绵阳市城区大气环境容量初步研究
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摘要
大气环境容量的研究和核定,是科学制定区域大气环境总量控制目标和合理利用有限的大气环境容量资源,改善大气环境质量的一项基础性工作。本文结合绵阳市的实际情况,在基础资料收集、现场调查、大气污染源和污染特征分析的基础上,以可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫、二氧化氮为污染因子,采用A-P值法对绵阳大气环境容量和城区点源容量进行了计算分析。结果表明:1)绵阳城区可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫、二氧化氮的排放量未超过允许排放总量(环境容量)。2)绵阳城区可吸入颗粒物、二氧化硫、二氧化氮的剩余容量分别为4233t/a、5083t/a和5706t/a,其剩余容量占总容量的百分率分别为26.77%、49.4%和46.2%。针对研究区大气环境容量相对有限的状况,提出了可行的应对措施。本研究不仅为绵阳市大气环境污染控制提供了科学参考,而且对类似城市大气环境容量的计算和核定有参考价值。
The study and the checking and ratifying of atmospheric environmental capacity are a basic for improving atmospheric environmental quality. Through the research of the environmental capacity, the target of the total air pollutant emission control can be established and the limited resources can be used rationally. Based on these aims, this paper analyzed thoroughly the atmospheric environmental capacity and the spot resource capacity in Mianyang city through the A-P value method on the bases of investigation, collecting and analysis of the data about the atmosphere. The PM_10, SO_2 and NO_2 were selected as the influence factors. The main results were as follows:1) The discharge quantities of PM_10, SO_2 and NO_2 were not exceed the admissible emission gross (namely, environmental capacity) in Mianyang city.2) The spare atmospheric environmental capacities of PM_10, SO_2 and NO_2 in Mianyang city were 4233t/a, 5083t/a and 5706t/a, respectively. The ratios of the spare atmospheric environmental capacities and the atmospheric environmental total capacities of PM_10, SO_2 and NO_2 were 0.268,0.494, and 0.462, respectively.The feasible countermeasures were put forward aim at the limited status of atmospheric environmental capacity in Mianyang city. The study can not only provide the scientific reference for the control of atmospheric pollution in Mianyang city, but provide the reference for other cities.
The study and the checking and ratifying of atmospheric environmental capacity are a basic for improving atmospheric environmental quality. Through the research of the environmental capacity, the target of the total air pollutant emission control can be established and the limited resources can be used rationally. Based on these aims, this paper analyzed thoroughly the atmospheric environmental capacity and the spot resource capacity in Mianyang city through the A-P value method on the bases of investigation, collecting and analysis of the data about the atmosphere. The PM_10, SO_2 and NO_2 were selected as the influence factors. The main results were as follows:1) The discharge quantities of PM_10, SO_2 and NO_2 were not exceed the admissible emission gross (namely, environmental capacity) in Mianyang city.2) The spare atmospheric environmental capacities of PM_10, SO_2 and NO_2 in Mianyang city were 4233t/a, 5083t/a and 5706t/a, respectively. The ratios of the spare atmospheric environmental capacities and the atmospheric environmental total capacities of PM_10, SO_2 and NO_2 were 0.268,0.494, and 0.462, respectively.The feasible countermeasures were put forward aim at the limited status of atmospheric environmental capacity in Mianyang city. The study can not only provide the scientific reference for the control of atmospheric pollution in Mianyang city, but provide the reference for other cities.
引文
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17.张书海等.淮阴城区大气环境容量初步研究[J].环境与开发.1999,14(4).21-22.
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23.潘相敏等.气溶胶中多环芳烃光降解的初步研究[J].环境化学.1999,18(4).28-30.
24.安兴琴,等.兰州市城区冬季TSP容许排放总量的估算[J].中国环境科学.2003,23(1):60-63.
25.钱华等.上海大气环境质量影响因素分析[J].环境与职业医学.2004,21(3).16-20.
26.郝吉明等.中国城市机动车排放污染物控制规划体系研究[J].应用气象学报.2002,13卷特刊.195-193.
27. Otter L B, Guenther A, Greenberg J. Seasonal and spatial variations in biogenic hydrocarbon emissions from southern African savannas and woodlands[J]. Atmospheric Environment. 2002, 36(26):4265～4275.
28. Collins W J, tevenson D S, Johnson C E, et al. The European regional ozone distribution and its links with the global scale for the years 1992 and 2015[J]. Atmospheric Environment. 2000, 34(2):255～267.
29. Zhang Qi, Anastasio Cort. Free and combined amino compounds in atmospheric fine particles (PM_(2.5)) and fog waters from Northern California[J]. Atmospheric Environment. 2003, 37 (16):2247～2258.
