哈尔滨休闲文化及其空间载体互构性研究
|
摘要
知识经济与信息全球化时代使得人们的生活方式、工作方式发生了很大的变化,在提高效率的同时,人们也拥有了更多的闲暇时间。2008年,国家法定节假日调整和职工带薪休假规定的出台,更增加了人们的休闲热情,休闲成为了社会关注的重点内容。
哈尔滨是一座文化底蕴极其深厚的城市,是一座历来懂得休闲的城市。哈尔滨休闲文化具有地域性、多元性、历史性、时代性等多种特征,休闲空间类型、规模丰富多样。然而,在休闲文化和休闲空间的相互表达和塑造方面却稍显不足。两者和谐共荣对于提升哈尔滨休闲空间的文化品质、塑造城市生态形象、促进人们相互交往、带动城市经济发展具有重要的意义和深远的影响。由此本文选择哈尔滨这座城市作为研究对象,深入研究休闲文化及其空间载体之间的互构性关系。
本文采用“资料分析——提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的研究思路,运用文献分析法、问卷调查法、比较借鉴法等研究方法深入研究分析哈尔滨休闲文化与其空间载体的互构性关系。首先,通过对大量相关文献的研究,形成对休闲文化这一概念的认知和对其空间载体的概念界定,根据研究目标架构文章的总体构想。其次,通过向哈尔滨多种类型休闲空间内进行活动的人群发放问卷,调查基本休闲活动内容和对于现有休闲空间与文化的感知度和印象,了解大众的休闲生活需求,并发掘哈尔滨休闲文化与休闲空间现状存在的一些问题。再次,针对问题,在吸收借鉴杭州、大连、北京、上海等城市有关休闲空间文化性塑造和休闲资源开发利用成功经验的基础上,提出哈尔滨休闲文化及其空间载体的互构性规划对策,以期满足人们对于休闲生活的物质与精神需求,提升哈尔滨市休闲空间品质,为哈尔滨市民和外地游人营造高质量的休闲氛围与环境。在此基础上,塑造哈尔滨休闲文化品牌,提高休闲与旅游业的知名度,促进哈尔滨社会、经济、文化的进一步发展。
In the era of knowledge-driven economy and information globalization, the lifestyle and work mode changed a lot; at the same time of increasing the efficiency, people have more time on leisure activities. In 2008, with the adjustments of national legal holidays and the implementation of annual paid leave for employees, the enthusiasm of people toward recreational life increased a lot, and leisure became an important part of social attention.
Harbin is a city which has an extremely profound culture, and it's a city that knows how to lead a leisure life. The leisure culture in Harbin is characterized of localism, pluralism and with the features of history and modern times. The patterns and scale of its leisure space are rich of diversification. However, it has disadvantages on the aspects of mutual expression and mutual construction between leisure culture and leisure space. The harmonious relationship between them will bring great significance and profound effect on improving cultural quality of leisure space, creating ecological urban image, enhancing communications and driving economic development of this city. Thus, this paper selects Harbin as the case of study in the aim of carrying out a profound research on the mutual relationship between leisure culture and its spatial carrier.
This paper adopts the research methodology of "data analysis—problems proposing—problems analysis—problems solving", by using the methods of literature analysis, questionnaire investigation, and comparative reference and so on for the further research of leisure culture and spatial carrier mutual construction in Harbin. Firstly, based on a number of literature study, it forms to the conceptual cognition of leisure culture and the limits of its space carrier, according to the research target, to construct the general idea of the article. Secondly, through providing the questionnaires to the crowd of activities in the multi-type leisure space in Harbin, to investigate the content of basic leisure activity and the impression of the existing leisure culture and spatial carrier, to understand people’s leisure needs, and to explore the existing problems of leisure culture and leisure space in Harbin. Lastly, to solve the problems, based on the introducing and borrowing successful experience of the leisure cultural and leisure space development and utilization of recreational resources in Hangzhou, Dalian, Beijing, Shanghai and other cities, it proposes the planning strategy of the mutual construction between leisure culture and its spatial carrier in Harbin, on the purpose of satisfying the material and spiritual needs of leisure life for people, improving the quality of leisure space in Harbin and building the high grade leisure atmosphere and environment for the residents and tourists. On the basis of this, we can establish its brand on leisure culture of Harbin, enhance its reputation in the leisure and tourist industry, and promote the social, economic and cultural development in Harbin.
