旅游型村镇建成环境的微气候研究
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摘要
随着我国城市化发展的推进,在市场经济的巨大推动下,城镇化建设和农村集中居住区的建设使得城镇的建成环境越来越受到关注。旅游型村镇建设正是带动第三产业发展的支柱性内容,而旅游型村镇内建成环境的微气候更是直接与人民的生活、生产息息相关。本文针对这一类型村镇系统进行了实地调研和实测,并通过数值模拟软件对旅游型村镇建成环境的微气候进行了模拟和验证,最终总结和提出了适宜这一类型村镇内街道、建筑院落、绿植、水体的微气候策略。
旅游型村镇建成环境的微气候实测内容包括街道界面朝向及街道走向实测、街道内绿植及街道形式实测、建筑围合院落实测、建成环境内绿植及水体实测。-笔者主要通过夏季、冬季的实测内容,分析实测数据的曲线变化。在成都市郫县农科村进行实测期间,笔者对街道几何形、绿植尺度以及下垫面地形进行了系统的测绘,为实测研究和接下来的数值模拟提供了重要的支撑。
村镇建成环境以农科村为例的微气候数值模拟中,通过ENVI-met数值模拟软件对实测地点所选区域进行了数值模拟,对实测值与模拟值进行了数值校验。在模拟中充分考虑了大气湍流、土壤热工性能、绿化和空气的蒸发、蒸腾以及显热交换等耦合作用,利用软件内的数学编程参数,计算其物理属性从而得到比较可靠的微气候模拟分析。同时,笔者对软件自带的绿化植物种类、下垫面构造以及水体形式进行了敏感性分析,从而得到在湿热气候条件下进行微环境模拟时,提高软件的模拟精度、最佳边界条件类型、垂直网格形式,以便适用于湿热地区景观绿化量变分析的植物种类、材料及构造。
Along with the advancement of urbanization development in our country,under the huge push of market economy,urbanization and rural residential construction makes the urban built environment become more and more attention.Tourist type towns construction is driving the development of the third industry the backbone of content, towns within the built environment of micro climate is directly related to people's life and production, this paper has carried on the on-the-spot investigation and measurement,and through the numerical simulation software to type tourist towns built environment microclimate simulation and verification,finally summarizes the micro climate strategy of village environment.
Type tourism towns built environment of the micro climate test content including towards street interface and street towards the streets, streets, green plant and form on measured the yard, the built environment, building envelopes in green plants and water test. Agricultural village in chengdu PI county was measured during the period, the author of street geometry, green plant scale and underlying surface topography has carried on the system of surveying and mapping, for the experimental study and numerical simulation provides an important support.
towns built environment to as an example of numerical simulation of micro climate, through the numerical simulation software ENVI-met to the measured location selected area are simulated, the numerical simulation value and the measured values, and calibration. Full consideration in the simulation of the atmospheric turbulence, the soil thermal properties, greening and air evaporation, transpiration, and sensible heat coupling, such as using mathematical programming software within the parameter, the calculation of its physical property and the micro climate more reliable simulation analysis. At the same time, the software comes with greening plant species, underlying surface structure and water form the sensitivity analysis, obtained in hot and humid climate environment simulation, the software of the simulation accuracy, the best type of boundary condition, the vertical grid form and etc.
旅游型村镇建成环境的微气候实测内容包括街道界面朝向及街道走向实测、街道内绿植及街道形式实测、建筑围合院落实测、建成环境内绿植及水体实测。-笔者主要通过夏季、冬季的实测内容,分析实测数据的曲线变化。在成都市郫县农科村进行实测期间,笔者对街道几何形、绿植尺度以及下垫面地形进行了系统的测绘,为实测研究和接下来的数值模拟提供了重要的支撑。
村镇建成环境以农科村为例的微气候数值模拟中,通过ENVI-met数值模拟软件对实测地点所选区域进行了数值模拟,对实测值与模拟值进行了数值校验。在模拟中充分考虑了大气湍流、土壤热工性能、绿化和空气的蒸发、蒸腾以及显热交换等耦合作用,利用软件内的数学编程参数,计算其物理属性从而得到比较可靠的微气候模拟分析。同时,笔者对软件自带的绿化植物种类、下垫面构造以及水体形式进行了敏感性分析,从而得到在湿热气候条件下进行微环境模拟时,提高软件的模拟精度、最佳边界条件类型、垂直网格形式,以便适用于湿热地区景观绿化量变分析的植物种类、材料及构造。
Along with the advancement of urbanization development in our country,under the huge push of market economy,urbanization and rural residential construction makes the urban built environment become more and more attention.Tourist type towns construction is driving the development of the third industry the backbone of content, towns within the built environment of micro climate is directly related to people's life and production, this paper has carried on the on-the-spot investigation and measurement,and through the numerical simulation software to type tourist towns built environment microclimate simulation and verification,finally summarizes the micro climate strategy of village environment.