30. Stein Ariel F, Lamb Dennis. Empirical evidence for the low-and high-NO_x photochemical regimes of sulfate and nitrate formation[J]. Atmospheric Environment. 2003, 37(26): 3615～3625.
31. Zhang Qi, Anastasio Cort. Chemistry of fog waters in California's Central
2. Pham M, uller J-F, Brasseur G P et al. A 3D model study of the global sulphur cycle: contributions of anthropogenic and biogenic sources[J]. Atmospheric Environment. 1996, 30 (10～11):1815～1822.
3.扬洪斌,等.高分辨率对流层化学模式与高斯烟云模式的对比分析[J].辽宁气象.2001,(1):25-27.
4.杜敏敏.一种用箱模式与高斯模式结合计算大气环境容量的方法[J].重庆环境科学.1995,17(6).1-3.
5.汪金福.利用单位源强浓度贡献确定排放限值[J].华中师范大学学报(自然科学版).2001,35(2).234-236.
6.姚建等.湛江市大气环境容量与工业布局探讨[J].四川环境.1997,16(4).25-28.
7.GB/T 13201-91,制定地方大气污染物排放标准的技术方法[s].3-8.
8.国家环保保护局、中国环境科学研究院,城市大气污染总量控制方法手册[M].北京:中国环境出版社,1991.11-102.
9.蒋维楣等.空气污染气象学教程[M].北京:气象出版社,1993.78-113.
10.徐芙蓉等.A值法研究大气总量控制的环境质量达标保证率[J].四川环境.2003,22(2).70-73.
11.曾光明等.城市开发区区域大气、水环境容量的计算及管理[J].环境与开发.1994,9(4).48-53.
12.石晓枫等.大气环境容量的分配与污染物总量控制方法的研究[J].环境工程.2000,18(1).50-54.
13.陈红岩等.大气环境污染优化控制的实际问题[J].气候与环境研究.1998,3(2).163-173.
14.秦艳等.大区域大气总量控制模式的影响因素及改进研究[J].中国纺织大学学报.1999,25(5).9-12.
15.刘宝章.宁波市大气环境容量研究[J].科技通报.1994,10(1).38-42.
16.王民良等.上海市大气环境承载能力研究[J].上海环境科学.1996,15 (4).245-247.
17.张书海等.淮阴城区大气环境容量初步研究[J].环境与开发.1999,14(4).21-22.
18.石景熙.某地区NO2允许排放总量及分配方法探讨[J].石化技术.2001,8(2):103-107.
19.谢海燕.环境容量法在矿区大气环境评价中的应用[J].新疆环境保护.1994,16(2).48-50.
20.宋鹭.总量控制下的大气环境影响评价与技术支持系统[J].江苏环境科技.1997,(2).12-15.
21.龚丽娟.江苏油田大气环境容量研究[J].环境科学进展.1998,6(3).72-77.
22.胡宾等.焦作市煤炭资源利用与大气SO_2环境容量配置模型研究[J].焦作工学院学报.2001,20(6).422-424.
23.潘相敏等.气溶胶中多环芳烃光降解的初步研究[J].环境化学.1999,18(4).28-30.
24.安兴琴,等.兰州市城区冬季TSP容许排放总量的估算[J].中国环境科学.2003,23(1):60-63.
25.钱华等.上海大气环境质量影响因素分析[J].环境与职业医学.2004,21(3).16-20.
26.郝吉明等.中国城市机动车排放污染物控制规划体系研究[J].应用气象学报.2002,13卷特刊.195-193.
27. Otter L B, Guenther A, Greenberg J. Seasonal and spatial variations in biogenic hydrocarbon emissions from southern African savannas and woodlands[J]. Atmospheric Environment. 2002, 36(26):4265～4275.
28. Collins W J, tevenson D S, Johnson C E, et al. The European regional ozone distribution and its links with the global scale for the years 1992 and 2015[J]. Atmospheric Environment. 2000, 34(2):255～267.
29. Zhang Qi, Anastasio Cort. Free and combined amino compounds in atmospheric fine particles (PM_(2.5)) and fog waters from Northern California[J]. Atmospheric Environment. 2003, 37 (16):2247～2258.
30. Stein Ariel F, Lamb Dennis. Empirical evidence for the low-and high-NO_x photochemical regimes of sulfate and nitrate formation[J]. Atmospheric Environment. 2003, 37(26): 3615～3625.
31. Zhang Qi, Anastasio Cort. Chemistry of fog waters in California's Central