哈尔滨是一座文化底蕴极其深厚的城市,是一座历来懂得休闲的城市。哈尔滨休闲文化具有地域性、多元性、历史性、时代性等多种特征,休闲空间类型、规模丰富多样。然而,在休闲文化和休闲空间的相互表达和塑造方面却稍显不足。两者和谐共荣对于提升哈尔滨休闲空间的文化品质、塑造城市生态形象、促进人们相互交往、带动城市经济发展具有重要的意义和深远的影响。由此本文选择哈尔滨这座城市作为研究对象,深入研究休闲文化及其空间载体之间的互构性关系。
本文采用“资料分析——提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的研究思路,运用文献分析法、问卷调查法、比较借鉴法等研究方法深入研究分析哈尔滨休闲文化与其空间载体的互构性关系。首先,通过对大量相关文献的研究,形成对休闲文化这一概念的认知和对其空间载体的概念界定,根据研究目标架构文章的总体构想。其次,通过向哈尔滨多种类型休闲空间内进行活动的人群发放问卷,调查基本休闲活动内容和对于现有休闲空间与文化的感知度和印象,了解大众的休闲生活需求,并发掘哈尔滨休闲文化与休闲空间现状存在的一些问题。再次,针对问题,在吸收借鉴杭州、大连、北京、上海等城市有关休闲空间文化性塑造和休闲资源开发利用成功经验的基础上,提出哈尔滨休闲文化及其空间载体的互构性规划对策,以期满足人们对于休闲生活的物质与精神需求,提升哈尔滨市休闲空间品质,为哈尔滨市民和外地游人营造高质量的休闲氛围与环境。在此基础上,塑造哈尔滨休闲文化品牌,提高休闲与旅游业的知名度,促进哈尔滨社会、经济、文化的进一步发展。
In the era of knowledge-driven economy and information globalization, the lifestyle and work mode changed a lot; at the same time of increasing the efficiency, people have more time on leisure activities. In 2008, with the adjustments of national legal holidays and the implementation of annual paid leave for employees, the enthusiasm of people toward recreational life increased a lot, and leisure became an important part of social attention.
Harbin is a city which has an extremely profound culture, and it's a city that knows how to lead a leisure life. The leisure culture in Harbin is characterized of localism, pluralism and with the features of history and modern times. The patterns and scale of its leisure space are rich of diversification. However, it has disadvantages on the aspects of mutual expression and mutual construction between leisure culture and leisure space. The harmonious relationship between them will bring great significance and profound effect on improving cultural quality of leisure space, creating ecological urban image, enhancing communications and driving economic development of this city. Thus, this paper selects Harbin as the case of study in the aim of carrying out a profound research on the mutual relationship between leisure culture and its spatial carrier.
This paper adopts the research methodology of "data analysis—problems proposing—problems analysis—problems solving", by using the methods of literature analysis, questionnaire investigation, and comparative reference and so on for the further research of leisure culture and spatial carrier mutual construction in Harbin. Firstly, based on a number of literature study, it forms to the conceptual cognition of leisure culture and the limits of its space carrier, according to the research target, to construct the general idea of the article. Secondly, through providing the questionnaires to the crowd of activities in the multi-type leisure space in Harbin, to investigate the content of basic leisure activity and the impression of the existing leisure culture and spatial carrier, to understand people’s leisure needs, and to explore the existing problems of leisure culture and leisure space in Harbin. Lastly, to solve the problems, based on the introducing and borrowing successful experience of the leisure cultural and leisure space development and utilization of recreational resources in Hangzhou, Dalian, Beijing, Shanghai and other cities, it proposes the planning strategy of the mutual construction between leisure culture and its spatial carrier in Harbin, on the purpose of satisfying the material and spiritual needs of leisure life for people, improving the quality of leisure space in Harbin and building the high grade leisure atmosphere and environment for the residents and tourists. On the basis of this, we can establish its brand on leisure culture of Harbin, enhance its reputation in the leisure and tourist industry, and promote the social, economic and cultural development in Harbin.
