SOA架构下城市规划地理信息系统的研究与实现
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摘要
城市规划地理信息系统(Urban Planning GIS)是地理信息系统(GIS)的重要组成部分,是随着信息社会发展的客观需要而迅速兴起的利用计算机和信息工程技术对城市空间信息和属性数据进行采集、存储、管理、分析、应用和维护更新的综合性系统技术,它为城市的规划、建设和管理提供了定量化、科学化的技术手段和方法,并为决策提供辅助支持。
90年代中期以来,我国许多城市投入了大量的人力物力,在城市规划地理信息系统方面做了很多有益的探索,总结积累了许多有用的实践经验。但是,众所周知,目前地理信息系统的发展依赖大量为满足功能或服务需要的“软件组件”,如:GIS、DSS、OA、CAD等一系列应用中间组件,但其间却往往缺少关联和通信,各自为政,相对封闭,导致信息“孤岛”现象严重,而这些组件又恰恰是GIS系统不可放弃的重要组成部分。
随着Web服务及相关技术的迅速发展,GIS应用也逐步过渡到以Web服务为基础的面向服务的体系结构(SOA)之上。SOA是一个组件模型,它将应用程序的不同功能单元(称为服务)通过这些服务之间定义良好的接口和契约联系起来。接口是采用中立的方式进行定义的,它应该独立于实现服务的硬件平台、操作系统和编程语言。这使得构建在各种这样的系统中的服务可以以一种统一和通用的方式进行交互。
采用SOA这种方法构建的分布式GIS应用程序可以将功能作为服务交付给终端用户,也可以构建其他的GIS服务。面向服务的体系结构可以基于Web服务,但是它也可能改为使用其他的技术来代替。在使用SOA设计分布式应用程序时,开发人员可以将Web服务的使用从简单的客户端——服务器模型扩展成任意复杂的系统。
本文根据软件领域技术发展趋势及业界对GIS系统快速、灵活、多变、安全的业务集成等方面日益增长的要求,提出了将Web服务复合技术作为行业用户业务应用集成技术,在此基础上以SOA架构来改造原有传统高成本GIS的集成模式,从而实现松散耦合的城市规划地理信息系统的应用支撑平台。
本文的主要研究工作如下:
1) 分析城市规划地理信息系统的发展和在我国城市规划管理中的应用现状,指出如何在面向服务的体系结构上实现灵活多变的GIS业务集成是目前迫切需要解决的一个主要问题。
2) 讨论了软件开发趋势,分析了SOA的基本概念和技术概念,提出了基于SOA架构的城市规划地理信息系统应用支撑平台概念。然后介绍了平台的功能层次模型,并且对平台的体系结构和服务框架做了初步的阐述,最后提出了在此应用支撑平台下几种
The Urban Planning Geographical Information System is one of the important components of the GIS, is it gather with computer and information engineering to urban spatial information and attribute datum to be risen rapidly with desirability of the information social development, store, manage, analysis, use and safeguard newer comprehensive systematic technology, it has offered ration, scientific technological means and method for planning, building and managing of the city, offer auxiliary support for making policy.Since middle period of the 1990s, a lot of cities in our country put into a large amount of manpower and materials, have done a lot of beneficial exploration in GIS of the urban planning, have summarized and accumulated a lot of useful practical experience. However, as everyone knows, the development of the GIS relies on " software component" of the need in order to meet the function or serve in a large amount at present, for instance: Such a series of as GIS, DSS, OA, CAD, etc. use the middle components, but it is related with communication to often lack during that time, cause the phenomenon of" Information Island " of information to be serious, but these components are important parts that GIS systems can't be given up exactly.With web services and relevant rapid development of technology, GIS application carries out the transition progressively to SOA based on the web services. SOA is a component model; it links up through defining between these services good interface and agreement the different functions unit of the application program. The interface is defined by the neutral method; it should be independent of the hardware platform, operating system and programming language realizing services. This makes it build in various kinds of such service of the system can unified and in common use way to carry out mutual.The method of adopting SOA to structure the distributed GIS application program can pay to the end user the function to regard as services, can structure other GIS services too. SOA can based on the web services, but it can change into and use other technology to replace too. While using SOA to design the distributed application program, the developer may expand the use that web services into a wanton and complicated system from simple client to server model.For the technology development trend in software field and the demand of fast, flexible, changeable, safe about GIS business integration that increase day by day, this thesis has served the technology of web services composition to regard as the key technology of business integration for GIS trade user. It builds up integrated mode that the transformation has traditional expensive GIS originally with SOA on this basis, thus realize the loose coupling supports platform for application of the urban planning GIS.The main research work of this thesis as follow:1) This thesis analyzes the development of the urban planning GIS and application current situation in our country's urban planning management, point out it is a subject
