泵站前池流场3D-PIV测量及数值模拟
摘要
泵站工程为我国国民经济的持续发展提供了重要的保证,而且泵站作为耗能大户,提高泵站的运行效率具有重要的现实意义。前池是泵站重要的进水建筑物,其流态对水泵性能有着重要的影响。
随着计算机技术的高速发展,在CFD的理论基础上,利用计算机进行数值模拟已成为研究泵站前池流态的重要方向之一,其不足就是它只是有限个离散点上的数值解,并存在一定的误差。通常情况下,还需要利用模型试验对数值计算进行验证,该方法的缺点就是需要花费大量的时间和经费。
本文研究以某泵站前池为例,利用FLUENT软件并分别采用标准k-ε和RNGκ-ε紊流模型对泵站前池进行三维数值模拟,在设计流量和大流量两种工况下分别进行数值模拟,并初步比较了前池面层、中层、底层的流场。数值模拟结果表明,前池出现了脱流现象。由于前池长度足够长,总体来说,前池水流较平顺；
PIV技术就是采用粒子跟踪技术来测定流场的速度及其它运动参数的。而国内的PIV技术起步比较晚,目前用于泵站进水建筑物的流场测量也较少。利用3D-PIV技术,对前池的部分空间区域的流场进行精确测量,获得了可靠的试验数据。测试的时候,需要对测量断面进行三维标定。利用相关软件对测试数据进行后处理,得出空间区域的三维流场图。
基于较为准确的试验数据,比较数值模拟结果和试验结果,检验和验证所选紊流模型的可靠性和实用性。主要选择若干断面,定量比较,比较流态、流速大小。
通过以上几项工作,得出了如下结论：在大流量工况下,RNGκ-ε紊流模型比较接近于试验结果；而在设计流量工况下,标准k-ε紊流模型比较接近于试验结果,也验证了在正确设置边界条件的情况下,数值模拟可以成为研究泵站前池的可靠方法。
Pumping station project has provided an important guarantee for the sustainable development of national economy. Moreover, because of its great energy consuming, improving the operating efficiency of pumping station has the important practical significance. Forebay is an important intake structure of pumping station, and its flow pattern can affect the pump performance greatly.
With the rapid development of computer technology, based on the the theory of CFD, the numerical simulation by using computer has become one of the important directions to do research on the flow pattern of forebay. The disadvantage is that it is only the numerical solution on a finite number of discrete points, and it exists some errors. In normal case, we need to use the model test to verify the numerical simulation which will cost plenty of time and funds.
This paper takes an example of a pumping station forebay. By using FLUENT software, based on the standardκ-εand RNGκ-εturbulence model respectively, the three-dimensional numerical simulation of forebay is obtained. Furthermore, two kinds of operating conditions are added, including a large discharge and a design discharge. and the flow field of the surface layer, middle layer, bottom layer is compared preliminarily. The results of numerical simulation show that flow separation phenomenon occurs in the forebay. Because of the enough length of forebay, in general, the flow in the forebay is smooth.
PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) is to use particle tracking to measure flow speed and other motion parameters. The PIV technique starts relatively late in our country, what's more, using PIV to measure the flow pattern of intake structure of pumping station is few. With the technique of the 3D-PIV, flow field in the part of the space of forebay is measured accurately and the reliable measurement data is acquired. In the process of measurement, three-dimensional calibration for the measuring section is needed. some relevant softwares are needed for data processing, afterwards, the three-dimensional flow field is obtained.
Based on the comparatively accurate test data,the numerical simulation results and experimental results are quantitatively compared to verify and validate reliability and practicability of the selecting turbulence model. a number of measuring sections are selected to compare the flow pattern and velocity.
Through the above work, this paper can conclude as follows, under a large discharge, RNGκ-εturbulence model is closer to the test results, and under a small discharge, standardκ-εturbulence model is closer to the test results, which verifies that with the correct settings in the boundary conditions, numerical simulation can also be a reliable method to study on the forebay of pumping station.