引文
1于光远.论普遍有闲的社会.中国学人休闲研究丛书.北京:中国经济出版社. 2005:5
2杨子辉.城市生态化滨水休闲空间研究.重庆大学硕士论文. 2005: 10
3杨保军.城市休闲空间的失落与新生.城市规划学刊. 2006, (6)
4周玥.城市休闲空间更新发展研究.华中师范大学硕士论文. 2006: 6
5凡勃伦著,蔡受百译.有闲阶级论.北京:商务印书馆. 1981: 4
6曾琳.明清苏州休闲空间研究.同济大学硕士论文. 2007: 7
7 Bettina F. Pilco, Alexander T. Vazsonyi. Leisure Activities and Problem Behaviours among Hungarian Youth. Journal of Adolescence. 2004, (27)
8 Peter Hills, Michael Argyle, Rachel Reeves. Individual Difference in Leisure Satisfactions:An Investigation of Four Theories of Leisure Motivation. Personality and Individual Differences. 2000, (28)
9陈卓琳.基于旅游体验理论的杭州城市游憩网络评价研究.城市规划汇刊. 2009, (4): 22-25
10黄波江.城市意象传递——一种渐进式城市更新途径.四川建筑. 2008, (26): 15-17
11 Nasar Jack L, Li Minhui. Landscape Mirror: The Attractiveness of Reflecting Water[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2004, (4): 233-238
12王志威.论休闲.山西建筑. 2006, (10): 45-46
13于光远,马惠娣.于光远马惠娣十年对话——关于休闲学研究的基本问题.重庆:重庆大学出版社. 2008: 8
14许稚菲.休闲文化与城市休闲空间设计.天津大学硕士论文. 2007: 7
15陈圣民.城市滨水公共空间的形态与设计.天津大学硕士论文. 2008: 10
16 Forester J W. World Dynamics. Cambridge Mass:The MIT Press. 1971: 10-12
17孙红哲.城市滨水区公共空间与公共生活研究——以青岛奥帆基地周边滨水区为例.城市规划. 2007, (11): 23-25
18刘俊杰.人性化的城市公共空间设计方法研究.低温建筑技术. 2007, (3)
19郑杭生,杨敏.社会互构论的提出.中国人民大学学报. 2003, (4)
20张洪波.文化生态学理论对我国城市可持续发展的启示.山西建筑. 2009, (10)
21薛培芹.城市公共休闲空间的价值及其测评研究.西安科技大学硕士论文.2008: 19-20
22 Viecent C.S Heung, Ilailin Qu, Raymond Chu. The Relationship between Vacation Factors and Socio-demographic and Traveling Characteristics: The Case of Japanese Leisure Travelers. Tourism Management. 2000
23 Jacobs J. The Death and Life of Great American. New York: Random House. 1961: 35-37
24郭旭,孟杰.基于哈尔滨地域文化特征的休闲空间建设.城市发展研究. 2009, (7)
25哈尔滨市城市规划局.中国历史文化名城丛书.哈尔滨:中国文史出版社. 2005: 3
26曲伟,李述笑.犹太人在哈尔滨.社会科学文献出版社. 2006: 6
27网址:http://hebyly.cn/News/ShowInfo1.aspx?ID=14
28网址:http://www.ihchina.gov.cn/inc/detail.jsp?info_id=350
29 Robert Preston-Whyte. Constructed Leisure Space-The Seaside of Durban. Annals of Tourism Research. 2001, 28 (3)
30郭旭,郭恩章,吕飞.营造高质量的城市休闲空间环境——以邯郸市休闲空间环境设计为例.哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 2002: 6
31孙亚强.从节日文化看哈尔滨冰雪节.山西建筑. 2008: 3
32网址:http://www.lailook.net/qdsw/012/2010-03-14/2811_2.html
33网址: http://www.hrblyj.com.cn/Item/529.aspx
34王楠,万婷,姜叶超.哈尔滨地域文化与城市公共空间.低温建筑技术. 2009: 12
35张珊珊,李立航.境生象外——哈尔滨城市广场的性格塑造.哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 2000, (4): 25-27
