淄博城区土壤及街道灰尘重金属地球化学研究
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摘要
对淄博市城市土壤及街道灰尘中的重金属元素污染状况进行调查,对重金属污染元素的赋存形态及其潜在的生态危害进行研究和评价,结果如下:
1、淄博城区土壤中受到污染的元素有:Ba、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mo、Ni、P、Pb、Sb、Sr等元素;其中污染较严重的元素有Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg;污染程度最大的元素是Cd。
淄博市城区街道灰尘中典型的污染元素有Hg、Ca、P、Cd、Cu、Mo、Pb、Sb、Zn等元素。其中Hg、Ca这两种元素污染程度最为严重。
2、对淄博市城市土壤中重金属污染元素污染程度采用尼梅罗综合污染指数法进行评价。淄博市各区域土壤重金属尼梅罗综合污染指数值I>2的区域有:张店水泥厂附近路旁表土、张店山东铝业公司附近表土、博山公园表土、淄川留仙湖公园表土、沂源振兴街路旁表土。
3、与香港、纽约、伦敦等国际大城市的街道灰尘相比,淄博市的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属元素的污染程度相对较低,与西安市的街道灰尘相比,淄博市街道灰尘的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属元素的污染程度与西安市相差不大。
4、淄博市的城市街道灰尘中含量高于城市土壤中赋存的元素含量的元素有Ba、Cr、Cu、Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn、Fe、Mo、Ni、P、Sb、Sr等元素。灰尘中元素含量低于土壤中元素含量的有:Na2O、K2O、As、Mn、Ti、V、MgO等。灰尘中元素含量与土壤中元素含量几乎相等的元素有:U、Co、Th这三种元素。
5、对土壤与灰尘中重金属元素的赋存形态进行研究发现:Cd、Zn、Mn、Pb这几种元素具有较高的活性和生物可利用性。
The present situation of heavy metals in the city soils and road dusts of ZiBocity was investigated and evaluated. The existing forms and potential ecologicalharms of the heavy metals were studied .The results were showed as follows:
1. The soils of ZiBo city was polluted by : Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, P, Pb,Sb and Sr. The pollution of Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg are more serious and Cd is the mostserious.
The road dusts of ZiBo city was polluted by Hg, Ca,P, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sband Zn. Hg and Ca are the most serious.
2. Through Nemerow synthetic index assessment, it can be showed that :theareas whose nemerow synthetic index of soils are bigger than two are : the areabeside ZhangDian Cement Industry, the area beside Aluminium Industry ofShanDong , the domain of BoShan park and Liuxianhu park in ZiChuan ,the areabeside the ZhenXingJie road of YiYuan.
3. Compared with the big city of Hong Kong, NewYork and London, thepollution level of Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn of ZiBo city are lower than these big cities, butthey are close to the level of Xian city .
4. The heavy metal in road dusts whose level are higher than those in soilsare : Ba, Cr, Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb ,Zn Fe, Mo, Ni ,P, Sb and Sr.The metals whose levelare lower than those in soils are : Na2O, K2O, As, Mn, Ti ,V and MgO. U, Th andCo, these three metals are similarly in soils and in road dusts.
5. Cd, Zn, Mn and Pb whose levels are high in the former three forms whichis easy to transfer and transform and have the higher bioavailability.
