从个体与异化社会的二元对立到超越对立
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摘要
美国当代著名作家J.D.塞林格以长篇小说《麦田里的守望者》一举成名,对美国及世界文学产生较大的影响。他的其他小说虽然不如《麦田里的守望者》知名,但也有很高的艺术成就和思想价值,在文学研究界却没有得到足够的重视。本文以塞林格的全部已发表小说作品为研究对象,参照东西方相关的文学理论和研究模式,综合运用存在主义哲学、佛禅等东方宗教哲学、西方后现代主义文论、西方戏剧理论、小说理论、现代心理学等研究理论和方法,对塞林格小说进行全面解读和深入探讨,总结塞氏小说的思想内涵与艺术特色,梳理并建构起美国资本主义异化社会中的当代青年形象体系,展示其生存道路和对人生意义的探索;通过具体剖析小说类型和小说精神,以期从中揭示人类总体文明意义上的文学创作、美学维度,辨析小说的进步历史意义和其局限性,确认作品与美国为代表的近代资本主义文明的内在联系,以及在此意义上传达的对异化社会精神特质和现代文明的未来走向等问题的反思性认识。
This thesis bases on all the novel texts of J.D.Sailinger, and absorb theprevious research achievements of the part, from the content, theme, artisticfeatures and ideological culture, all aspects of plug's novels to finish acomprehensive analysis and study, grasp their works ideological change,analyzes the social criticism consciousness of alienation works, and novelsreveal the existential dilemma, and works reflect the development of humancivilization to the ultimate human care, from historical cultural developmentlevel of this appear to the history of the novel necessity and positive sense andlimitations.
     First to Salinger record for creation of the historical and cultural contextgeneral overview, describes his life experiences and creation course, to all ofhis works according to before, during and after the staging period, according tothe division is he to create content and style of the obvious change events:veterans, such as turning point in the life for node, to comb the creation thewhole picture.
     Second characters of Salinger’s novels by summing up and detailedanalysis, is divided into five similar study groups, such as the world he juststepped into the young man; Have a clear recognition of reality of thedisenchanted; Embrace, tender and the soldiers suffered trauma world war ii;To holden as a representative of the rebels series; With glass as arepresentative of the young family wise series, tries to characterization and from what they reflect on the ideology of the novel's theme of Salinger fromindividual and secular opposition beyond opposition rheological course havean overall each of these four and master, will change the structure of theclearly show.
     The third is the philosophy of Salinger’s novels consciousness andaesthetic connotation thoroughly analyzed, this novel is a reflection of theexistential literature of the individual character of performance for livingpredicament, contains the existential philosophies, free choice failure; Tongzhen worship and youth sentimental aesthetic connotation, and the use ofeastern philosophy and Christian mix religious beliefs beyond opposition, forspiritual relief ultimate care consciousness.
     The fourth is to analyze Salinger's postmodernism novel style, before andafter the change of writing style, exploration, the drama of the former middle tolate plot of the novel change external performance and internal cause; Thenovel unique form of expression and its cartoon strategy, and comparativestudy salinger and "collapse generation" in the creation of the background, thetheme and writing the similarities and differences of art.
     The fifth is a summary of the novels of Salinger cultural value andhistorical significance, from his works reflect the alienation of social criticismand poetic survival for the works of the excavation of the progressive andlimitations, see its positive significance and insufficiency.
引文
[1](美)保罗·亚历山大著:《塞林格传》,孙仲旭译,第2~4页,译林出版社2001年9月出版。
    [2]王俊报导:《塞林格与中国》专栏,《深圳特区报》,2010年1月30日出版。[3]这一时期出版的其他重要的书籍和文章包括:James E. Miller, ps J. D. Salinger (1965)—for a series of pamphlets published by the University ofMinnesota; Kenneth Hamilton, ps J. D. Salinger: A Critical Essay (1967)—for a series of pamphlets on contemporary writers; and James Lundwuist, ps J. D. Salinger (1979), etc.[4](美)Sanford Pinsker. The Catcher in the Rye:Innocence Under Pressure第14页. New York:Twayne, 1993.