Type tourism towns built environment of the micro climate test content including towards street interface and street towards the streets, streets, green plant and form on measured the yard, the built environment, building envelopes in green plants and water test. Agricultural village in chengdu PI county was measured during the period, the author of street geometry, green plant scale and underlying surface topography has carried on the system of surveying and mapping, for the experimental study and numerical simulation provides an important support.
towns built environment to as an example of numerical simulation of micro climate, through the numerical simulation software ENVI-met to the measured location selected area are simulated, the numerical simulation value and the measured values, and calibration. Full consideration in the simulation of the atmospheric turbulence, the soil thermal properties, greening and air evaporation, transpiration, and sensible heat coupling, such as using mathematical programming software within the parameter, the calculation of its physical property and the micro climate more reliable simulation analysis. At the same time, the software comes with greening plant species, underlying surface structure and water form the sensitivity analysis, obtained in hot and humid climate environment simulation, the software of the simulation accuracy, the best type of boundary condition, the vertical grid form and etc.
引文
[1]王振.夏热冬冷地区基于城市微气候的街区层峡气候适应性设计策略研究[D].华中科技大学,2008
[2]谢珂,郎凌云.面向新时代的旅游型村镇住宅模式探讨——以太行明珠郭亮村为例[J].住宅科技,2009.5
[3]汪光焘.走中国特色的城镇化道路[J].求是,2003
[4]((2007年中国国土资源公报》[R].中国国土资源部,2008
[5]((2006年世界卫生统计报告》[R].世界卫生组织,2006
[6]《现代城市的环境和资源管理》[M].课程讲义,2002：16-17
[7]全国人大常委会水污染防治法执法检查组调查报告[R].会议记录,2005-2006
[8]((2004年中国水资源公报》[R].中国水利部,2005
[9]《中国城市市容环境卫生年鉴(2005)》[R].中国城市环境卫生协会,2005
[10]《2008年中国城市无车日活动宣传手册》[M].中国住房和城乡建设部,2008
[11]《2007年中国国土绿化状况公报》[R].全国绿化委员会办公室,2008
[12]《城市生态与城市环境》[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1999
[13]刘勇.未来我国中小城市发展的对策研究[J].经济研究参考,2000.3
[14]郭璇.兰州市什川镇旅游型村镇建设初探[J].农业科技与信息,2009.4
[15]胡红林.建成环境的地域性表达[D].同济大学,2008
[16]李季.可改善室外微热环境的城市基面设计研究[D].西南科技大学,2008
[17]王鹏.建筑适应气候——兼论乡土建筑及其气候策略[D].清华大学,2001
[18]杨柳.建筑气候分析与设计策略研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2003
[19]陈飞.建筑与气候——夏热冬冷地区建筑风环境研究与建筑节能设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2009
[20]张继良.传统民居建筑热过程研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2006
[21]钱炜.城市户外热环境舒适性研究[D].重庆大学,2003
[22]谢冬明.湖南北部地区村镇住宅热环境及节能技术研究[D].湖南大学,2008
[23]林晨.自然通风条件下传统民居室内外风环境研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2006
[24]宗和双.香格里拉民居热环境研究[D].昆明理工大学,2007
[25]汪任平.澜沧江中下游流域传统聚落研究初探——村落人居环境与建筑朝向生态的可持续发展[D].昆明理工大学,2002
[26]林涛.桂北民居的生态技术经验及室内物理环境控制技术研究[D].西南建筑科技大学,2004
[27]张红.山地城镇室外热环境研究与评价[D].重庆大学,2005
[28]奥戈亚.设计结合气候：建筑地方主义的生物气候研究[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[29]张文忠.宜居城市的内涵及评价指标体系探讨[J].城市规划学刊,2007.3