随着计算机技术的高速发展,在CFD的理论基础上,利用计算机进行数值模拟已成为研究泵站前池流态的重要方向之一,其不足就是它只是有限个离散点上的数值解,并存在一定的误差。通常情况下,还需要利用模型试验对数值计算进行验证,该方法的缺点就是需要花费大量的时间和经费。
本文研究以某泵站前池为例,利用FLUENT软件并分别采用标准k-ε和RNGκ-ε紊流模型对泵站前池进行三维数值模拟,在设计流量和大流量两种工况下分别进行数值模拟,并初步比较了前池面层、中层、底层的流场。数值模拟结果表明,前池出现了脱流现象。由于前池长度足够长,总体来说,前池水流较平顺；
PIV技术就是采用粒子跟踪技术来测定流场的速度及其它运动参数的。而国内的PIV技术起步比较晚,目前用于泵站进水建筑物的流场测量也较少。利用3D-PIV技术,对前池的部分空间区域的流场进行精确测量,获得了可靠的试验数据。测试的时候,需要对测量断面进行三维标定。利用相关软件对测试数据进行后处理,得出空间区域的三维流场图。
基于较为准确的试验数据,比较数值模拟结果和试验结果,检验和验证所选紊流模型的可靠性和实用性。主要选择若干断面,定量比较,比较流态、流速大小。
通过以上几项工作,得出了如下结论：在大流量工况下,RNGκ-ε紊流模型比较接近于试验结果；而在设计流量工况下,标准k-ε紊流模型比较接近于试验结果,也验证了在正确设置边界条件的情况下,数值模拟可以成为研究泵站前池的可靠方法。
Pumping station project has provided an important guarantee for the sustainable development of national economy. Moreover, because of its great energy consuming, improving the operating efficiency of pumping station has the important practical significance. Forebay is an important intake structure of pumping station, and its flow pattern can affect the pump performance greatly.
With the rapid development of computer technology, based on the the theory of CFD, the numerical simulation by using computer has become one of the important directions to do research on the flow pattern of forebay. The disadvantage is that it is only the numerical solution on a finite number of discrete points, and it exists some errors. In normal case, we need to use the model test to verify the numerical simulation which will cost plenty of time and funds.
This paper takes an example of a pumping station forebay. By using FLUENT software, based on the standardκ-εand RNGκ-εturbulence model respectively, the three-dimensional numerical simulation of forebay is obtained. Furthermore, two kinds of operating conditions are added, including a large discharge and a design discharge. and the flow field of the surface layer, middle layer, bottom layer is compared preliminarily. The results of numerical simulation show that flow separation phenomenon occurs in the forebay. Because of the enough length of forebay, in general, the flow in the forebay is smooth.
PIV(Particle Image Velocimetry) is to use particle tracking to measure flow speed and other motion parameters. The PIV technique starts relatively late in our country, what's more, using PIV to measure the flow pattern of intake structure of pumping station is few. With the technique of the 3D-PIV, flow field in the part of the space of forebay is measured accurately and the reliable measurement data is acquired. In the process of measurement, three-dimensional calibration for the measuring section is needed. some relevant softwares are needed for data processing, afterwards, the three-dimensional flow field is obtained.
Based on the comparatively accurate test data,the numerical simulation results and experimental results are quantitatively compared to verify and validate reliability and practicability of the selecting turbulence model. a number of measuring sections are selected to compare the flow pattern and velocity.
Through the above work, this paper can conclude as follows, under a large discharge, RNGκ-εturbulence model is closer to the test results, and under a small discharge, standardκ-εturbulence model is closer to the test results, which verifies that with the correct settings in the boundary conditions, numerical simulation can also be a reliable method to study on the forebay of pumping station.
引文
[1]刘超.水泵及水泵站.北京：中国水利水电出版社,2003
[2]印超.泵站前池流态改善三维数值模拟研究.学位论文,2007
[3]田家山.给、排水泵站进水流态紊乱的危害与对策.河海大学学报[J].1998(2).