matter needing to solve urgently at present how to realize flexible and changeable GIS business integration with SO A.2) The thesis has discussed the software development trend, has analyzed the basic conception of SO A and served the concept of the supports platform for application of the urban planning GIS built up on the basis of SOA. Then introduced the function model of this platform and has done preliminary exposition to system structure and service framework of this platform. Finally, it put forward several kinds of feasible services realize the norm under this platform.3) The thesis has made concrete exposition and studied in the key technology of realizing the supporting platform, and the technological foundation on web services: SOAP, WSDL, UDDI have been discussed deeply.4) The thesis, through the research of the supporting platform and discussion of key technology to the urban planning GIS that is built up on the basis of SOA, combine the own characteristic of the urban planning GIS, and on this basis, begin to develop actually, progressively thinning. The thesis put forward a prototype system about ChangPing SOA-GIS. It makes beneficial exploration and try with urban planning GIS to build up among design and course that realize of system.The urban planning GIS built up on the basis of SOA is still a brand-new research field, the research and development of the integrated technology of GIS business under SOA framework will all bring the great impact to traditional GIS technology, the application of every aspect in traditional GIS will all exert a far-reaching influence. This thesis combines the digital concrete development situation of using the project of ChangPing on the basis of the thing that the theory is analyzed, have carried on the discussion and research to the necessity and feasibility which set up the urban planning GIS under SOA framework, try to design and develop the urban planning GIS of ChangPing Town.Practice indicates, the supporting platform of urban planning GIS on the basis of SOA is the extremely good solution to overcome problems of present digital urban construction and integration from the theory and technology, to that the similar city in the future develops the GIS of the urban planning have certain reference meanings.
90年代中期以来,我国许多城市投入了大量的人力物力,在城市规划地理信息系统方面做了很多有益的探索,总结积累了许多有用的实践经验。但是,众所周知,目前地理信息系统的发展依赖大量为满足功能或服务需要的“软件组件”,如:GIS、DSS、OA、CAD等一系列应用中间组件,但其间却往往缺少关联和通信,各自为政,相对封闭,导致信息“孤岛”现象严重,而这些组件又恰恰是GIS系统不可放弃的重要组成部分。
随着Web服务及相关技术的迅速发展,GIS应用也逐步过渡到以Web服务为基础的面向服务的体系结构(SOA)之上。SOA是一个组件模型,它将应用程序的不同功能单元(称为服务)通过这些服务之间定义良好的接口和契约联系起来。接口是采用中立的方式进行定义的,它应该独立于实现服务的硬件平台、操作系统和编程语言。这使得构建在各种这样的系统中的服务可以以一种统一和通用的方式进行交互。
采用SOA这种方法构建的分布式GIS应用程序可以将功能作为服务交付给终端用户,也可以构建其他的GIS服务。面向服务的体系结构可以基于Web服务,但是它也可能改为使用其他的技术来代替。在使用SOA设计分布式应用程序时,开发人员可以将Web服务的使用从简单的客户端——服务器模型扩展成任意复杂的系统。
本文根据软件领域技术发展趋势及业界对GIS系统快速、灵活、多变、安全的业务集成等方面日益增长的要求,提出了将Web服务复合技术作为行业用户业务应用集成技术,在此基础上以SOA架构来改造原有传统高成本GIS的集成模式,从而实现松散耦合的城市规划地理信息系统的应用支撑平台。
本文的主要研究工作如下:
1) 分析城市规划地理信息系统的发展和在我国城市规划管理中的应用现状,指出如何在面向服务的体系结构上实现灵活多变的GIS业务集成是目前迫切需要解决的一个主要问题。
2) 讨论了软件开发趋势,分析了SOA的基本概念和技术概念,提出了基于SOA架构的城市规划地理信息系统应用支撑平台概念。然后介绍了平台的功能层次模型,并且对平台的体系结构和服务框架做了初步的阐述,最后提出了在此应用支撑平台下几种
The Urban Planning Geographical Information System is one of the important components of the GIS, is it gather with computer and information engineering to urban spatial information and attribute datum to be risen rapidly with desirability of the information social development, store, manage, analysis, use and safeguard newer comprehensive systematic technology, it has offered ration, scientific technological means and method for planning, building and managing of the city, offer auxiliary support for making policy.Since middle period of the 1990s, a lot of cities in our country put into a large amount of manpower and materials, have done a lot of beneficial exploration in GIS of the urban planning, have summarized and accumulated a lot of useful practical experience. However, as everyone knows, the development of the GIS relies on " software component" of the need in order to meet the function or serve in a large amount at present, for instance: Such a series of as GIS, DSS, OA, CAD, etc. use the middle components, but it is related with communication to often lack during that time, cause the phenomenon of" Information Island " of information to be serious, but these components are important parts that GIS systems can't be given up exactly.With web services and relevant rapid development of technology, GIS application carries out the transition progressively to SOA based on the web services. SOA is a component model; it links up through defining between these services good interface and agreement the different functions unit of the application program. The interface is defined by the neutral method; it should be independent of the hardware platform, operating system and programming language realizing services. This makes it build in various kinds of such service of the system can unified and in common use way to carry out mutual.The method of adopting SOA to structure