    [1](美)雷蒙德·莫尔:《新城市:工业时代的城市美国:1860~1920》,第40页;转引自余志森,王春来,王锦瑭,陆甦颖,陈晓著:《美国通史》(第四卷:1898~1929崛起和扩张的年代),刘绪贻,杨生茂主编,第190页,人民出版社出版。
    [3](美)保罗·亚历山大著,孙仲旭译:《塞林格传》,第173页,译林出版社2001年9月出版。
    [1](美)塞缪尔·海斯著:《对工业主义的反应:1885—1914》,芝加哥大学出版社,第23页,1957年出版,转引自余志森,王春来,王锦瑭,陆甦颖,陈晓著:《美国通史》(第四卷:1898~1929崛起和扩张的年代),刘绪贻,杨生茂主编,第190页,人民出版社出版。
    [2]小说原文为:She had a good figure, dressed expensively and in good taste, and was consideredIntelligent. That was the first season when Intelligent was the thing to be.
    [3]小说原文为:Lois and Carl got married in the spring, and less than a month after they weremarried, Carl stopped wearing white socks. He also stopped wearing a winged collar with hisdinner jacket. And he stopped giving people directions to get to Manasquan by avoiding the shoreroute.
    [4]小说原文为:Carl always slept heavily, and never heard Lois cry in her sleep.
    [5]小说原文为:Then finally she made it. And when she did, everybody seemed to know about it.Butchers began to give Lois the best cuts of meat. Cab drivers began to tell her about theirkids' whopping cough. Bertha, the maid, began to clean with a wet cloth instead of a duster.Poor Cookie Benson during her crying jags began to telephone Lois from the Stork Club. Womenin general began to look more closely at Lois' face than at the clothes. Men in theater-boxes,looking down at the women in the audience, began to single out Lois, if for no other reasonthan that they liked the way she put on her glasses.
    [6]小说原文为:During the entire show Mr. Freedlander pressed his leg against Elaine's. She madeno attempt to move her leg away from his. She simply was unaware of the imposed intimacy. Shewas sixteen years old and mature enough physically to like or dislike leg pressure from a manin the dark, but she was totally unqualified to accommodate sex and Mickey Mouse simultaneously.There was room for Mickey; no more.
    [7]小说原文为:Standing up, Elaine was almost instantly involved in a private, terrible panic.She had never been to a beach before, but she had seen hordes of Coney Islanders in newsreelshots taken annually on the Fourth of July or Labor Day, and the occasion of being on a crowdedbeach all day had not estranged her violently from the dimensions of her own world. But now
    [10]小说原文为:In return for all this love and deification, Lida Louise was very, very good withthe Agersburg kids. No matter what they asked her to sing, or how many times they asked herto sing it, she gave them what there was of her smile, said, "Nice tune," and gave.
    [11]小说原文为:"Wait just a min-ute, now. I'm callin' up the resident surgeon…Let go of my coat,please. This is a hospital, sonny." "Don't call him up," Rudford said through his teeth. "Don'tcall up anybody. We're gonna take her to a good hospital. In Memphis." Half-blinded, Rudfordswung crazily around. "C'mon, Peggy."But Peggy stood some ground, for a moment. Shaking violently, she addressed everybody in thereception lobby: "Damn you! Damn you all!"
    [12](美)塞缪尔·莫里森:《牛津美国人民史》第3卷,新美国图书出版公司,纽约,1972年,第109页。转引自《美国通史》(第四卷:1898~1929崛起和扩张的年代),刘绪贻,杨生茂主编,余志森,王春来,王锦瑭,陆甦颖,陈晓著,第221页,人民出版社出版。
    [13](美)J.D.塞林格著:《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第23页,人民文学出版社,2009年出版。
    小说原文为:Ruthie and I, we never really split up. Not really split up. Not that Ruthie'smother wasn't wishing we did.
    [21]Then I started to memorize it backwards, like this: while a wait please baby the see to wantyou If. Like that. Crazy. I was crazy. I still hadn't even took off my hat.
    [22]小说原文为:Ruthie said her mother nearly killed her for coming home to see me. I didn't sayanything. Then Ruthie said something funny:"Mother answered the phone wearing her hair net," Ruthie said. "It got me down. I mean whenI saw her looking so funny in her hair net again. I knew I wouldn't be any good at home anymore.I mean not any good at their home."
    [23]小说原文为:"Wake me when it thunders, Ruthie. Please. It's okay. I mean, wake me when itthunders." That made her cry harder. Funny kid. But she wakes me now, that's what I mean.It's okay with me. I mean it's okay with me. I mean I don't care if it thunders every night.