36白素月,刘慧明.哈尔滨市五处广场景观评析.农业科技与信息(现代园林). 2008: 14-16
37王婧.哈尔滨城市公园系统研究.东北林业大学硕士论文. 2008: 29-30
38高宇.哈尔滨城市公园建设风格现状分析及对策研究.中国科技信息. 2009, (12): 30-32
39网址:http://www.iyoubj.com/
40韩秀茹.城市公园中休闲空间研究.北京林业大学硕士论文. 2006: 6, 23
41李皓.以环境行为学观点探讨城市公共空间活力营造.西北农林科技大学硕士论文. 2008: 5
42周进.城市公共空间建设的规划控制与引导——塑造高品质城市公共空间的研究.东南大学出版社. 2008: 6
43 Andreas Papatheodorou, Civil Aviation Regimes and Leisure Tourism in Europe. Journal of Air Transport Management. 2002(8)
44网址:http://www.ihchina.gov.cn/inc/detail.jsp?info_id=350
45孟杰,郭旭.构建“C+C式”城市休闲空间环境.中国城市规划年会. 2009, 9
46 Ronald Johnson. Holy Leisure: Recreation and Religion in God' s Square Mile. Annals of Tourism Research. 2000, (3): 27
47哈尔滨市城市规划局.中国历史文化名城丛书.哈尔滨:中国文史出版社. 2005: 3
48网址:http://www.hrblyj.com.cn/Item/529.aspx
49薛菲.城市休闲空间风景园林设计与城市记忆研究—深圳中心区公园设计案例.中国园林. 2004, (6)
50金广君.图解城市设计.黑龙江科学技术出版社. 1999: 4
51程富花.我国可持续发展的城市公共空间运行机制研究.天津大学博士论文. 2006: 45-47
52吴可人,华晨.城市规划中四类利益主体剖析.城市规划. 2005: 11
53何昞.城市居民公共休闲空间满意度评价.首都师范大学硕士论文. 2009: 48-50
54扬·盖尔著.空间与交往.何人可译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2002: 12
55马惠娣,刘耳.西方休闲学研究述评.自然辩证法研究. 2001,5
56克莱尔·库珀·马库斯,卡罗琳·弗朗西斯著.俞孔坚,孙鹏,王志芳等译.人性场所——城市休闲空间设计导则.北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2001
57李刚.成都城市休闲发展研究.天津大学硕士论文. 2009: 19-22
58 Iamtrakul, Pawinee. Interaction of Activity Involvement and Recreational Location Selection Behavior in Lowland City. Journal of Zhejiang University. 2005, 6: 900-906
59王鹏.城市公共空间的系统化建设.东南大学出版社. 2001: 185
60李玉臻.城市休闲空间研究西安科技大学硕士论文. 2005: 30-32
61 Smith S L J. Dictionary of Concepts in Recreation and Leisure Studies. Greenwood Press. 1990
62托马斯·古德尔,杰弗瑞·戈比著.人类思想史中的休闲.成素梅等译.云南人民出版社. 2000
63郭莉莉.丽江古城滨水休闲空间研究.昆明理工大学硕士论文. 2008: 5
64吴承照.现代城市游憩规划设计理论与方法.北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2004: 4, 65-66
65 Mahadin, Kamel O. Ghanimeh, Ali Abu, Al-Najjar, Sonia, Al-Ejel,Najwa. People's Perception and Behavior Patterns in Amman's Public Parks and Plazas. AEJ-Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2005, 44(2): 237-255
66王薇.昆明翠湖休闲区景观结构研究.昆明理工大学硕士论文. 2007: 2
67曾令秋.城市滨水地区亲水空间设计研究.西安科技大学硕士论文. 2009, (10): 35-37
68 S.Zukin, Postmodern Urban Landscapes Mapping Culture and Power. In S.Lash and J.Friedman Modernity and Identity. Oxford: Black-well. 1992