[30]Cliff Moughtin.Urban Design:Street and Square[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[31]Cliff Moughtin.Urban Design:Green Dimensions[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[32]Cliff Moughtin.Urban Design:Method and Techniques[M].Architectural Press.Oxford etc.,1999
[33]Randall Thomas.Sustainable Urban Design:an Environmental Approach.SPon Press.London and New York,2003
[34]Dean Hawkes.the Selective Environment.SPon Press.London and New York,2002
[35]Joan Roelofs.Greening cities:Building just and Sustainable Communities.the Bootstrap Press.New York,1996
[36]Baruch Givoni.Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design.John Wiley & Sons. INC.New York etc.,1988
[37]Thomas Herzog.Solar Energy in Architecture Urban Planning.Munich.Prestel,1996
[38]M.H.Halstead.Advances in Software Science.Advances in Computers.Volume 18, 1979:119-172
[39]Chen Q, Srebric J.Application of CFD tools for indoor and outdoor environment design. International Journal on Architectural Science,2000(1):14-19
[40]Nyuk Hien Wong, Ardeshir Mahdavi, Jayada Boonyakiat, Khee Poh Lam.Detailed multi-zone air flow analysis in the early building design phase.Building and Environment.Volume 38,2003 (1):1-10
[41]Koen Steemers.Cities.energy and comfort:a PLEA2000 review.Energy and Buidings.Volume 35,2003 (1):1-2
[42]DEVULDER, T, CHILTON, JC., WILSON, R.and BLUM, R. Advanced textile skins: predicting the thermal response of complex membrane constructions In Ephemeral Architecture.Time and Textiles,2007:61-74
[43]N.H Wong, J.Song, A.D.Istiadji.A study of the effectiveness of mechanical ventilation systems of a hawker center in Singapore using CFD simulations.Buildings and Environment.Volume 41,2006 (6):726-733
[44]傅德荣.国外乡村旅游的发展现状和趋势[J].小城镇建设,2006.7
[45]伊玛德.阿拉伯干热地区地域性气候与地域传统建筑形式研究[J].华中建筑,2006.10
[46]龚兆先,吴薇.改善城市热气候的规划与设计措施[J].规划师,2005.8
[47]黄嘉华.微气候与湿热建筑环境关系之探讨[D].绿色建筑与建筑物理——第九届全国建筑物理学术会议论文集(二),2004.10
[48]郭娅,荣丽华.浅谈夏热冬冷地区办公建筑的微气候设计策略[J].山西建筑,2009.18
[49]杜显斌.在高纬度地区被动式太阳能房的建造[J].太阳能,1995.1
[50]邹源,胡春胜.城市微气候影响因素及区域信息图之浅析[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008.8
[51]郝俊芳.浅谈微气候建筑设计[J].中国住宅设施,2004.4
[2]谢珂,郎凌云.面向新时代的旅游型村镇住宅模式探讨——以太行明珠郭亮村为例[J].住宅科技,2009.5
[3]汪光焘.走中国特色的城镇化道路[J].求是,2003
[4]((2007年中国国土资源公报》[R].中国国土资源部,2008
[5]((2006年世界卫生统计报告》[R].世界卫生组织,2006
[6]《现代城市的环境和资源管理》[M].课程讲义,2002：16-17
[7]全国人大常委会水污染防治法执法检查组调查报告[R].会议记录,2005-2006
[8]((2004年中国水资源公报》[R].中国水利部,2005
[9]《中国城市市容环境卫生年鉴(2005)》[R].中国城市环境卫生协会,2005
[10]《2008年中国城市无车日活动宣传手册》[M].中国住房和城乡建设部,2008
[11]《2007年中国国土绿化状况公报》[R].全国绿化委员会办公室,2008
[12]《城市生态与城市环境》[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1999
[13]刘勇.未来我国中小城市发展的对策研究[J].经济研究参考,2000.3
[14]郭璇.兰州市什川镇旅游型村镇建设初探[J].农业科技与信息,2009.4
[15]胡红林.建成环境的地域性表达[D].同济大学,2008
[16]李季.可改善室外微热环境的城市基面设计研究[D].西南科技大学,2008
[17]王鹏.建筑适应气候——兼论乡土建筑及其气候策略[D].清华大学,2001