    [24]小说原文为:"I’m considered dumb," said Barbara slowly. "I am a little dumb. I guess.""Now stop that talk. I mean, stop it. You’re not dumb. You’re - smart. Who said you’redumb? That guy Carl?" Barbara was vague about it. "Oh, not exactly. Girls, more. Girls Iwent to school with and go around with."
    [25]小说原文为:"She has no waist at all," said Mrs. Woodruff and looked gently at Ray. "How perfectit must be for you to be out on a night like this with somebody who has absolutely no waistat all."
    [26]小说原文为:The fragile hour was a carrier of many things, but Barbara was now exclusivelysusceptible to the difficult counterpoint sounding just past the last minutes of her girlhood.
    [27]小说原文为:HELEN'S bedroom was always straightened while she bathed so that when she cameout of the bathroom her dressing table was free of last night's cream jars and soiled tissues,and there were glimpses in her mirror of flat bedspreads and spotted chair cushions. When itwas sunny, as it was now, there were bright warm blotches to bring out the pastels chosen fromthe decorator's little book.She was brushing her thick red hair when Elsie, the maid, came in.
    [28]小说原文为:From her robe pocket she took an emory board and proceeded to apply it to her long,flesh-pink nails……He sat up with a grunt, took a package of cigarettes from his overcoatpocked, stuck them back, then stood up to remove the overcoat. He tossed the heavy thing onHelen's bed, scattering a colony of sunbeams. Helen continued filing her nails. Bobby sat onthe edge of the chaise-lounge, lighted a cigarette, and leaned forward. The sun was on themboth, lushing her milky skin, and doing nothing for Bobby but showing up his dandruff and thepockets under his eyes.
    [29]小说原文为:"Bobby, I love Phil. On my word of honor. I don't want you to think I'm just playingaround. You don't, do you? I mean you don't just think I'm playing around, trying to hurtpeople?" Bobby made no reply."My word of honor, Bob. You don't know Phil. He's really a grand person."
    [30]小说原文为:"You used to be such a swell kid"
    [31]小说原文为:"Hanson?" she said. "This is me. Us. We. You dog."
    [32](美) J.D.塞林格著:《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第136页,人民文学出版社,2009年出版。
    [34](美) J.D.塞林格著:《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第137页,人民文学出版社,2009年出版。
    [40]小说原文为:And Justin Horgenschlag that night stayed home and listened to the Lux Toilet Soapradio play. He thought about Shirley all night, all the next day, and very often during thatmonth. Then all of a sudden he was introduced to Doris Hillman who was beginning to be afraidshe wasn't going to get a husband. And then before Justin Horgenschlag knew it, Doris Hillmanand things were filing away Shirley Lester in the back of his mind. And Shirley Lester, thethought of her, was no longer available.
    [41]小说原文为:I was there on the fatal night their music publisher and friend, Teddy Barto, gavethem the handsomest, most ostentatious party of the crazy Twenties. It was in celebration oftheir fifth year of collaboration and success. The Varioni Brothers' mansion was stuffed withthe best shirts of the day. And the most beautiful, most talked about or against, women. Themost supercolossal blackest colored boy I have ever seen stood at the front door with a silverplate the size of a manhole cover into which dropped the invitation cards of our then favoriteactors, actresses, writers, producers, dancers, men and ladies about town.
    [42]小说原文为:"He finished it. He finished it that time you went to California with your father.I never let him put it together."
    [43]小说原文为:Professor Voorhees accepted the responsibility of making further comment. He leanedforward over his desk. "It will be a tremendous job," he told Sonny."Yes.""Why do you want to undertake it?""Because I hear the music for the first time in my life when I read his book."
    [44]小说原文为:who since eight o'clock had been sitting in the big red chair, smoking cigarettesand yodeling hellos and wearing a very bright eye which young men were not bothering to catch.
    [45]小说原文为:I really oughtta be getting' home. I got this theme for Monday I'm supposed todo. I wasn't really gonna come home this week-end.""Oh, but the party's young!" Edna said. "The shank of the evening!"