[4]徐辉等.泵站有压前池流态改善措施的研究.排灌机械,第21卷第4期
[5]徐辉等.大型污水泵站前池进水流态的研究.给水排水,1995(4)
[5]成立等.联合运行泵站前池优化数值模拟研究.灌溉排水,2002,21(3)
[6]成立等.泵站前池低坝整流数值模拟研究[J].河海大学学报,Vol.29,No.3,2001
[7]孙永明,陈宝华.梅梁湖泵站进水引渠水工模型试验研究[J].江苏水利,2007(3)
[8]刘超,成立,汤方平.水泵站前池三维流动计算和试验[J].农业机械学报.2001(6)
[9]刘成,何耘.泵站前池进水流态及泥沙淤积的试验研究[J].水泵技术,1997(3)
[10]朱满林.泵站正向前池进水池试验研究[J].陕西机械学院学报,1997(7)
[11]罗缙等.侧向进水泵站前池优化设计与减淤研究[J].水泵技术2004(1)
[12]丘传忻等.侧向进水前池的流态分析及其对水泵性能的影响[J].中国给水排水,1991(7)
[13]严忠民等.侧向进水前池水流特性的试验研究[J].河海大学学报,1991(19)
[14]戴红霞.城市排水泵站侧向进水前池流态的研究[J].湖北民族学院学报,2005
[15]宋静.城市污水泵站前池流态改善措施的研究[J].江苏农机化,2005(1)
[16]谢省宗等.惠南庄泵站前池流道模型试验研究.南水北调与水利科技,2005(8)
[17]罗缙等.火(核)电站循环水泵房前池水力模型试验研究[J].河海大学学报,2000(9)
[18]徐高田,韦鹤平.上海污水治理二期工程南线 A#泵站前池水力模型试验研究[J].中国给水排水,1997(6)
[19]胡明,蔡付林,章恒全.台州电厂循环水泵前池泥沙淤积模型试验研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2002(4)
[20]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.9
[21]周济人等.大型泵站前池水流流态模拟[J].水利水电技术,1996(9)
[22]梁爱国等.泵站进水前池三维水流数值模拟.水泵技术,2008(3)
[23]周龙才等.泵站正向进水前池流态的数值模拟.排灌机械,第22卷第1期
[24]韩旭.泵站引河前池流态三维数值模拟研究.学位论文,2008
[25]吉庆丰等.泵站前池流态的数值模拟[J].灌溉排水,2001(3)
[26]屈磊飞,王林锁,陈松山.闸站枢纽进水前池三维流动计算与研究[J].排灌机械,第23卷第4 期
[27]Rajendran, V. P, Constantinescu S. G, Patel V. C., Experimental Validation of Numerical Model of Flow in Pump-Intake Bays, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,125 (11):1119-1125
[28]Rajendran V.P. and Patel V. C. Measurment of vortices in model pump-intakebay by PIV. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000,126(5):322-334
[29]李大亮.开敞式进水池内部流动的3D-PIV试验研究.学位论文,2004.4
[30]李永等.水泵吸水池的改进和PIV试验验证.水力发电学报,2002(76)
[31]李小明等.水泵吸水池流场PIV分析.农业机械学报,2002(6)
[32]史小军等.利用PIV测试水槽流场的试验研究.安徽工业大学学报,2008(2)
[33]羌鑫梁.高淹没度下闸堰出流水力特性分析与数值模拟.学位论文,2009
[34]陈玉璞等.流体动力学.南京.河海大学出版社,1990
[35]于丽红.后置灯泡贯流泵装置进出水流道流态优化研究.学位论文,2008
[36]韩占忠.FLUENT实例与应用.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2004
[37]耿卫明.后轴流泵叶轮出口流场的3D-PIV测量.学位论文,2005
[38]Particle Image Velocimetry:Theory of Operation.TSI Company,1997
[39]D.F.Hill, K.V Shatp, R.J.Aarian, Stereoscopic PIV Measurements of the Flowaround Rushton Turbin, Experiments in Fluids29(2000)
[40]Yassin A, Hassan, Three-dimensional Measurements of Single BubbleDynamics in a Small Diameter Pipe Using Stereoscopic PIV.InternationalJournal of Multiphase Flow 27(2001):817-842
[41]赵阳.轴流泵叶轮出口与导叶轴向间隙内流场的3D-PIV测量.学位论文,2006
[42]张玮、王元、徐忠.粒子速度场仪用于叶轮机械内流测量的研究[J].机械工程学报,第38卷第7期,2002年7月
[43]Wernet M.P., Particle Displacement Tracking Applied to Air Flows. In:Fourth International Conference on Laser Anemometry, Cleveland, OH,1991
[44]V.Yakhot and S.A.Orszag. Renormalization group analysis of turbulence[J]. Journal of Scientific Computing. Vol.1. No.1,1986:3-5.
[45]V. Yakhot, S. A. Orszag et al. Development of turbulence models for shear flows by double expansion technique[J]. Phys.Fluids A,Vol.4,No.7,1992:1510
[46]程香菊等.阶梯溢流坝自由表面掺气特征数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展,2004,A,19(2)：152-157
[47]鲁俊.城市排水泵站前池整流技术CFD研究.学位论文,2006.3
[48]王雪丰.城市取水泵站前池整流技术数值模拟研究.学位论文,2007
[49]田艳,杨平,鲁俊.城市排水泵站前池流态的数值模拟研究.水泵技术,2008(4)
[50]泵站设计规范(GB／T 50265-97).中国计划出版社.1997
[51]华东水利学院,模型试验量测技术,水利电力出版社,1984年11月
[52]李长城,张晓元.金口泵站侧向引水渠改造措施研究.湖南水利水电,2000(3)：3-5.
