estimation with Uniform Circular Arrays. IEEE Trans. SP, 1994, 42(9): 2395-2407
26 Hongyi Wang, K J Ray L iu. 2 D Spatial Smoothing for Multipath Coherent Signal Separation. IEEE Trans. AES, 1998, 34(4): 391-405
27 He Minghao, Yin Yixin, Zhang Xianda. UCA-ESPRIT Algorithm for 2-D Angle Estimation. 2000, ICSP 2000
28 Norman Yuen and Benjamin Friedlander, Asymptotoc Performance Analysis of Esprite, Heighter Order Esprit, and Virtual Esprit Algorithms, Transactions on signal processing, 1996,Vol.44, No. 10
29 M.D.Zoltowski,G.M.Kautz, S.D.Silverstein,Beamspace root-MUSIC,IEEE Trans. on SP, 1993,41 (1), 344-364
30 Li,J., and Stoica p., Efficient Mixed-spectrum Estimation with Application to Target Feature Extraction. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1996, Vol 44: 281～295
31 Li J.,Stoica P., and Zhang D. Angle and Waveform estimation via RELAX. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1997,Vol.33, No.3: 1077-1087
32 Stoica, P., and Sharman, K.C. Maximum Likelihood Methods for Direction-of-arrival Estimation. IEEE Trans.on ASSP, 38, 1990, 1132-1143
33 Van Veen B D,Buekley K M. Beamforming: A Versatile Approach to Spatial Filtering[J]. IEEE ASSP Magazine, 1988,5(2): 4～24
34 Ma M T. Theory and Applications of Antenna Arrays [M]. New York: Wiley, 1974,73～177
35 朱维杰，孙进才．具有频率不变波束图的非均匀线列宽带基阵设计．数据采集与处理．2003，Vol．18，No．1：78-82
36 Lee T S, Efficient Wideband Source Localization Using Beamforming Invariance Technique [J].IEEE Trans on Signal Processing, 1994,Vol.46: 1376～1387
37 Monzingo R, Miller T. Introduction to Adaptive arrays[M], New York: Wiley and Sons, 1980, 60～64
38 Gabriel W F. AdaptiveProcessing Array System[J], Proc IEEE, 1992,80: 152～162
39 Smith R. Constant Beamwidth Receiving Arrays for Broad Band Sonar Systems[J]. Acoustica, 1970,23: 21～26
40 朱维杰，孙进才．基于DFT插值的宽带波束形成器设计．通信学报．2002，Vol．23 No．8：59-66
41 R. KUMAR, A Fast Algorithm for Solving a Toeplitz System of Equations, IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, 1985,Vol.33, 254-267
42 张翔．一种变步长LMS自适应滤波算法研究．航空计算技术．2004，Vol．34 No．1：9-11
43 何振亚．自适应信号处理．第一版．北京：科学出版社，2002
2 吴伟陵．移动通信中的关键技术．第一版．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2000
3 Haykin S,Reilly J P, Vertatschitsch E. Some Aspects of Array Signal Processing. IEE Proc.-F, 1992, 139: 1-26
4 Krim H, Viberg M. Two Decades of Array Signal Processing. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, 1996,13(4): 67-94
5 张贤达，现代信号处理，第一版，北京：清华大学出版社，1995
6 张贤达，保铮．通信信号处理．第一版．北京：国防工业出版社，2000
7 范达，张莉，吴瑛．利用两次奇异值分解实现二维ESPRIT参量配对．通信学报．2002，Vol．23，No．11：80-85
8 Yih-Min Chen. On Spatial Smothing for Two-Dimensional Direction-of-Arrival Estimation of Coherent Signal. IEEE Trans on SP, 1997,Vol.45,No.7
9 Roy R,Paulraj A,Kailath T. ESPRIT-A Subspace Rotation Approach to Estimation of Parameters of Cisoids in Noise. IEEE Trans. Acoust.,Speech, Signal Processing, 1986, 34,1340-1342
10 Roy R, Kailath T. ESPRIT-estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariance Techniques[J].IEEE Trans on ASSP,1989,37(7): 984-995.
11 Li J, Compton R T. Two-dimensional Angle and Polarization Estimation using ESPRIT Algorithm[J].IEEE Trans on AP, 1993,39(9): 1376-1383.