1、淄博城区土壤中受到污染的元素有:Ba、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mo、Ni、P、Pb、Sb、Sr等元素;其中污染较严重的元素有Cu、Zn、Pb、Hg;污染程度最大的元素是Cd。
淄博市城区街道灰尘中典型的污染元素有Hg、Ca、P、Cd、Cu、Mo、Pb、Sb、Zn等元素。其中Hg、Ca这两种元素污染程度最为严重。
2、对淄博市城市土壤中重金属污染元素污染程度采用尼梅罗综合污染指数法进行评价。淄博市各区域土壤重金属尼梅罗综合污染指数值I>2的区域有:张店水泥厂附近路旁表土、张店山东铝业公司附近表土、博山公园表土、淄川留仙湖公园表土、沂源振兴街路旁表土。
3、与香港、纽约、伦敦等国际大城市的街道灰尘相比,淄博市的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属元素的污染程度相对较低,与西安市的街道灰尘相比,淄博市街道灰尘的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn等重金属元素的污染程度与西安市相差不大。
4、淄博市的城市街道灰尘中含量高于城市土壤中赋存的元素含量的元素有Ba、Cr、Cu、Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn、Fe、Mo、Ni、P、Sb、Sr等元素。灰尘中元素含量低于土壤中元素含量的有:Na2O、K2O、As、Mn、Ti、V、MgO等。灰尘中元素含量与土壤中元素含量几乎相等的元素有:U、Co、Th这三种元素。
5、对土壤与灰尘中重金属元素的赋存形态进行研究发现:Cd、Zn、Mn、Pb这几种元素具有较高的活性和生物可利用性。
The present situation of heavy metals in the city soils and road dusts of ZiBocity was investigated and evaluated. The existing forms and potential ecologicalharms of the heavy metals were studied .The results were showed as follows:
1. The soils of ZiBo city was polluted by : Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, P, Pb,Sb and Sr. The pollution of Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg are more serious and Cd is the mostserious.
The road dusts of ZiBo city was polluted by Hg, Ca,P, Cd, Cu, Mo, Pb, Sband Zn. Hg and Ca are the most serious.
2. Through Nemerow synthetic index assessment, it can be showed that :theareas whose nemerow synthetic index of soils are bigger than two are : the areabeside ZhangDian Cement Industry, the area beside Aluminium Industry ofShanDong , the domain of BoShan park and Liuxianhu park in ZiChuan ,the areabeside the ZhenXingJie road of YiYuan.
3. Compared with the big city of Hong Kong, NewYork and London, thepollution level of Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn of ZiBo city are lower than these big cities, butthey are close to the level of Xian city .
4. The heavy metal in road dusts whose level are higher than those in soilsare : Ba, Cr, Cu, Cd, Hg, Pb ,Zn Fe, Mo, Ni ,P, Sb and Sr.The metals whose levelare lower than those in soils are : Na2O, K2O, As, Mn, Ti ,V and MgO. U, Th andCo, these three metals are similarly in soils and in road dusts.
5. Cd, Zn, Mn and Pb whose levels are high in the former three forms whichis easy to transfer and transform and have the higher bioavailability.
引文
[1] 李佑国,房世波等,城市化进程中的南京市土壤重金属污染调查,四川师范大学学报,2004,27(1):93-96.
[2] Naim Sezgin, H.Kurtulus Ozcan etc., Determination of heavy metal concentrations in street dusts in Istanbul E-5highway,Environment International ,2003 (29):979-985.
[3] 王恩德,矫琚,城市化过程中的地球化学作用,资源产业,2002(6):52-56.
[4] 庞绪贵,姜相洪等,济南-济阳地区土壤地球化学特征,物探与化探,2004,28(3):253-256.
[5] 吴攀,刘丛强等,炼锌固体废渣中重金属(Pb,Zn)的存在状态及环境影响,地球化学,2003,32(2):139-145.
[6] 刘素美,张经,沉积物中重金属的归一化问题,东海海洋,1998,16(3):48-55.
[7] 杜俊民,朱赖民,张远辉,海洋沉积物重金属研究中的晶粒度与粒度效应,台湾海峡,2002,21(3):317-321.
[8] 毛振才,陈港泉等,土壤中多种微量元素的分析方法应用研究与环境及地球化学土壤标样定值的评述,分析测试技术与仪器,2002,8(3):139-146.
[9] 王毅民,王晓红等,地球科学中的现代分析技术,地球科学进展,2003,18(3):476-482.
[10] 王湘芹,孙惠凤,海洋沉积物中多种元素的 ICP 光谱分析,黄渤海海洋,2000,18(3):01~06.
[11] 陈道华,张欣,等离子体发射光谱法直接测定海洋沉积物中的微量稀土元素,岩矿测试,2003,22(1):61-63.