[53]Igor J Kdrassik William C, Krutxsch, et al. Pump Handbook. R R Donnelley&Sons Company, 1986
[54]WeiWen-Li, JinZhong-qing. Numerical Solution for Unsteady2-DFlow Using the Trans-formed Shallow Water Equations, Journal of Hydrodynamics, SerB,1995,7(3)
[55]Launder B E, Spalding D B. The numerical calculation of turbulence flows. Comp. Meth. Appl. Eng,1974(3)
[56]Yakhot V, Orszag S A. Renormalization group analysis of turbulence, basic theory. Journal of Scientific Computing,1986,1(1)
[57]Felix A. Muggli, Peter Holbein, et al. CFD calculation of a mixed flow pump characteristic from shutoff to maximum Flow. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering,2002,124
[58]Pallavi Kharade, Advanced and conventional technologies in power station pumping systems, WORLD PUMPS 2004(7)
[59]John. M., Caroll Jr, Verification of WASURO (sing the Puerto Nuero Physical Model Study Results. Hydraulic Engineering,1987, p1055-1060
[60]J. B. Vos. The Development of A Computational Model for A 2- D Turbulent Flow[R].1984
[2]印超.泵站前池流态改善三维数值模拟研究.学位论文,2007
[3]田家山.给、排水泵站进水流态紊乱的危害与对策.河海大学学报[J].1998(2).
[4]徐辉等.泵站有压前池流态改善措施的研究.排灌机械,第21卷第4期
[5]徐辉等.大型污水泵站前池进水流态的研究.给水排水,1995(4)
[5]成立等.联合运行泵站前池优化数值模拟研究.灌溉排水,2002,21(3)
[6]成立等.泵站前池低坝整流数值模拟研究[J].河海大学学报,Vol.29,No.3,2001
[7]孙永明,陈宝华.梅梁湖泵站进水引渠水工模型试验研究[J].江苏水利,2007(3)
[8]刘超,成立,汤方平.水泵站前池三维流动计算和试验[J].农业机械学报.2001(6)
[9]刘成,何耘.泵站前池进水流态及泥沙淤积的试验研究[J].水泵技术,1997(3)
[10]朱满林.泵站正向前池进水池试验研究[J].陕西机械学院学报,1997(7)
[11]罗缙等.侧向进水泵站前池优化设计与减淤研究[J].水泵技术2004(1)
[12]丘传忻等.侧向进水前池的流态分析及其对水泵性能的影响[J].中国给水排水,1991(7)
[13]严忠民等.侧向进水前池水流特性的试验研究[J].河海大学学报,1991(19)
[14]戴红霞.城市排水泵站侧向进水前池流态的研究[J].湖北民族学院学报,2005
[15]宋静.城市污水泵站前池流态改善措施的研究[J].江苏农机化,2005(1)
[16]谢省宗等.惠南庄泵站前池流道模型试验研究.南水北调与水利科技,2005(8)
[17]罗缙等.火(核)电站循环水泵房前池水力模型试验研究[J].河海大学学报,2000(9)
[18]徐高田,韦鹤平.上海污水治理二期工程南线 A#泵站前池水力模型试验研究[J].中国给水排水,1997(6)
[19]胡明,蔡付林,章恒全.台州电厂循环水泵前池泥沙淤积模型试验研究[J].水利水电科技进展,2002(4)
[20]王福军.计算流体动力学分析-CFD软件原理与应用.北京：清华大学出版社,2004.9
[21]周济人等.大型泵站前池水流流态模拟[J].水利水电技术,1996(9)
[22]梁爱国等.泵站进水前池三维水流数值模拟.水泵技术,2008(3)
[23]周龙才等.泵站正向进水前池流态的数值模拟.排灌机械,第22卷第1期
[24]韩旭.泵站引河前池流态三维数值模拟研究.学位论文,2008
[25]吉庆丰等.泵站前池流态的数值模拟[J].灌溉排水,2001(3)
[26]屈磊飞,王林锁,陈松山.闸站枢纽进水前池三维流动计算与研究[J].排灌机械,第23卷第4 期
[27]Rajendran, V. P, Constantinescu S. G, Patel V. C., Experimental Validation of Numerical Model of Flow in Pump-Intake Bays, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,1999,125 (11):1119-1125
[28]Rajendran V.P. and Patel V. C. Measurment of vortices in model pump-intakebay by PIV. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2000,126(5):322-334
[29]李大亮.开敞式进水池内部流动的3D-PIV试验研究.学位论文,2004.4
