荒谬与反抗：对《在路上》的哲学解读
摘要
杰克·凯鲁亚克的小说《在路上》是“跨掉的一代”的经典作品。它主要讲述的是两个年轻人,萨尔·帕拉迪斯和迪安·莫里亚蒂穿越美国东、西部,甚至到墨西哥远游的故事。他们用看似疯狂的行为进行反抗。这部小说对美国的价值观和生活方式都产生了很大的影响。
本论文试图从加谬的“荒谬”、“反抗”和“价值创造”等哲学概念对小说进行解读。论文主体共有五部分。除第一章引言和最后结论之外,中间三章依次论述了小说主人公遇见荒谬,反抗荒谬和在反抗中创造价值。
引言部分简要的介绍了“垮掉的一代”,《在路上》及其文学评论;引出加谬及其主要的哲学观点;并交待论文写作的目的和意义。
第二章以荒谬为起点论述主人公在面对死亡、自我和社会所意识到的荒谬。荒谬无处不在,一旦意识到了荒谬,就无法摆脱。主人公在意识到荒谬之后,开始了在路上的反抗。
第三章阐述了主人公对荒谬的反抗。反抗就是成为荒谬的人。荒谬的人不承认先验道德,他们敢于说不,穷尽生活。小说主人公背弃资产阶级的价值观,蔑视权威,认同亚文化。他们用各种方式——在路上的生活、性、毒品、高速驾驶,来穷尽生活。这是荒谬人的反抗。
第四章阐明反抗背后的价值。他们的反抗是对自我和人类价值的追求、创造和承担。反抗意识的觉醒,是抗议,是对个人价值的确认。反抗的价值不仅限于个人,也为所有的人、为整个人类创造了价值。《在路上》的追寻首先是对自身价值的肯定,也带动一代人对价值的追寻。
在对小说的步步阐述中,结论再次阐释小说中蕴含着加谬的哲学思想:荒谬——反抗——价值创造。
On the Road by Jack Kerouac is a story of two young men, Sal Paradise and Dean Moriarty. They rebel against the conventions with their seemingly crazy behaviors. The novel is a Beat classic and has great influence on the values and life styles in America.
The thesis tries to analyze this novel from Camus’s philosophical concept of“absurd”“revolt”and the“creation of values”. Besides chapter 1 the Introduction, and Conclusion, this thesis includes three chapters, expounding the absurd heroes’journey form confronting the absurd, revolting against the absurd to creating values.
The Introduction gives a brief introduction to BG, Jack Kerouac, and On the Road; has a short literature review of the study of this novel abroad and in China. What follow are the presentation of Camus’s philosophy and the purpose and the significance of this study.
Chapter two analyses the absurdity after explicating the concept of Camus’s absurd. The protagonists meet absurdity fro-m death, self and society. Confronting absurd is the starting point of the search. Knowing the absurdity of existence, the absurd heroes begin their revolt on the road.
Chapter three discusses how the absurd heroes revolt against the absurd. From Camus, absurd man has no prigiven rules, daring to say no and trying to live life to its full. The absurd heroes in On the Road deny the prevailing middle-class value and authority. They expand their life experiences with sex, drug addiction and fast driving. Besides, they strive to get identical recognition by joining the subculture.
Chapter four explores the values behind the revolt. First, the values for selves are their searching for identity, freedom and authentic living. And then there is value for the whole human humanity. Their stories show that choosing to revolt and finding true self, living authentically is possible and necessary.
Based on the above analysis, the author draws the conclusion that the absurd heroes meet absurd in existence. They try to revolt, shoulder the responsibility of being a man and at last create values for selves and the whole human being.
本论文试图从加谬的“荒谬”、“反抗”和“价值创造”等哲学概念对小说进行解读。论文主体共有五部分。除第一章引言和最后结论之外,中间三章依次论述了小说主人公遇见荒谬,反抗荒谬和在反抗中创造价值。
引言部分简要的介绍了“垮掉的一代”,《在路上》及其文学评论;引出加谬及其主要的哲学观点;并交待论文写作的目的和意义。
第二章以荒谬为起点论述主人公在面对死亡、自我和社会所意识到的荒谬。荒谬无处不在,一旦意识到了荒谬,就无法摆脱。主人公在意识到荒谬之后,开始了在路上的反抗。
第三章阐述了主人公对荒谬的反抗。反抗就是成为荒谬的人。荒谬的人不承认先验道德,他们敢于说不,穷尽生活。小说主人公背弃资产阶级的价值观,蔑视权威,认同亚文化。他们用各种方式——在路上的生活、性、毒品、高速驾驶,来穷尽生活。这是荒谬人的反抗。
第四章阐明反抗背后的价值。他们的反抗是对自我和人类价值的追求、创造和承担。反抗意识的觉醒,是抗议,是对个人价值的确认。反抗的价值不仅限于个人,也为所有的人、为整个人类创造了价值。《在路上》的追寻首先是对自身价值的肯定,也带动一代人对价值的追寻。
在对小说的步步阐述中,结论再次阐释小说中蕴含着加谬的哲学思想:荒谬——反抗——价值创造。
On the Road by Jack Kerouac is a story of two young men, Sal Paradise and Dean Moriarty. They rebel against the conventions with their seemingly crazy behaviors. The novel is a Beat classic and has great influence on the values and life styles in America.
