青县景观格局分析与优化
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摘要
随着首部《城乡规划法》的出台,统筹城乡发展,促进合理布局,将是一个研究热点。景观生态学作为一门新兴的交叉学科,其生态观念的引入为认识和解决日益尖锐化的复杂环境问题提供新思路,是城乡规划建设研究中的一个突破,对促进城乡一体化协调发展具有重要的现实意义。
本文在景观生态学思想的指导下,以河北省青县整个县域为研究范围,从景观生态学的角度切入城乡景观格局的动态变化分析与优化的应用研究,以探索在城乡一体化快速发展过程中生态环境压力增强与人类活动强度异常巨大的情况下,景观生态学在我国城乡规划中的应用途径。
主要研究内容是,在GIS技术支持下划分青县景观类型,通过景观格局分析软件FRAGSTAT,从时间上和空间上分别对青县的景观格局动态变化进行定量分析。然后,探求影响青县整体景观生态空间格局变化的驱动力因素。借助SPSS统计分析功能,采用主成分分析法定量分析影响青县整体景观生态空间格局动态演变的经济驱动力,从而为青县景观格局优化提供依据。
研究结果表明,青县景观构成以耕地为主,景观优势度明显。研究期间耕地面积减少程度明显,园林地、城乡建设用地等不同程度扩展,县域整体景观破碎度加大,景观蔓延度下降,景观多样性增加,整体景观水平向非单一化和均衡化发展。从空间分布角度看,乡镇间景观格局变化差异显著。金牛镇耕地类型比重最大,自然连结度良好。清州镇城乡用地增加最为明显,景观多样性指数最大,表明其景观类型趋向均匀度化。总体来看,各乡镇耕地类型减少,城乡建设用地、园林地等用地类型的增加,景观破碎程度加大。
最后,通过建立绿色生态廊道,均衡合理分布城乡绿地斑块,模糊城镇中心与乡村的界限,构建青县城乡空间布局与景观格局相融为一体的景观安全格局,形成以京杭运河段为景观生态轴、以城区为中心的开放式城乡景观生态系统。以达到改善人居环境,促进青县城乡经济、社会与环境可持续发展的目的。
As Urban and Rural Planning Law has come on, it will be a hot issue that how to make unified plan and rationally arrange the layout of urban and rural area. Landscape ecology, which is a new interdiscipline, provides with a new thought as understanding and solving the complicated environmental problem. And breathroughs are also made in the research of urban and rural construction. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to put the theory of landscape ecology into practice, with the purpose of cooridinating the development between cities and the countryside.
Based on the principle of landscape ecology, the dissertation, which takes a case of Qingxian County, researches on the dynamics state of landscape pattern in the urban and rural area. The main object of the study is to discusses approaches to apply the concepts of landscape ecology to urban and rural planning, in the event of sharp contradiction between human and environmental resources.
The main context for study as follows: the landscape of Qingxian County is classified by means of GIS. Then with the help of FRAGSTATS, this paper analyzes the characters of landscape pattern change in Qingxian County, from two-dimensional analysis of space and time. Principal Components Analysis is used to study the economic drive force, which has great influence on the dynamics state of landscape pattern in Qingxian County, by means of SPSS. It aims to provide a basis for the optimization of landscape pattern in Qingxian County
The research results showed that the landscape of Qingxian County consists chiefly of cultivated land. During study time, cultivated land has decrease sharply, as well as garden land and construction area has increased differently. On the one hand, the landscape fragmentation of the whole county increased remarkably, the landscape contagion decreased, and the landscape diversity increased gradually. And the landscape pattern tends to balanced development. On the other hand, the change of landscape pattern between countryside has notable differences. The landscape in Jinniu Countryside has a nice connectivity, and the landscape diversity in Qingzhou Countryside increased obviously. In a word, cultivated land of different counties has decreased, garden land and construction area has increased, and he landscape fragmentation has increased clearly.
Finally, through forming green ecological corridor and rationally arranging the layout of green area, the landscape security pattern of urban and rural in Qingxian County has been builded. An optimized spatial design for landscape ecological system in Qingxian County was propsed, in order to improve the environment for human settlement and promote sustainable development between the economy、the society and the environment.