    [51](美) J.D.塞林格著:《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第49页,人民文学出版社,2009年出版。
    [55]《美国通史》(第四卷:1929~1945富兰克林·D·罗斯福时代),刘绪贻,杨生茂主编,刘绪贻,李存训著,第369页,人民出版社出版。
    [56](美) J.D.塞林格著:《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第62-63页,人民文学出版社,2009年出版。
    [57](美) J.D.塞林格著:《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第152页,人民文学出版社,2009年出版。
    [69](美)查默斯·约翰逊著:《帝国的悲哀:黩武主义、保密与共和国的终结》,任晓,张耀,薛晨译,第56页,上海人民出版社,2005年6月出版
    [70](美)玛格丽特·塞林格著:《梦幻守望者:我的父亲——塞林格》,潘晓松,刘晓杰译,第40~41页,北京出版社出版集团,北京十月文艺出版社,2005年10月出版。
    [83]小说原文为:"When I take my hand out of this blanket," he thought, "my nail will be grown back,my hands will be clean. My body will be clean. I'll have on clean shorts, clean undershirt,a white shirt. A blue polka-dot tie. A gray suit with a stripe, and I'll be home, and I'llbolt the door. I'll put some coffee on the stove, some records on the phonograph, and I'llbolt the door. I'll read my books and I'll drink coffee and I'll listen to music, and I'llbolt the door. I'll open the window, I'll let in a nice, quiet girl--not Frances, not anyoneI've ever known--and I'll bolt the door. I'll ask her to read some Emily Dickinson to me--thatone abut being chartless--and I'll ask her to read some William Blake to me--that one aboutthe little lamb that made thee--and I'll bolt the door. She'll have an American voice, andshe won't ask me if I have any chewing gum or bonbons, and I'll bolt the door."
    [84]引自阿姆布罗斯《公民士兵》,第147页,转引自(美)玛格丽特·塞林格著:《梦幻守望者:我的父亲——塞林格》,潘晓松,刘晓杰译,第57页,北京出版社出版集团,北京十月文艺出版社,2005年10月出版。
    [89](美)玛格丽特·塞林格著:《梦幻守望者:我的父亲——塞林格》,潘晓松,刘晓杰译,第54页,北京出版社出版集团,北京十月文艺出版社,2005年10月出版。
    [90]《为埃斯米而作——既有爱也有污秽凄苦》此段引文及论文中下列引文见:(美) J.D.塞林格著:《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,99-129页,人民文学出版社,2009年出版。
    [91](美)Jerry M·Burger著:《人格心理学》,陈会昌等译,第312页,中国轻工业出版社,2000年10月出版。
    [92](美)查默斯·约翰逊著:《帝国的悲哀:黩武主义、保密与共和国的终结》,任晓,张耀,薛晨译,第56页,上海人民出版社,2005年6月出版
    [93]小说原文为:My father informed me quietly that my formal education was formally over.
    [103]虞建华著:《20部美国小说名著评析》,第268页,上海外语教育出版社,1989年4月出版。
    [104](美)Jerry M·Burger著:《人格心理学》,陈会昌等译,第93页,中国轻工业出版社,2000年10月出版。
    [107](美) J.D.塞林格著:《麦田里的守望者》,施咸荣译,第6页时代文艺出版社,2007年3月出版。
    [109](美)Jerry M·Burger著:《人格心理学》,陈会昌等译,第95页,中国轻工业出版社,2000年10月出版。
    [110](美) J.D.塞林格著:《麦田里的守望者》,施咸荣译,第170页时代文艺出版社,2007年3月出版。
    刘绪贻,韩铁,李存训著:《美国通史》(第六卷:1945~2000战后美国史),刘绪贻,杨生茂主编,第306页,人民出版社出版。
    [118](美) J.D.塞林格著:《祖伊》,《弗兰妮与祖伊》,丁骏译,第46页,人民文学出版社,2007年9月出版。
    [119](美) J.D.塞林格著:《西摩:小传》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第99页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [120](美) J.D.塞林格著:《西摩:小传》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第91页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [121](美) J.D.塞林格著:《西摩:小传》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第97页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [122](美) J.D.塞林格著:《抬高房梁,木匠们》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第61页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [123](美) J.D.塞林格著:《逮香蕉鱼的最佳日子》,《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第3页,人民文学出版社,2009年5月出版。
    [124](日)松尾芭蕉等著:《日本古典俳句选》,林林译,第145页,湖南人民出版社,1983年12月出版。