[30]李永等.水泵吸水池的改进和PIV试验验证.水力发电学报,2002(76)
[31]李小明等.水泵吸水池流场PIV分析.农业机械学报,2002(6)
[32]史小军等.利用PIV测试水槽流场的试验研究.安徽工业大学学报,2008(2)
[33]羌鑫梁.高淹没度下闸堰出流水力特性分析与数值模拟.学位论文,2009
[34]陈玉璞等.流体动力学.南京.河海大学出版社,1990
[35]于丽红.后置灯泡贯流泵装置进出水流道流态优化研究.学位论文,2008
[36]韩占忠.FLUENT实例与应用.北京：北京理工大学出版社,2004
[37]耿卫明.后轴流泵叶轮出口流场的3D-PIV测量.学位论文,2005
[38]Particle Image Velocimetry:Theory of Operation.TSI Company,1997
[39]D.F.Hill, K.V Shatp, R.J.Aarian, Stereoscopic PIV Measurements of the Flowaround Rushton Turbin, Experiments in Fluids29(2000)
[40]Yassin A, Hassan, Three-dimensional Measurements of Single BubbleDynamics in a Small Diameter Pipe Using Stereoscopic PIV.InternationalJournal of Multiphase Flow 27(2001):817-842
[41]赵阳.轴流泵叶轮出口与导叶轴向间隙内流场的3D-PIV测量.学位论文,2006
[42]张玮、王元、徐忠.粒子速度场仪用于叶轮机械内流测量的研究[J].机械工程学报,第38卷第7期,2002年7月
[43]Wernet M.P., Particle Displacement Tracking Applied to Air Flows. In:Fourth International Conference on Laser Anemometry, Cleveland, OH,1991
[44]V.Yakhot and S.A.Orszag. Renormalization group analysis of turbulence[J]. Journal of Scientific Computing. Vol.1. No.1,1986:3-5.
[45]V. Yakhot, S. A. Orszag et al. Development of turbulence models for shear flows by double expansion technique[J]. Phys.Fluids A,Vol.4,No.7,1992:1510
[46]程香菊等.阶梯溢流坝自由表面掺气特征数值模拟[J].水动力学研究与进展,2004,A,19(2)：152-157
[47]鲁俊.城市排水泵站前池整流技术CFD研究.学位论文,2006.3
[48]王雪丰.城市取水泵站前池整流技术数值模拟研究.学位论文,2007
[49]田艳,杨平,鲁俊.城市排水泵站前池流态的数值模拟研究.水泵技术,2008(4)
[50]泵站设计规范(GB／T 50265-97).中国计划出版社.1997
[51]华东水利学院,模型试验量测技术,水利电力出版社,1984年11月
[52]李长城,张晓元.金口泵站侧向引水渠改造措施研究.湖南水利水电,2000(3)：3-5.
[53]Igor J Kdrassik William C, Krutxsch, et al. Pump Handbook. R R Donnelley&Sons Company, 1986
[54]WeiWen-Li, JinZhong-qing. Numerical Solution for Unsteady2-DFlow Using the Trans-formed Shallow Water Equations, Journal of Hydrodynamics, SerB,1995,7(3)
[55]Launder B E, Spalding D B. The numerical calculation of turbulence flows. Comp. Meth. Appl. Eng,1974(3)
[56]Yakhot V, Orszag S A. Renormalization group analysis of turbulence, basic theory. Journal of Scientific Computing,1986,1(1)
[57]Felix A. Muggli, Peter Holbein, et al. CFD calculation of a mixed flow pump characteristic from shutoff to maximum Flow. ASME Journal of Fluids Engineering,2002,124
[58]Pallavi Kharade, Advanced and conventional technologies in power station pumping systems, WORLD PUMPS 2004(7)
[59]John. M., Caroll Jr, Verification of WASURO (sing the Puerto Nuero Physical Model Study Results. Hydraulic Engineering,1987, p1055-1060
[60]J. B. Vos. The Development of A Computational Model for A 2- D Turbulent Flow[R].1984