本文在景观生态学思想的指导下,以河北省青县整个县域为研究范围,从景观生态学的角度切入城乡景观格局的动态变化分析与优化的应用研究,以探索在城乡一体化快速发展过程中生态环境压力增强与人类活动强度异常巨大的情况下,景观生态学在我国城乡规划中的应用途径。
主要研究内容是,在GIS技术支持下划分青县景观类型,通过景观格局分析软件FRAGSTAT,从时间上和空间上分别对青县的景观格局动态变化进行定量分析。然后,探求影响青县整体景观生态空间格局变化的驱动力因素。借助SPSS统计分析功能,采用主成分分析法定量分析影响青县整体景观生态空间格局动态演变的经济驱动力,从而为青县景观格局优化提供依据。
研究结果表明,青县景观构成以耕地为主,景观优势度明显。研究期间耕地面积减少程度明显,园林地、城乡建设用地等不同程度扩展,县域整体景观破碎度加大,景观蔓延度下降,景观多样性增加,整体景观水平向非单一化和均衡化发展。从空间分布角度看,乡镇间景观格局变化差异显著。金牛镇耕地类型比重最大,自然连结度良好。清州镇城乡用地增加最为明显,景观多样性指数最大,表明其景观类型趋向均匀度化。总体来看,各乡镇耕地类型减少,城乡建设用地、园林地等用地类型的增加,景观破碎程度加大。
最后,通过建立绿色生态廊道,均衡合理分布城乡绿地斑块,模糊城镇中心与乡村的界限,构建青县城乡空间布局与景观格局相融为一体的景观安全格局,形成以京杭运河段为景观生态轴、以城区为中心的开放式城乡景观生态系统。以达到改善人居环境,促进青县城乡经济、社会与环境可持续发展的目的。
As Urban and Rural Planning Law has come on, it will be a hot issue that how to make unified plan and rationally arrange the layout of urban and rural area. Landscape ecology, which is a new interdiscipline, provides with a new thought as understanding and solving the complicated environmental problem. And breathroughs are also made in the research of urban and rural construction. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to put the theory of landscape ecology into practice, with the purpose of cooridinating the development between cities and the countryside.
Based on the principle of landscape ecology, the dissertation, which takes a case of Qingxian County, researches on the dynamics state of landscape pattern in the urban and rural area. The main object of the study is to discusses approaches to apply the concepts of landscape ecology to urban and rural planning, in the event of sharp contradiction between human and environmental resources.
The main context for study as follows: the landscape of Qingxian County is classified by means of GIS. Then with the help of FRAGSTATS, this paper analyzes the characters of landscape pattern change in Qingxian County, from two-dimensional analysis of space and time. Principal Components Analysis is used to study the economic drive force, which has great influence on the dynamics state of landscape pattern in Qingxian County, by means of SPSS. It aims to provide a basis for the optimization of landscape pattern in Qingxian County
The research results showed that the landscape of Qingxian County consists chiefly of cultivated land. During study time, cultivated land has decrease sharply, as well as garden land and construction area has increased differently. On the one hand, the landscape fragmentation of the whole county increased remarkably, the landscape contagion decreased, and the landscape diversity increased gradually. And the landscape pattern tends to balanced development. On the other hand, the change of landscape pattern between countryside has notable differences. The landscape in Jinniu Countryside has a nice connectivity, and the landscape diversity in Qingzhou Countryside increased obviously. In a word, cultivated land of different counties has decreased, garden land and construction area has increased, and he landscape fragmentation has increased clearly.
Finally, through forming green ecological corridor and rationally arranging the layout of green area, the landscape security pattern of urban and rural in Qingxian County has been builded. An optimized spatial design for landscape ecological system in Qingxian County was propsed, in order to improve the environment for human settlement and promote sustainable development between the economy、the society and the environment.
引文
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[26]王根绪,刘进其,陈玲.黑河流域典型区土地利用格局变化及影响比较[J].地理学报,2006,61(4):339~348.
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[29]曹宇,欧阳华,肖笃宁,等.基于APACK的额济纳天然绿洲景观空间格局分析[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(6):776~785.