69 G Cushman, A.J.Veal, J Zuzanek. World Leisure Participation:Free Time in the Global Village. CAB INTERNATIONAL UK. 1996
2杨子辉.城市生态化滨水休闲空间研究.重庆大学硕士论文. 2005: 10
3杨保军.城市休闲空间的失落与新生.城市规划学刊. 2006, (6)
4周玥.城市休闲空间更新发展研究.华中师范大学硕士论文. 2006: 6
5凡勃伦著,蔡受百译.有闲阶级论.北京:商务印书馆. 1981: 4
6曾琳.明清苏州休闲空间研究.同济大学硕士论文. 2007: 7
7 Bettina F. Pilco, Alexander T. Vazsonyi. Leisure Activities and Problem Behaviours among Hungarian Youth. Journal of Adolescence. 2004, (27)
8 Peter Hills, Michael Argyle, Rachel Reeves. Individual Difference in Leisure Satisfactions:An Investigation of Four Theories of Leisure Motivation. Personality and Individual Differences. 2000, (28)
9陈卓琳.基于旅游体验理论的杭州城市游憩网络评价研究.城市规划汇刊. 2009, (4): 22-25
10黄波江.城市意象传递——一种渐进式城市更新途径.四川建筑. 2008, (26): 15-17
11 Nasar Jack L, Li Minhui. Landscape Mirror: The Attractiveness of Reflecting Water[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2004, (4): 233-238
12王志威.论休闲.山西建筑. 2006, (10): 45-46
13于光远,马惠娣.于光远马惠娣十年对话——关于休闲学研究的基本问题.重庆:重庆大学出版社. 2008: 8
14许稚菲.休闲文化与城市休闲空间设计.天津大学硕士论文. 2007: 7
15陈圣民.城市滨水公共空间的形态与设计.天津大学硕士论文. 2008: 10
16 Forester J W. World Dynamics. Cambridge Mass:The MIT Press. 1971: 10-12
17孙红哲.城市滨水区公共空间与公共生活研究——以青岛奥帆基地周边滨水区为例.城市规划. 2007, (11): 23-25
18刘俊杰.人性化的城市公共空间设计方法研究.低温建筑技术. 2007, (3)
19郑杭生,杨敏.社会互构论的提出.中国人民大学学报. 2003, (4)
20张洪波.文化生态学理论对我国城市可持续发展的启示.山西建筑. 2009, (10)
21薛培芹.城市公共休闲空间的价值及其测评研究.西安科技大学硕士论文.2008: 19-20
22 Viecent C.S Heung, Ilailin Qu, Raymond Chu. The Relationship between Vacation Factors and Socio-demographic and Traveling Characteristics: The Case of Japanese Leisure Travelers. Tourism Management. 2000
23 Jacobs J. The Death and Life of Great American. New York: Random House. 1961: 35-37
24郭旭,孟杰.基于哈尔滨地域文化特征的休闲空间建设.城市发展研究. 2009, (7)
25哈尔滨市城市规划局.中国历史文化名城丛书.哈尔滨:中国文史出版社. 2005: 3
26曲伟,李述笑.犹太人在哈尔滨.社会科学文献出版社. 2006: 6
27网址:http://hebyly.cn/News/ShowInfo1.aspx?ID=14
28网址:http://www.ihchina.gov.cn/inc/detail.jsp?info_id=350
29 Robert Preston-Whyte. Constructed Leisure Space-The Seaside of Durban. Annals of Tourism Research. 2001, 28 (3)
30郭旭,郭恩章,吕飞.营造高质量的城市休闲空间环境——以邯郸市休闲空间环境设计为例.哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 2002: 6
31孙亚强.从节日文化看哈尔滨冰雪节.山西建筑. 2008: 3
32网址:http://www.lailook.net/qdsw/012/2010-03-14/2811_2.html
33网址: http://www.hrblyj.com.cn/Item/529.aspx
34王楠,万婷,姜叶超.哈尔滨地域文化与城市公共空间.低温建筑技术. 2009: 12
35张珊珊,李立航.境生象外——哈尔滨城市广场的性格塑造.哈尔滨建筑大学学报. 2000, (4): 25-27