    [126](美) J.D.塞林格著:《抬高房梁,木匠们》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,第4页,丁骏译,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [127](美) J.D.塞林格著:《西摩:小传》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,第177页,丁骏译,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [130](美) J.D.塞林格著:《抬高房梁,木匠们》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,第59页,丁骏译,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [131](印度)帕拉马汉萨·约加南达:《一个瑜伽信徒的自传》,转引自(美)玛格丽特·塞林格著:《梦幻守望者:我的父亲——塞林格》,潘晓松,刘晓杰译,第75~77页,北京出版社出版集团,北京十月文艺出版社,2005年10月出版。
    [132](美) J.D.塞林格著:《抬高房梁,木匠们》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第64~65页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [133](美) J.D.塞林格著:《逮香蕉鱼的最佳日子》,《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第5页,人民文学出版社,2009年5月出版。
    [135](美) J.D.塞林格著:《特迪》,《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第220页,人民文学出版社,2009年5月出版。
    (美) J.D.塞林格著:《西摩:小传》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第108页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [138](美) J.D.塞林格著:《特迪》,《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第218页,人民文学出版社,2009年5月出版。
    [139](美) J.D.塞林格著:《抬高房梁,木匠们》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第65~66页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [140](美) J.D.塞林格著:《弗兰妮》,《弗兰妮与祖伊》,丁骏译,人民文学出版社,第22页,2007年9月出版。
    [141](美) J.D.塞林格著:《祖伊》,《弗兰妮与祖伊》,丁骏译,人民文学出版社,第60页,2007年9月出版。
    [142](美) J.D.塞林格著:《祖伊》,《弗兰妮与祖伊》,丁骏译,人民文学出版社,第174~175页,2007年9月出版。
    [143]《金刚经六祖坛经》,第151页,中国社会科学出版社,2003年7月出版。
    [144](美) J.D.塞林格著:《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第159页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [145]中译本原注:此句引自古希腊女诗人萨福,是其残存诗篇中的第111篇。阿瑞斯,希腊神话中的战神。
    [146](美) J.D.塞林格著:《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第55页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [147]中译本原注:“开克”(Kike),美俚语,是对犹太人的贬称。(美) J.D.塞林格著:《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第96页,人民文学出版社,2009年5月出版。
    [148](美) J.D.塞林格著:《西摩:小传》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第145页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [149]原译本注:威格利大叔是美国作家H.R.Garis所写的儿童读物中的一个中心人物。“大叔”原文“Uncle”与“脚腕”原文“ankle”发音相近。“威格利”原文“Wigglly”又与“扭动”原文“Wriggle”音相近,故而好笑。(美) J.D.塞林格著:《威格利大叔在康涅狄格州》,《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第33页,人民文学出版社,2009年5月出版。
    [150]中译本注:W.C.菲尔兹(1880~1946),美国著名喜剧演员。(美) J.D.塞林格著:《西摩:小传》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第126页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [151](美) J.D.塞林格著:《西摩:小传》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第126页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [1](德)卡尔·马克思:《1844年经济学——哲学手稿》,刘丕坤译,第44页,人民出版社,1979年出版。
    [2](英)F·科普斯顿:《现代哲学》,第203页,伦敦1956年版。
    [3](美)理查德·塔纳斯著:《西方思想史》,吴象婴,晏可佳,张广勇译,第426页,上海社会科学院出版社,2007年6月出版。
    [4]柳鸣九著:《萨特研究》,第484页,中国社会科学出版社,1981年出版。
    [5](美) J.D.塞林格著:《弗兰妮与祖伊》,丁骏译,第104页,人民文学出版社,2007年9月出版。
    [6](德)马丁·海德格尔著:《存在与时间》,陈嘉映,王庆节译,第213页,生活·读书·新知三联书店,1987年12月出版。
    [10](德)马丁·海德格尔著:《存在与时间》陈嘉映,王庆节译,第216页,生活·读书·新知三联书店,1987年12月出版。
    [12](德)马丁·海德格尔著:《存在与时间》陈嘉映,王庆节译,第216页,生活·读书·新知三联书店,1987年12月出版。