The thesis tries to analyze this novel from Camus’s philosophical concept of“absurd”“revolt”and the“creation of values”. Besides chapter 1 the Introduction, and Conclusion, this thesis includes three chapters, expounding the absurd heroes’journey form confronting the absurd, revolting against the absurd to creating values.
The Introduction gives a brief introduction to BG, Jack Kerouac, and On the Road; has a short literature review of the study of this novel abroad and in China. What follow are the presentation of Camus’s philosophy and the purpose and the significance of this study.
Chapter two analyses the absurdity after explicating the concept of Camus’s absurd. The protagonists meet absurdity fro-m death, self and society. Confronting absurd is the starting point of the search. Knowing the absurdity of existence, the absurd heroes begin their revolt on the road.
Chapter three discusses how the absurd heroes revolt against the absurd. From Camus, absurd man has no prigiven rules, daring to say no and trying to live life to its full. The absurd heroes in On the Road deny the prevailing middle-class value and authority. They expand their life experiences with sex, drug addiction and fast driving. Besides, they strive to get identical recognition by joining the subculture.
Chapter four explores the values behind the revolt. First, the values for selves are their searching for identity, freedom and authentic living. And then there is value for the whole human humanity. Their stories show that choosing to revolt and finding true self, living authentically is possible and necessary.
Based on the above analysis, the author draws the conclusion that the absurd heroes meet absurd in existence. They try to revolt, shoulder the responsibility of being a man and at last create values for selves and the whole human being.
引文
Ambum, Ellis.Subterranean Kerouac:The Hidden Life of jack Kerouac. NewYork: St.Marins,1998.
Braunstein, Peter &Koyle, Michael William. 2002. Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of The 196os and‘70s. New York; Routledge.
Cassady, Carolyn. Off the Road: My Years with Cassady, Kerouac, and Ginsburg. New York: Morrow,1990.
Camus, Albert. The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays. New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1955.
Ellison, Ralph. The Charlie Christian Story. Shadow and Act. London: Secker and Warburg, 1967. 233–40
Frith, Simon. Performing Rites: On the Value of Popular Music. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1996.
Foster, Edward. Understanding the Beats.Columbia:Universityof South Carolina Press,1992.
Geralk Nicosia. Memory Babe: A Critical Biography of Jack Kerouac.Berkeley CA: U of California P, 1983
Holmes, John Clellon. This is the Beat Generation. New York Times Magazine 16 Nov., 1958.
Hunt, Tim.Kerouac’s Crooked Road: Development of a Fiction. Connecticut: The University of Arkansas Press, 1988.
Kerouac, Jack. On the Road. New York: Viking Penguin,1958.
Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums.. New York: Signet,1959.
Larders, John. The Bop Apocalypse. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2001:110.
Millstein, Gilbert. Review of On the Road, by Jack Kerouac. New York Times Magazine, 5Sep., 1957.
Podhoretz, Norman. The Know-Nothing Bohemians. Partisan Review 25, 1958.
Rexroth, Kenneth. Books of the Times. New York Times Book Review. November 29, 1959.
Swartz, Omar. The View from On the Road: The Rhetorical Vision of Jack Kerouac. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999.
Swartz, Omar. 1999. The View from On the Road: The Rhetorical Vision of Jack Kerouac. Southern Illinois University Press.
Theado, Matt. Understanding Jack Kerouac.Columbia:University of South Carolina Press,2000.
Tytell, John. The Broken Circuit. On the Road: Text and Criticism. Ed. Scott Donaldson. New York: Viking, 1979.
Vopat, Carole Gottlieb. A Re-Evaluation of on the Road. On the Road: Text and Criticism. Ed. Scott Donaldson. New York: Viking,1979.
Weinreich, Regina. The Spontaneous Poetics of Jack Kerouac: A Study of the Fiction. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1987.
Weinreich, Regina. The Spontaneous Poetics of Jack Kerouac.Carbondale:Southern IllinoisUniversity,1987.
William, Horton Rod. Backgrounde of American Literaly Thought..NewJersey: Eaglewood Cliffs,1991.