[18]杨柳.建筑气候分析与设计策略研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2003
[19]陈飞.建筑与气候——夏热冬冷地区建筑风环境研究与建筑节能设计[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2009
[20]张继良.传统民居建筑热过程研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2006
[21]钱炜.城市户外热环境舒适性研究[D].重庆大学,2003
[22]谢冬明.湖南北部地区村镇住宅热环境及节能技术研究[D].湖南大学,2008
[23]林晨.自然通风条件下传统民居室内外风环境研究[D].西安建筑科技大学,2006
[24]宗和双.香格里拉民居热环境研究[D].昆明理工大学,2007
[25]汪任平.澜沧江中下游流域传统聚落研究初探——村落人居环境与建筑朝向生态的可持续发展[D].昆明理工大学,2002
[26]林涛.桂北民居的生态技术经验及室内物理环境控制技术研究[D].西南建筑科技大学,2004
[27]张红.山地城镇室外热环境研究与评价[D].重庆大学,2005
[28]奥戈亚.设计结合气候：建筑地方主义的生物气候研究[M].中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[29]张文忠.宜居城市的内涵及评价指标体系探讨[J].城市规划学刊,2007.3
[30]Cliff Moughtin.Urban Design:Street and Square[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2003
[31]Cliff Moughtin.Urban Design:Green Dimensions[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社,2004
[32]Cliff Moughtin.Urban Design:Method and Techniques[M].Architectural Press.Oxford etc.,1999
[33]Randall Thomas.Sustainable Urban Design:an Environmental Approach.SPon Press.London and New York,2003
[34]Dean Hawkes.the Selective Environment.SPon Press.London and New York,2002
[35]Joan Roelofs.Greening cities:Building just and Sustainable Communities.the Bootstrap Press.New York,1996
[36]Baruch Givoni.Climate Considerations in Building and Urban Design.John Wiley & Sons. INC.New York etc.,1988
[37]Thomas Herzog.Solar Energy in Architecture Urban Planning.Munich.Prestel,1996
[38]M.H.Halstead.Advances in Software Science.Advances in Computers.Volume 18, 1979:119-172
[39]Chen Q, Srebric J.Application of CFD tools for indoor and outdoor environment design. International Journal on Architectural Science,2000(1):14-19
[40]Nyuk Hien Wong, Ardeshir Mahdavi, Jayada Boonyakiat, Khee Poh Lam.Detailed multi-zone air flow analysis in the early building design phase.Building and Environment.Volume 38,2003 (1):1-10
[41]Koen Steemers.Cities.energy and comfort:a PLEA2000 review.Energy and Buidings.Volume 35,2003 (1):1-2
[42]DEVULDER, T, CHILTON, JC., WILSON, R.and BLUM, R. Advanced textile skins: predicting the thermal response of complex membrane constructions In Ephemeral Architecture.Time and Textiles,2007:61-74
[43]N.H Wong, J.Song, A.D.Istiadji.A study of the effectiveness of mechanical ventilation systems of a hawker center in Singapore using CFD simulations.Buildings and Environment.Volume 41,2006 (6):726-733
[44]傅德荣.国外乡村旅游的发展现状和趋势[J].小城镇建设,2006.7
[45]伊玛德.阿拉伯干热地区地域性气候与地域传统建筑形式研究[J].华中建筑,2006.10
[46]龚兆先,吴薇.改善城市热气候的规划与设计措施[J].规划师,2005.8
[47]黄嘉华.微气候与湿热建筑环境关系之探讨[D].绿色建筑与建筑物理——第九届全国建筑物理学术会议论文集(二),2004.10
[48]郭娅,荣丽华.浅谈夏热冬冷地区办公建筑的微气候设计策略[J].山西建筑,2009.18
[49]杜显斌.在高纬度地区被动式太阳能房的建造[J].太阳能,1995.1
[50]邹源,胡春胜.城市微气候影响因素及区域信息图之浅析[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008.8
[51]郝俊芳.浅谈微气候建筑设计[J].中国住宅设施,2004.4