    [13]转引自文聘元著:《现代西方哲学的故事》,第648页,百花文艺出版社,2005年7月出版。
    [15]转引自:(美)J·洛斯奈著:《精神分析入门》,郑泰安译,第20页,社会科学文献出版社,1987年3月出版。
    [16](法)萨特著:《存在与虚无》,陈宣良等译,第548~549页,生活·读书·新知三联书店,1997年7月出版。
    [19](德)马丁·海德格尔著:《存在与时间》陈嘉映,王庆节译,第157页,生活·读书·新知三联书店,1987年12月出版。
    [20](丹麦)索伦·克尔凯郭尔等著:《悲剧——秋天的神话》,程朝翔,傅正明等译,第2页,中国戏剧出版社,1992年7月出版。
    [22](法)萨特著:《存在与虚无》,陈宣良等译,第602页,生活·读书·新知三联书店,1997年7月出版。
    [23](法)萨特著:《存在与虚无》,陈宣良等译,第688页,生活·读书·新知三联书店,1997年7月出版。
    [24](德)马丁·海德格尔著:《存在与时间》陈嘉映,王庆节译,第354页,生活·读书·新知三联书店,1987年12月出版。
    [25](法)列斐伏尔著:《再谈异化理论》,《异化问题》(下册),第222~223页,文化艺术出版社,1986年出版。
    [26](丹麦)索伦·克尔凯郭尔等著:《悲剧——秋天的神话》,程朝翔,傅正明等译,第5页,中国戏剧出版社,1992年7月出版。
    [27](美)保罗·亚历山大著:《塞林格传》,孙仲旭译,第90页,译林出版社2001年9月出版。
    [28]“恋童癖”(paedophilla或pedephilia或pedophilia)是以儿童为对象获得性满足的一种性变态。此种性变态行为的患者以男性多见,女性极为罕见。受害者为女孩或男孩,年龄多在10-17岁之间,也有小至3岁以下的。学术上,它产生于19世纪末,但在西方公众话语中的出现,则基本上是从上世纪70年代末才开始的。以上定义内容引自《中国性科学百科全书》,第372页,中国大百科全书出版社,1998年6月出版。
    [29](美)玛格丽特·塞林格著:《梦幻守望者:我的父亲——塞林格》,潘晓松,刘晓杰译,第280页,北京出版社出版集团,北京十月文艺出版社,2005年10月出版。
    [30](美)乔伊斯·梅纳德著:《我曾是塞林格的情人》,袁凤珠,郭莉芳译,第216页,南京:译林出版社,2001年12月出版。
    (美)玛格丽特·塞林格著:《梦幻守望者:我的父亲——塞林格》,潘晓松,刘晓杰译,第217页,北京出版社出版集团,北京十月文艺出版社,2005年10月出版。
    [35](德)马丁·海德格尔著:《存在与时间》陈嘉映,王庆节译,见第53页的页下注,生活·读书·新知三联书店,1987年12月出版。
    [36]方向红:《海德格尔的“本真的历史性”是本真的吗?——海德格尔早期时间现象学研究献疑》,《江苏社会科学》,江苏省哲学社会科学界联合会主办,2011年02期。
    [37]李贽:《童心说》,《焚书·续焚书》,第97页,岳麓书社,1990年版。
    [38]丰子恺:《给我的孩子们》,《丰子恺文集》(第五卷),浙江文艺出版社1992年6月版,第253-256页。
    [39]丰子恺:《儿女》,《丰子恺文集》(第五卷),浙江文艺出版社1992年6月版,第112-116页。
    [40]小说原文为:"You've been so sweet to Mattie," his mother remarked thoughtfully."Good kid," Babe said.
    [41]小说原文为:Mattie was under the table, untying Vincent's shoes. He was holding his feet still,letting her, pretending not to notice.……Mattie suddenly came up from under the table,wriggled onto her chair, in cahoots with herself. Vincent moved his feet, looking at heraccusingly. The laces of one shoe were tied to the laces of the other.
    [42]小说原文为:And then we came out of the building and there was Holden, with Hart and KirkyMorris. He had my terry-cloth shirt on. No coat. He came over and asked Phoebe for her autographand she socked him in the stomach, happy to see him, happy he was her brother.
    [43](美) J.D.塞林格著:《为埃斯米而作——既有爱也有污秽凄苦》,《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第116页,人民文学出版社,2009年5月出版。
    [44](美) J.D.塞林格著:《逮香蕉鱼的最佳日子》,《《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第13~14页,人民文学出版社,2009年5月出版。
    [46]朱自强:《儿童文学的本质》,第199页,少年儿童出版社1997年11月版,第199-201。
    [47](美) J.D.塞林格著:《抬高房梁,木匠们》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第8页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [48]小说原文为:The other kids, the rest of the Wuthering Heights crowd, stared. Babe thought,This is for me. I'm happier than I've ever been in my life. This is better than my books,this is better than Frances, this is better and bigger than myself.
    [49]小说原文为:"I'll go down Spring with you, Babe. Honest. I'll go down Spring with you," Mattiesaid anxiously."I know that," said her brother. "I know that." I'm happier than I ever was, he thought."C'mon," he said. "Randolph is just as good. Better." He took her hand.