12 周云钟，陈天麒．多信号极化与到达角估计．电子科技大学学报．199625(6)：574-578
13 周云钟，陈天麒．信号的二维到达角和极化估计．电子科学学刊，1998，20(3)：302-307
14 程卫国，冯峰，姚东．MATLAB 5.3应用指南．北京人民邮电出版社，1999
15 Van Der Veen A J, Deprettere E F. Parallel VLSI Matrix Pencil Algorithm for High Resolution Finding[J].IEEE Trans on ASSP, 1991, 39(2): 383-394
16 D. Davis. A Transformation between the Phasing Techniques Required for Linear and Circular aerial arrays. IEE Proceedings, 1965, 112(11): 2041-2045
17 A. H. Tewfik, W. Hong. On the Application of Uniform Linear Array Bearing Estimation Techniques to Uniform Circular Arrays. IEEE Trans. SP, 1992, 40(4): 1008-1011
18 A, H. Tewfik, W Hong. On the Equivalence of Uniform Linear Array and Uniform
Circular Array, Proceedings Fifth IEEE ASSP Workshop on Spectrum Estimation and Modeling, 1990, 139-143
19 C. E. Hickman, H. P. Neff, J. D. Tillman. The Theory of a Single-Ring Circular Antenna Array, Trans. Amer. Inst. Elect. Eng., 1961, 80(1): 110-115
20 L. D. Longstaff, P E. K. Chow, D. E. N. Davis. Directional Properties of Circular Arrays. IEE Proceedings, 1967, 114(6): 713-717
21 T. Rahim, D. Davis. Effect of Directional Elements on the Directional Response of Circular Antenna Arrays. IEE Proceedings, 1982, 129(2): 18-22
22 J. R. F. Guy, D. Davis. UHF Circular Arrays Incorporating Open-loop Null Steering for Communications. IEE Proceedings, 1983, 130(1): 67-77
23 何明浩，尹以新，张贤达．加权子空间拟合相干信源二维波达方向估计．现代雷达．2001，Vol．23，No．1：49-51
24 张毅，黄帮明，程时昕．基于TD-SCDMA无线定位MUSIC算法及其性能的研究．信号处理．2003，Vol．19，No．4：291-294
25 C P Mathens, M D Zoltowski. Eigenstructure Techniques for 2D Angle Estimation with Uniform Circular Arrays. IEEE Trans. SP, 1994, 42(9): 2395-2407
26 Hongyi Wang, K J Ray L iu. 2 D Spatial Smoothing for Multipath Coherent Signal Separation. IEEE Trans. AES, 1998, 34(4): 391-405
27 He Minghao, Yin Yixin, Zhang Xianda. UCA-ESPRIT Algorithm for 2-D Angle Estimation. 2000, ICSP 2000
28 Norman Yuen and Benjamin Friedlander, Asymptotoc Performance Analysis of Esprite, Heighter Order Esprit, and Virtual Esprit Algorithms, Transactions on signal processing, 1996,Vol.44, No. 10
29 M.D.Zoltowski,G.M.Kautz, S.D.Silverstein,Beamspace root-MUSIC,IEEE Trans. on SP, 1993,41 (1), 344-364
30 Li,J., and Stoica p., Efficient Mixed-spectrum Estimation with Application to Target Feature Extraction. IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, 1996, Vol 44: 281～295
31 Li J.,Stoica P., and Zhang D. Angle and Waveform estimation via RELAX. IEEE Trans. on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 1997,Vol.33, No.3: 1077-1087
32 Stoica, P., and Sharman, K.C. Maximum Likelihood Methods for Direction-of-arrival Estimation. IEEE Trans.on ASSP, 38, 1990, 1132-1143
33 Van Veen B D,Buekley K M. Beamforming: A Versatile Approach to Spatial Filtering[J]. IEEE ASSP Magazine, 1988,5(2): 4～24
34 Ma M T. Theory and Applications of Antenna Arrays [M]. New York: Wiley, 1974,73～177
35 朱维杰，孙进才．具有频率不变波束图的非均匀线列宽带基阵设计．数据采集与处理．2003，Vol．18，No．1：78-82
36 Lee T S, Efficient Wideband Source Localization Using Beamforming Invariance Technique [J].IEEE Trans on Signal Processing, 1994,Vol.46: 1376～1387
37 Monzingo R, Miller T. Introduction to Adaptive arrays[M], New York: Wiley and Sons, 1980, 60～64
38 Gabriel W F. AdaptiveProcessing Array System[J], Proc IEEE, 1992,80: 152～162
39 Smith R. Constant Beamwidth Receiving Arrays for Broad Band Sonar Systems[J]. Acoustica, 1970,23: 21～26
40 朱维杰，孙进才．基于DFT插值的宽带波束形成器设计．通信学报．2002，Vol．23 No．8：59-66
41 R. KUMAR, A Fast Algorithm for Solving a Toeplitz System of Equations, IEEE Trans. Acoust., Speech, Signal Processing, 1985,Vol.33, 254-267
42 张翔．一种变步长LMS自适应滤波算法研究．航空计算技术．2004，Vol．34 No．1：9-11
43 何振亚．自适应信号处理．第一版．北京：科学出版社，2002