阿尔贝·加缪:《西西弗的神话—加缪荒谬与反抗论集》,杜小真译,天津:天津人民出版社,2007。
阿尔贝·加缪:《置身于苦难与阳光之间》,杜小真,顾喜琛译,上海:上海三联书店,2007。
冯俊:《当代法国伦理思想》,上海:同济大学出版社,2007。
杰克·凯鲁亚克:《在路上》,王永年译,上海,上海译文出版社,2006。
杰克·凯鲁亚克:《达摩流浪者》,梁永安译,上海,上海译文出版社,2008。
袁澍涓徐崇温:《卡缪的荒谬哲学》,沈阳,辽宁人民出版社,1989。
李斯:《垮掉的一代》,海南:海南出版社,1996。
迈克尔·J·迪特曼:《“垮掉的一代”文学名著》,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007。
文楚安:《“垮掉的一代”及其他》,江西:江西教育出版社,2010。
肖明翰,《垮掉的一代的反叛与探索》,外国文学评论,2000
张国庆:《“垮掉的一代”与中国当代文学》,武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006。
Braunstein, Peter &Koyle, Michael William. 2002. Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of The 196os and‘70s. New York; Routledge.
Cassady, Carolyn. Off the Road: My Years with Cassady, Kerouac, and Ginsburg. New York: Morrow,1990.
Camus, Albert. The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays. New York:Alfred A. Knopf,1955.
Ellison, Ralph. The Charlie Christian Story. Shadow and Act. London: Secker and Warburg, 1967. 233–40
Frith, Simon. Performing Rites: On the Value of Popular Music. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1996.
Foster, Edward. Understanding the Beats.Columbia:Universityof South Carolina Press,1992.
Geralk Nicosia. Memory Babe: A Critical Biography of Jack Kerouac.Berkeley CA: U of California P, 1983
Holmes, John Clellon. This is the Beat Generation. New York Times Magazine 16 Nov., 1958.
Hunt, Tim.Kerouac’s Crooked Road: Development of a Fiction. Connecticut: The University of Arkansas Press, 1988.
Kerouac, Jack. On the Road. New York: Viking Penguin,1958.
Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums.. New York: Signet,1959.
Larders, John. The Bop Apocalypse. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2001:110.
Millstein, Gilbert. Review of On the Road, by Jack Kerouac. New York Times Magazine, 5Sep., 1957.
Podhoretz, Norman. The Know-Nothing Bohemians. Partisan Review 25, 1958.
Rexroth, Kenneth. Books of the Times. New York Times Book Review. November 29, 1959.
Swartz, Omar. The View from On the Road: The Rhetorical Vision of Jack Kerouac. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1999.
Swartz, Omar. 1999. The View from On the Road: The Rhetorical Vision of Jack Kerouac. Southern Illinois University Press.
Theado, Matt. Understanding Jack Kerouac.Columbia:University of South Carolina Press,2000.
Tytell, John. The Broken Circuit. On the Road: Text and Criticism. Ed. Scott Donaldson. New York: Viking, 1979.
Vopat, Carole Gottlieb. A Re-Evaluation of on the Road. On the Road: Text and Criticism. Ed. Scott Donaldson. New York: Viking,1979.
Weinreich, Regina. The Spontaneous Poetics of Jack Kerouac: A Study of the Fiction. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1987.
Weinreich, Regina. The Spontaneous Poetics of Jack Kerouac.Carbondale:Southern IllinoisUniversity,1987.
William, Horton Rod. Backgrounde of American Literaly Thought..NewJersey: Eaglewood Cliffs,1991.
阿尔贝·加缪:《西西弗的神话—加缪荒谬与反抗论集》,杜小真译,天津:天津人民出版社,2007。
阿尔贝·加缪:《置身于苦难与阳光之间》,杜小真,顾喜琛译,上海:上海三联书店,2007。
冯俊:《当代法国伦理思想》,上海:同济大学出版社,2007。
杰克·凯鲁亚克:《在路上》,王永年译,上海,上海译文出版社,2006。
杰克·凯鲁亚克:《达摩流浪者》,梁永安译,上海,上海译文出版社,2008。
袁澍涓徐崇温:《卡缪的荒谬哲学》,沈阳,辽宁人民出版社,1989。
李斯:《垮掉的一代》,海南:海南出版社,1996。
迈克尔·J·迪特曼:《“垮掉的一代”文学名著》,北京:中国人民大学出版社,2007。
文楚安:《“垮掉的一代”及其他》,江西:江西教育出版社,2010。
肖明翰,《垮掉的一代的反叛与探索》,外国文学评论,2000
张国庆:《“垮掉的一代”与中国当代文学》,武汉:武汉大学出版社,2006。