    [50]小说原文为:But this is where Mattie is sleeping. No enemy is banging on our door, waking herup, frightening her. But it could happen if I don't go out and meet him with my gun. And Iwill, and I'll kill him.
    [51](美) J.D.塞林格著:《逮香蕉鱼的最佳日子》,《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第19页,人民文学出版社,2009年5月出版
    [52](美) J.D.塞林格著:《麦田里的守望者》,施咸荣译,第198页,时代文艺出版社,2007年3月出版。
    [53]周忠和编译:《俄苏作家论儿童文学》,第4页,河南少年儿童出版社,1983年4月出版。
    [54]《哈普沃兹16,1924》所引中译引文均采用杨向荣先生的译文。杨向荣(1978~),湖南长沙宁乡人。现为湘潭大学文学与新闻学院副教授,文艺学硕士学位点负责人,传播学硕士生导师,中文系副主任,湖南省普通高校青年骨干教师,湘潭大学社科联青年工作委员会委员。主要研究方向为文艺学、文化社会学、西方美学与艺术。
    [55](英)E.M.福斯特著:《小说面面观》,朱乃长译,引文见第323,369页,中国对外翻译出版公司,2001年12月出版。
    [56](美) J.D.塞林格著:《麦田里的守望者》,施咸荣译,第121~122页,时代文艺出版社,2007年3月出版。
    [57]文聘元著:《现代西方哲学的故事》,上册,第37页,百花文艺出版社,2005年7月出版。
    [58]丰子恺:《给我的孩子们》,《丰子恺文集》(第五卷),浙江文艺出版社1992年6月版,第253页。
    [59]小说原文为:"Mattie," he said silently to no one in the room, "You're a little girl. But nobodystays a little girl or a little boy long - take me, for instance. All of a sudden little girlswear lipstick, all of a sudden little boys shave and smoke. So it's a quick business, beinga kid. Today you're ten years old, running to meet me in the snow, ready, so ready, to coastdown Spring Street with me; tomorrow you'll be twenty, with guys sitting in the living roomwaiting to take you out.
    [60]小说原文为:But if you can't be smart and a swell girl, too, then I don't want to see yougrow up.
    [61]小说原文为:Sitting on a beauty, a story above the ground, they talked about the things thatcounted: the smell of gasoline, Robert Hermanson's ear, Alice Caldwell's teeth, rocks thatwere all right to throw at somebody, Milton Sills, how to make cigarette smoke come out yournose,men and ladies who had bad breath, the best size knife to kill somebody with.They exchanged ambitions. Peggy decided that when she grew up she would be a war nurse. Alsoa movie actress. Also a piano player. Also a crook--one that swiped a lot of diamonds and stuff,but gave some of it to poor people; very poor people. Rudford racer--he already had a prettygood pair of goggles.
    [62]小说原文为:he almost never played the record for anybody in 1942. It was terribly scratchynow. It didn't even sound like Lida Louise anymore.
    [63](美) J.D.塞林格著:《笑面人》,《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第65~82页,人民文学出版社,2009年5月出版。
    [64]柳田圣山:《禅与日本人的审美意识》,中国社会科学院主办,《哲学译丛》1988年05期。
    [65]丰子恺:《“艺术的逃难”》,《丰子恺文集》(第六卷),第174页,浙江文艺出版社1992年6月出版。