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[52]肖笃宁,陈文波,郭福良.论生态安全的基本概念和研究内容[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(3):354~358.
[2]Naveh Z..Some remarks on recent development in landscape ecology as a transdisciplinary ecological and geographical science[J].Landscape Ecology,1991,(5):65~73.
[3]邬建国.景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].高等教育出版社,2002:2~7.
[4]Forman R T T.Land Mosaics.the Ecology of Landscape and Region.London[M]:Cambridge University Press,1997(4):28~31.
[5]Forman R T T.Some general principles of landscape and regional ecology[J].Landscape Ecology,1995,10(3):125~136.
[6]Godron M et al.Thermodynamic foundation and information theory in understanding landscape heterogeneity[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,1995,14(2):28~35.
[7]陈利顶,刘洋,吕一河等.景观生态学中的格局分析:现状、困境与未来[J].生态学报,2008,28(11):5521~5531.
[8]W iens J A. Landscape ecology[J]. The science and the action Landscape Ecology, 1999,14(3):103~104.
[9]陈文波,肖笃宁,李秀珍.景观空间分析的特征和主要内容[J].生态学报,2002,22(7):1135~1142.
[10]张明阳,王克林,刘会玉等.白洋淀流域景观空间格局随高程分异研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2005,19(4):75~81.
[11]张秋菊,傅伯杰,陈利顶等.关于景观格局演变研究的几个问题[J].地理科学,2003,23(3):264~270.
[12]Turner M G. Landscape ecology in North America: past, present, and the future [J].Ecology,2005,86(8):1967~1974.
[13]吕一河,陈利顶,傅伯杰.景观格局与生态过程的耦合途径分析[J].地理科学进展,2007,26(3):1~10.
[14]TischendorfL. Can landscape indicess predict ecological processes consistently[J].Landscape Ecology,2001,16:253~254.
[15]Ostendorf B, Reynolds J F.A model of arctic tundra vegetation derived from topographic gradients[J]. Landscape Ecology,1998,13:187~202.
[16]Verboom J,Opdam P,Metz J A J. European nuthatch metapopulations in a fragmented agricultural[J]. landscape Oikos,1991,61:149~156.
[17]Li H,Wu J.Use and misuse of landscape indices Landscape Ecology[J].Landscape Ecology,2004,19:389~399.
[18]Bu R C,Hu Y M,Chang Y, et al A correlation analysis on landscape metrics[J].Acta EecologicaSinica.2005,25(10):2764~2775.
[19]陈利顶,傅伯杰.农田生态系统管理与非点源污染[J].环境科学,2000,21(2):98~100.
[20]杨国靖,肖笃宁.森林景观格局分析及破碎化评价——以祁连山西水自然保护站为例[J].生态学杂志.2003,22(5):56~61.
[21]顾朝林等.中国大城市边缘区研究[M].北京:科学出版社,1995.
[22]陈佑启.北京城乡交错带土地利用问题与对策研究[J].经济地理,1996,16(4):46~50.
[23]常禹.沈阳市东部土地利用格局变化[J].应用生态学报,1997,8(4):421~425.
[24]杨孟,李秀珍,杨兆平等.岷江上游小流域景观格局对土壤侵蚀过程的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2007,18(11):2512~2519.
[25]潘竞虎,鱼腾飞,相得年等.陇东黄土高原土壤侵蚀景观格局分析——以庆城项目区为例[J].山地农业生物学报,2007,26(4):314~318.
[26]王根绪,刘进其,陈玲.黑河流域典型区土地利用格局变化及影响比较[J].地理学报,2006,61(4):339~348.
[27]彭建,蔡运龙,王秀春.基于景观生态学的喀斯特生态脆弱区土地利用/覆被变化评价[J].中国岩溶,2007,26(2):137~143.
[28]张国坤,邓伟,吕宪国,等.新开河流域湿地景观格局动态变化过程研究[J].自然资源学报,2007,22(2):204~210.
[29]曹宇,欧阳华,肖笃宁,等.基于APACK的额济纳天然绿洲景观空间格局分析[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(6):776~785.
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