36白素月,刘慧明.哈尔滨市五处广场景观评析.农业科技与信息(现代园林). 2008: 14-16
37王婧.哈尔滨城市公园系统研究.东北林业大学硕士论文. 2008: 29-30
38高宇.哈尔滨城市公园建设风格现状分析及对策研究.中国科技信息. 2009, (12): 30-32
39网址:http://www.iyoubj.com/
40韩秀茹.城市公园中休闲空间研究.北京林业大学硕士论文. 2006: 6, 23
41李皓.以环境行为学观点探讨城市公共空间活力营造.西北农林科技大学硕士论文. 2008: 5
42周进.城市公共空间建设的规划控制与引导——塑造高品质城市公共空间的研究.东南大学出版社. 2008: 6
43 Andreas Papatheodorou, Civil Aviation Regimes and Leisure Tourism in Europe. Journal of Air Transport Management. 2002(8)
44网址:http://www.ihchina.gov.cn/inc/detail.jsp?info_id=350
45孟杰,郭旭.构建“C+C式”城市休闲空间环境.中国城市规划年会. 2009, 9
46 Ronald Johnson. Holy Leisure: Recreation and Religion in God' s Square Mile. Annals of Tourism Research. 2000, (3): 27
47哈尔滨市城市规划局.中国历史文化名城丛书.哈尔滨:中国文史出版社. 2005: 3
48网址:http://www.hrblyj.com.cn/Item/529.aspx
49薛菲.城市休闲空间风景园林设计与城市记忆研究—深圳中心区公园设计案例.中国园林. 2004, (6)
50金广君.图解城市设计.黑龙江科学技术出版社. 1999: 4
51程富花.我国可持续发展的城市公共空间运行机制研究.天津大学博士论文. 2006: 45-47
52吴可人,华晨.城市规划中四类利益主体剖析.城市规划. 2005: 11
53何昞.城市居民公共休闲空间满意度评价.首都师范大学硕士论文. 2009: 48-50
54扬·盖尔著.空间与交往.何人可译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2002: 12
55马惠娣,刘耳.西方休闲学研究述评.自然辩证法研究. 2001,5
56克莱尔·库珀·马库斯,卡罗琳·弗朗西斯著.俞孔坚,孙鹏,王志芳等译.人性场所——城市休闲空间设计导则.北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2001
57李刚.成都城市休闲发展研究.天津大学硕士论文. 2009: 19-22
58 Iamtrakul, Pawinee. Interaction of Activity Involvement and Recreational Location Selection Behavior in Lowland City. Journal of Zhejiang University. 2005, 6: 900-906
59王鹏.城市公共空间的系统化建设.东南大学出版社. 2001: 185
60李玉臻.城市休闲空间研究西安科技大学硕士论文. 2005: 30-32
61 Smith S L J. Dictionary of Concepts in Recreation and Leisure Studies. Greenwood Press. 1990
62托马斯·古德尔,杰弗瑞·戈比著.人类思想史中的休闲.成素梅等译.云南人民出版社. 2000
63郭莉莉.丽江古城滨水休闲空间研究.昆明理工大学硕士论文. 2008: 5
64吴承照.现代城市游憩规划设计理论与方法.北京:中国建筑工业出版社. 2004: 4, 65-66
65 Mahadin, Kamel O. Ghanimeh, Ali Abu, Al-Najjar, Sonia, Al-Ejel,Najwa. People's Perception and Behavior Patterns in Amman's Public Parks and Plazas. AEJ-Alexandria Engineering Journal. 2005, 44(2): 237-255
66王薇.昆明翠湖休闲区景观结构研究.昆明理工大学硕士论文. 2007: 2
67曾令秋.城市滨水地区亲水空间设计研究.西安科技大学硕士论文. 2009, (10): 35-37
68 S.Zukin, Postmodern Urban Landscapes Mapping Culture and Power. In S.Lash and J.Friedman Modernity and Identity. Oxford: Black-well. 1992
69 G Cushman, A.J.Veal, J Zuzanek. World Leisure Participation:Free Time in the Global Village. CAB INTERNATIONAL UK. 1996