[12] 隆茜,张经等,海洋沉积物中多元素分析测定方法,东海海洋,2002,20(3):52-56.
[13] 丁振华,王文华,不同消解方法对土壤样品中汞含量测定的影响,生态环境,2003,12(1):1-3.
[14] 隆茜,张经,陆架区沉积物中重金属研究的基本方法及其应用,海洋湖沼通报, 2002,(11):3-25.
[15] 党志,刘丛强等,重金属化学活性评估方法准确性置疑,重庆环境化学,2002,24(1):46-48.
[16] 严健汉等,环境土壤学,华中师范大学出版社,1985(08)
[17] 党志,刘丛强等,矿区土壤中重金属活动性评估方法的研究进展,地球科学进展,2001,16(1):86-92.
[18] Lee Chan Hee ,Lee Hyun Koo, Hydrochemical monitoring and heavy metal contaminations at the Narim mine creek in the Sulcheon district Republic of Korea,.Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2001,(23):347-372.
[19] Mihaljeviě M, Poňaviè M, etc., A comparison of sequential extraction techniques for determining arsenic fractionation in synthetic mineral mixtures,Anal Bioanal Chem,2003,(377):723-729.
[20] 王贵,张丽洁,海湾河口沉积物重金属分布特征及形态研究,海洋地质动态,2002,18(12):1-5.
[21] 刘玉荣,党志等,几种萃取剂对土壤中重金属生物有效部分的萃取效果,土壤与环境,2002,11(3):245-247.
[22] 廖国礼,吴超等,铅锌矿山环境土壤重金属污染评价研究,湖南科技大学学报,2004,19(4):78-82.
[23] Tessier A, Campbell PGC, Bisson M .Anal Chem , 1979, (51):844-851.
[24] Dassenakis M, Andrianos H etc,.The use of various methods for the study of metal pollution in marine sediments the case of Euvoikos Gulf, Greece,Applied Geochemistry , 2003,(18):781-794.
[25] Galan E, Gomez-Ariza J.L., etc., Heavy metal partitioning in river sediments severely polluted by acid mine drainage in the Iberian Pyrite Belt,Applied Geochemistry, 2003,(18):409-421.
[26] Myung Chae Jung ,Heavy matal contamination of soils and waters in and around the Imcheon Au-Ag mine,Korea,Applied Geochemistry ,2001,(16):1369-1375.
[27] 马振东,张凌等,长江中游鄂东南铜矿集区土壤铜环境地球化学特征,地球化学,2002,31(1):91-96.
[28] 王学锋,杨艳琴,土壤-植物系统重金属形态分析和生物有效性研究进展,化工环保,2004,24(1):24-27.
[29] Lee Churl Gyu, Chon Hyo-Taek, etc., Heavy metal contamination in the vicinity of the Daduk Au-Ag-Pb-Zn MINE IN Korea,.Applied Geochemistry,2001, (16):1377-1386.
[30] 刘文长,马玲等,生态地球化学土壤样品元素形态分析方法研究,岩矿测试,2005,24(3):181-188.
[31] 杜佩轩,田晖等,城市灰尘概念、研究内容与方法,陕西地质,2004,(01):73-79.
[32] 田晖,刘连刚等,西安市灰尘来源探析,2002,14(1):23-26.
[33] Li, X., Poon, C. etc., Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in HongKong, Appl.Geochem, 2001,16:1361-1368.
[34] 刘崇洪,几种土壤质量评价方法的比较,干旱环境监测,1996,10(1):26-29.
[35] 杜佩轩,马智民等,城市灰尘污染及治理,城市问题,2004,(2):46-49.
[36] Narin and M soylak, 土耳其 Nigde 城街道灰尘中微量金属镍、铜、锰、镉和钴水平的检测, Trace Elements and Electrolytes, 1999,16(2):99-103.
[37] D.Varrica, G. Dongarra, etc., Inorganic geochemistry of roadway dust from the metropolitan area of Palermo, Italy,Environmental geology, 2003, (44):222-230.