    [66](美)玛格丽特·塞林格著:《梦幻守望者:我的父亲——塞林格》,潘晓松,刘晓杰译,第27~28页,北京出版社出版集团,北京十月文艺出版社,2005年10月出版。
    [69](美)J.D.塞林格著:《西摩:小传》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第182页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [70](美)理查德·塔纳斯著:《西方思想史》,吴象婴,晏可佳,张广勇译,第100~188页,上海社会科学院出版社,2007年6月出版。
    [71]巫白慧著:《印度哲学——吠陀经探义和奥义书解析》,第1~12页,北京:东方出版社,2000年12月出版。
    [72]麻天祥著:《禅宗文化大学讲稿》,第8~11页,中国人民大学出版社,2007年8月出版。
    [76](法)马蒂厄·理查德和让-弗朗索瓦·勒维尔:《和尚与哲学家》(Le Moine et le phi2 losophe) ,第143页,巴黎,尼尔出版社,1997出版,转引自(法)弗里德里克·勒努瓦:《佛教在西方的接受》,陆象淦译,《第欧根尼》,2002年第02期,国际哲学人文科学理事会主办(会刊DIOGENES的中文选刊)。
    [77](美) J.D.塞林格著:《麦田里的守望者》,施咸荣译,第212页,时代文艺出版社,2007年3月出版。
    [78]《六祖坛经》,《金刚经六祖坛经》,第179页,中国社会科学出版社,2003年7月出版。
    [80](美) J.D.塞林格著:《西摩:小传》,《抬高房梁,木匠们;西摩:小传》,丁骏译,第186页,人民文学出版社,2009年1月出版。
    [81]铃木大拙著:《禅者的思索》,未也译,第19页,中国青年出版社,1989年10月出版。
    [82](美) J.D.塞林格著:《祖伊》,《弗兰妮与祖伊》,丁骏译,第60页,人民文学出版社,2007年9月出版。
    [83]同上注,第143页。
    [84](美) J.D.塞林格著:《祖伊》,《弗兰妮与祖伊》,丁骏译,第149页,人民文学出版社,2007年9月出
    版。
    [85](法)弗里德里克·勒努瓦:《佛教在西方的接受》,陆象淦译,《第欧根尼》,2002年第02期,国际哲学人文科学理事会主办(会刊DIOGENES的中文选刊)。
    [86]《六祖坛经》,《金刚经六祖坛经》,第169页,中国社会科学出版社,2003年7月出版。
    [87](日)阿部正雄著:《禅与西方思想》,王雷泉,张如伦译,第297页,上海译文出版社,1989年2月出版。
    [1]William V Spanos :《Repetitions : the postmodern occasion in literatureand culture》,P244,Louisiana State University Press,1987.
    [2](法)让-弗朗索瓦·利奥塔德:《后现代状况》,岛子译,第211页,湖南美术出版社1996年版。
    [3]伍蠡甫,胡经之主编:《西方文艺理论名著选编》(下),第318页,北京大学出版社,1996年5月出版。
    [4]同上注,第64~65页。
    [5]梁思成,林徽因著:《梁思成、林徽因讲建筑》,第309,343页,湖南大学出版社,2009年10月出版。
    [6](美) J.D.塞林格著:《笑面人》,《九故事》,李文俊,何上峰译,第82页,人民文学出版社,2009年5月出版。
    [7]张首映著:《西方二十世纪文论史》,第471页,北京大学出版社,2003年5月出版。
    [8]意识流,就是生命直觉之流,是生命意识之流的文学化,是以内心独白为主体的现代主义文学的一种重要创作方式。意识流小说较为充分体现了生命体验和运动。见张首映著:《西方二十世纪文论史》,第84页,北京大学出版社,2003年5月出版。
    [9]胡全生:《情节之概念与后现代主义小说中的情节》,载《外国语》, 1998年第5期,上海外国语大学主办。
    [10]胡全生:《读者在后现代主义小说中的作用》,载《外国文学研究》, 1999年第1期,华中师范大学主办。
    [11]张首映著:《西方二十世纪文论史》,第86页,北京大学出版社,2003年5月出版。
    [12](加)弗莱著:《批评的解剖》,陈慧、袁宪军、吴伟仁译,第158~160页,百花文艺出版社,1998年11月出版。
    [13](美) J.D.塞林格著:《麦田里的守望者》,施咸荣译,第173~174页,时代文艺出版社,2007年3月出版。
    [14](法)阿尔贝·加缪著:《西绪福斯神话》,《加缪文集》,郭宏安,袁莉,周小珊,顾方济,徐志仁译,第707页,译林出版社,1999年出版。译本中译为“西绪弗斯”,本论文采用“西西弗斯”音译。
    [17]圣严法师著:《公案·话头》,第13~16页,华夏出版社,2011年2月出版。圣严法师(1930~),江苏南通人,现任农禅寺与纽约东初禅寺住持,是国际知名的禅师,著有中、英、日文著作百余种。
    [18]铃木大拙著:《禅风禅骨》,耿仁秋译,第102页,中国青年出版社,1989年10月出版。
    [19](英)罗杰·福勒著:《语言学与小说》,於宁,徐平,昌切译,重庆出版社,1991年1月出版。
    [20](法)兹韦坦·托多罗夫:《叙事作为话语》,伍蠡甫,胡经之主编:《西方文艺理论名著选编》(下),第506~507页,北京大学出版社,1996年5月出版。
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