the distributed GIS application program can pay to the end user the function to regard as services, can structure other GIS services too. SOA can based on the web services, but it can change into and use other technology to replace too. While using SOA to design the distributed application program, the developer may expand the use that web services into a wanton and complicated system from simple client to server model.For the technology development trend in software field and the demand of fast, flexible, changeable, safe about GIS business integration that increase day by day, this thesis has served the technology of web services composition to regard as the key technology of business integration for GIS trade user. It builds up integrated mode that the transformation has traditional expensive GIS originally with SOA on this basis, thus realize the loose coupling supports platform for application of the urban planning GIS.The main research work of this thesis as follow:1) This thesis analyzes the development of the urban planning GIS and application current situation in our country's urban planning management, point out it is a subject
matter needing to solve urgently at present how to realize flexible and changeable GIS business integration with SO A.2) The thesis has discussed the software development trend, has analyzed the basic conception of SO A and served the concept of the supports platform for application of the urban planning GIS built up on the basis of SOA. Then introduced the function model of this platform and has done preliminary exposition to system structure and service framework of this platform. Finally, it put forward several kinds of feasible services realize the norm under this platform.3) The thesis has made concrete exposition and studied in the key technology of realizing the supporting platform, and the technological foundation on web services: SOAP, WSDL, UDDI have been discussed deeply.4) The thesis, through the research of the supporting platform and discussion of key technology to the urban planning GIS that is built up on the basis of SOA, combine the own characteristic of the urban planning GIS, and on this basis, begin to develop actually, progressively thinning. The thesis put forward a prototype system about ChangPing SOA-GIS. It makes beneficial exploration and try with urban planning GIS to build up among design and course that realize of system.The urban planning GIS built up on the basis of SOA is still a brand-new research field, the research and development of the integrated technology of GIS business under SOA framework will all bring the great impact to traditional GIS technology, the application of every aspect in traditional GIS will all exert a far-reaching influence. This thesis combines the digital concrete development situation of using the project of ChangPing on the basis of the thing that the theory is analyzed, have carried on the discussion and research to the necessity and feasibility which set up the urban planning GIS under SOA framework, try to design and develop the urban planning GIS of ChangPing Town.Practice indicates, the supporting platform of urban planning GIS on the basis of SOA is the extremely good solution to overcome problems of present digital urban construction and integration from the theory and technology, to that the similar city in the future develops the GIS of the urban planning have certain reference meanings.
引文
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2.陈述鹏,鲁学军,周成虎,地理信息系统导论,北京:科学出版社,1999
3.承继成,林挥,周成虎等,数字地球导论 北京:科学出版社,2000
4.宋关福,钟耳顺,王尔琪,WebGIS-基于Internet的地理信息系统 中国图像图形学报,1998.3
5.赵需生,杨崇俊,Web-GIS的设计与实现,中国图象图形学报,2000.5(1)
6.王兴玲,杨崇俊,刘冬林,XML与新一代WebGIS系统的构建,计算机工程与应用 2002.12
7.王超,张鹏,ASP.Net/XML深入编程技术,北京希望电子出版社,2002
8.李明禄,曹健,饶若楠,唐飞龙,钱琦等,基于Web Services的应用集成技术研究,计算机应用研究,2003,16(9)
9.王继梅,金连甫,Web服务安全问题研究和解决,计算机应用与软件,2004.21(2)
10.李朋,张景,XML Web Services在电子办公中的应用,计算机工程与应用,2004.40(3)
11.张大陆,刘畅,Web服务语义描述的架构,计算机工程,2004.30(2)
12.罗荣良,朱勇,基于模型驱动架构的Web Services应用开发,计算机应用与软件,2004.21(1)
13.秦天保,白庆华,Web服务在B2B电子商务中的应用,计算机应用研究,2004.21(1)
14.张忠林,Web服务与随需应变的电子商务,南京理工大学学报,社会科学版,2003.16(4)
15.赵晨霞,郭世民,Web服务及其在电子商务中的应用,生产力研究,2003(5)
16.刘勇,宋继斌,应用SOAP实现.NET XML Web服务,人民邮电出版社,2002年第1版
17.杜宗霞,怀进鹏,组合Web Services支撑系统的研究与实现,北京航空航天大学学报,2003.29(10)
18.翟裕忠,WebSphere环境下的Web服务开发技术,世界图书出版公司北京公司,2002年第1版
19.田罗英伟,汪小林,许卓群,分布式WebGIS构件化研究,计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(8)
20.王兴玲,基于XML的地理信息Web服务研究,中科院遥感所博士论文,2002,6
21.韦银星,张申生等,企业应用集成技术研究,计算机集成制造系统-CIMS,2002年08期:593-596
22.Matjaz B.juri等著,袁然等译,J2EE EAI编程指南,电子工业出版社 2002.09.01版
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