[38] S.Charlesworth, M.Everett etc., A comparative study of heavy metal concentration and distribution in deposited street dusts in a large and a small urban area: Birmingham and Coventry, West MidlandsUK, Envirmental international, 2003,(29):563-573.
[39] Anju D.K, Banerjee, Heavy metal levels and solid phase speciation in street dusts of Delhi, India, Environmental Pollution, 2003, (123): 95-105.
[40] Shanju Xie, John A, etc., The organic matter content of street dust in Liverpool,UK, and its association with dust magnetic properties,Atmospheric Environment , 2000, (34):269-275.
[41] 杜佩轩,田晖等,城市灰尘粒径组成及环境效应——以西安市为例,岩石矿物学杂志,2004, 21(1): 93-98.
[42] J.LOREDO,A .ORDó?EZ, etc., Influence of industry on the geochemical urban environment of Mieres (Spain) and associated health risk, Environmental Geochemistry and Health , 2003,(25):307-323.
[43] Shanju Xie, John A.Dearing, etc., Association between the organic matter content and magnetic properties in street dust ,Liverpool, UK,The Science of Total Environment, 1999,(241):205-214.
[44] 魏复盛,陈静生等,中国土壤环境背景值研究,环境科学,1991,12(4),12-19.
[2] Naim Sezgin, H.Kurtulus Ozcan etc., Determination of heavy metal concentrations in street dusts in Istanbul E-5highway,Environment International ,2003 (29):979-985.
[3] 王恩德,矫琚,城市化过程中的地球化学作用,资源产业,2002(6):52-56.
[4] 庞绪贵,姜相洪等,济南-济阳地区土壤地球化学特征,物探与化探,2004,28(3):253-256.
[5] 吴攀,刘丛强等,炼锌固体废渣中重金属(Pb,Zn)的存在状态及环境影响,地球化学,2003,32(2):139-145.
[6] 刘素美,张经,沉积物中重金属的归一化问题,东海海洋,1998,16(3):48-55.
[7] 杜俊民,朱赖民,张远辉,海洋沉积物重金属研究中的晶粒度与粒度效应,台湾海峡,2002,21(3):317-321.
[8] 毛振才,陈港泉等,土壤中多种微量元素的分析方法应用研究与环境及地球化学土壤标样定值的评述,分析测试技术与仪器,2002,8(3):139-146.
[9] 王毅民,王晓红等,地球科学中的现代分析技术,地球科学进展,2003,18(3):476-482.
[10] 王湘芹,孙惠凤,海洋沉积物中多种元素的 ICP 光谱分析,黄渤海海洋,2000,18(3):01~06.
[11] 陈道华,张欣,等离子体发射光谱法直接测定海洋沉积物中的微量稀土元素,岩矿测试,2003,22(1):61-63.
[12] 隆茜,张经等,海洋沉积物中多元素分析测定方法,东海海洋,2002,20(3):52-56.
[13] 丁振华,王文华,不同消解方法对土壤样品中汞含量测定的影响,生态环境,2003,12(1):1-3.
[14] 隆茜,张经,陆架区沉积物中重金属研究的基本方法及其应用,海洋湖沼通报, 2002,(11):3-25.
[15] 党志,刘丛强等,重金属化学活性评估方法准确性置疑,重庆环境化学,2002,24(1):46-48.
[16] 严健汉等,环境土壤学,华中师范大学出版社,1985(08)
[17] 党志,刘丛强等,矿区土壤中重金属活动性评估方法的研究进展,地球科学进展,2001,16(1):86-92.
[18] Lee Chan Hee ,Lee Hyun Koo, Hydrochemical monitoring and heavy metal contaminations at the Narim mine creek in the Sulcheon district Republic of Korea,.Environmental Geochemistry and Health,2001,(23):347-372.
[19] Mihaljeviě M, Poňaviè M, etc., A comparison of sequential extraction techniques for determining arsenic fractionation in synthetic mineral mixtures,Anal Bioanal Chem,2003,(377):723-729.
[20] 王贵,张丽洁,海湾河口沉积物重金属分布特征及形态研究,海洋地质动态,2002,18(12):1-5.
[21] 刘玉荣,党志等,几种萃取剂对土壤中重金属生物有效部分的萃取效果,土壤与环境,2002,11(3):245-247.
[22] 廖国礼,吴超等,铅锌矿山环境土壤重金属污染评价研究,湖南科技大学学报,2004,19(4):78-82.
[23] Tessier A, Campbell PGC, Bisson M .Anal Chem , 1979, (51):844-851.
[24] Dassenakis M, Andrianos H etc,.The use of various methods for the study of metal pollution in marine sediments the case of Euvoikos Gulf, Greece,Applied Geochemistry , 2003,(18):781-794.
[25] Galan E, Gomez-Ariza J.L., etc., Heavy metal partitioning in river sediments severely polluted by acid mine drainage in the Iberian Pyrite Belt,Applied Geochemistry, 2003,(18):409-421.
[26] Myung Chae Jung ,Heavy matal contamination of soils and waters in and around the Imcheon Au-Ag mine,Korea,Applied Geochemistry ,2001,(16):1369-1375.
[27] 马振东,张凌等,长江中游鄂东南铜矿集区土壤铜环境地球化学特征,地球化学,2002,31(1):91-96.
[28] 王学锋,杨艳琴,土壤-植物系统重金属形态分析和生物有效性研究进展,化工环保,2004,24(1):24-27.
[29] Lee Churl Gyu, Chon Hyo-Taek, etc., Heavy metal contamination in the vicinity of the Daduk Au-Ag-Pb-Zn MINE IN Korea,.Applied Geochemistry,2001, (16):1377-1386.
[30] 刘文长,马玲等,生态地球化学土壤样品元素形态分析方法研究,岩矿测试,2005,24(3):181-188.
[31] 杜佩轩,田晖等,城市灰尘概念、研究内容与方法,陕西地质,2004,(01):73-79.
[32] 田晖,刘连刚等,西安市灰尘来源探析,2002,14(1):23-26.
[33] Li, X., Poon, C. etc., Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in HongKong, Appl.Geochem, 2001,16:1361-1368.
[34] 刘崇洪,几种土壤质量评价方法的比较,干旱环境监测,1996,10(1):26-29.
[35] 杜佩轩,马智民等,城市灰尘污染及治理,城市问题,2004,(2):46-49.
[36] Narin and M soylak, 土耳其 Nigde 城街道灰尘中微量金属镍、铜、锰、镉和钴水平的检测, Trace Elements and Electrolytes, 1999,16(2):99-103.
[37] D.Varrica, G. Dongarra, etc., Inorganic geochemistry of roadway dust from the metropolitan area of Palermo, Italy,Environmental geology, 2003, (44):222-230.
[38] S.Charlesworth, M.Everett etc., A comparative study of heavy metal concentration and distribution in deposited street dusts in a large and a small urban area: Birmingham and Coventry, West MidlandsUK, Envirmental international, 2003,(29):563-573.
[39] Anju D.K, Banerjee, Heavy metal levels and solid phase speciation in street dusts of Delhi, India, Environmental Pollution, 2003, (123): 95-105.
[40] Shanju Xie, John A, etc., The organic matter content of street dust in Liverpool,UK, and its association with dust magnetic properties,Atmospheric Environment , 2000, (34):269-275.
[41] 杜佩轩,田晖等,城市灰尘粒径组成及环境效应——以西安市为例,岩石矿物学杂志,2004, 21(1): 93-98.
[42] J.LOREDO,A .ORDó?EZ, etc., Influence of industry on the geochemical urban environment of Mieres (Spain) and associated health risk, Environmental Geochemistry and Health , 2003,(25):307-323.
[43] Shanju Xie, John A.Dearing, etc., Association between the organic matter content and magnetic properties in street dust ,Liverpool, UK,The Science of Total Environment, 1999,(241):205-214.
[44] 魏复盛,陈静生等,中国土壤环境背景值研究,环境科学,1991,12(4),12-19.