我国资源型地区发展的补偿与援助
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摘要
资源型地区的发展问题是全球性的,是各国区域政策关注的重点,也是区域研究的重要领域。20世纪90年代中后期以来,我国以资源衰竭与区域系统性衰退为代表的资源型城市问题引起了人们的强烈关注。学术界对资源型地区衰退规律与发展方向的认识取得了丰硕的成果,但是对如何真正解决问题的研究还相对薄弱。政府实施的应急干预政策取得了一定成效,并开始根据资源型地区的特殊属性,着手构建区域科学发展的长效机制,但是也面临理论支持的不足和问题视野的局限。要深刻认识和实现我国资源型地区的科学发展,理论与实践的创新要求仍然是非常强烈而迫切的。
本文的研究,强调从区域发展的补偿与援助角度来构筑和完善资源型地区科学发展的机制。外部性理论是本文研究的理论基石,本文认为,资源型地区问题可以从根本上归结为外部性问题,而实现补偿与援助可以克服资源型地区存在的外部性问题。本文既运用一般的外部性理论成果作为基本理论依据,而且还提出“区域外部性”这一外部性的特殊类型作为本文研究的重要基础,从而为外部区域对资源型地区的补偿与援助提供理论支持。本文在研究对象上不仅关注资源开发中后期的资源型城市与资源枯竭地区,也将一般的学术与政策研究相对忽视的资源开发初期地区纳入本文的研究范围,本文的研究因此可以覆盖更广范畴的资源型地区乃至其他类型区域的资源开发活动。
本文的实践研究将主要立足于我国东北地区,并根据东北地区进行规律总结和发现理论认识。东北地区集中了我国几乎所有的资源型地区类型与资源型地区问题,本文在东北地区讨论资源型地区典型问题的补偿与援助,在相当程度上是能够代表我国资源型地区一般情况的。讨论东北资源型地区发展补偿与援助的理论与实践,也将对东北等老工业基地的改造有所启发和促进。
本文的研究共分为理论研究与实践研究两大部分、六大章,理论研究为实践讨论提供基础和指导,实践分析为理论探讨提供支持和验证,基本内容包括:
理论研究包括第一、二两章。第一章主要辨析资源型地区的基本概念,界定东北资源型地区的基本范围与问题,提出资源型地区发展的补偿与援助问题,并讨论其内涵。第二章则是对资源型地区典型问题补偿与援助的一般分析,包括各类典型问题补偿与援助的国内外经验、基本依据和实施重点。
实践研究包括第三、四、五、六章,是在理论研究的指导下,具体讨论东北资源型地区典型问题的补偿与援助。第三章讨论产业发展的补偿与援助,第四章讨论城市贫困与反贫困援助,第五章讨论生态环境问题与生态补偿,第六章讨论蒙东与东北三省能源开发区域合作的援助。
The development of resource-based region is a global issue, the focus of concerns to the regional policy for many countries, and an important area of the region research. Since the late 1990’s, the resource-based urban problems have arisen from the people's strong concern, such as resources reducing and regional systemic recession. Academic resource areas have achieved fruitful results on the understanding of its recession rule and development orientation, but the study on how to really solve the problem is relatively weak. Government's emergency intervention policy has been quite successful, under the special attributes of resource region, they start building a long-term mechanism for regional scientific development, but facing a shortage of theory support and the limitations of vision problems. For having a profound understanding and the realization of China's resource-based regional development, the innovation requirement of theory and practice is still very strong and compelling.
The paper stresses to create and improve the scientific development mechanism of the resource-based region, from the angle of regional perspective compensation and assistance. External theory is the theoretical cornerstone of this paper, the paper considers that resource-based regional issues can be fundamentally attributed to the external issues, and achieving compensation and assistance can be overcome its external problem. The paper doesn’t only use the general external theoretical achievements as a basic theoretical basis, but also advances the "regional external", the special type of external, as an important foundation, so as to provide the theory support of compensation and assistance from the external region to resource-based region. Based on the study object not only concerned about resource development in the latter part of the resource-based city and resource depletion region, but also in the early development of natural resources that the general academic and policy research relatively neglected, this paper can be of a broader scope of coverage the resource-based region and even other types of regional resource development activities.
The practice of the paper will primarily be based on northeast China, in accordance with this to conclude the law and recognize the theoretical knowledge. Almost all of the resource-based regional type and resource-based regional issues has been concentrated in Northeast China, and the paper discusses the compensation and assistance for the typical problems of resource-based region in the northeast China, to a considerable extent which on behalf of resource-based regional general situation in China. To discuss the theory and practice of resource-based regional compensation and assistance in northeast China will enlighten and promote the rebuilding of Northeast old industrial base.
The paper is divided into two parts: theoretical study and practice study, which includes six chapters. The theoretical research provides the basis and guidance for the practice discussion, and practice analysis provides support and validation for theory discussion.
The theoretical study includes the first chapter and the second chapter. The first chapter analyses the basic concept of the resource-based region, defining the basic scope and the problem of resource-based region in the northeast China, putting forward its compensation and assistance, and discussing its contents. The second chapter generally analyses the compensation and assistance for the typical problem of resource-based region, including home and abroad experience, the fundamental basis and the implementation of priority.
The practice study includes the third chapter, the fourth chapter, the fifth chapter and the sixth chapter, in the guidance of theory which discusses the compensation and assistance for the typical problems of resource-based region in the northeast China. The third chapter discusses the compensation and assistance for the industry develop, the fourth chapter discusses urban poverty and anti-poverty assistance, the fifth chapter discusses the ecological environment issues and ecological compensation, the sixth chapter discusses the regional cooperation of energy exploitation between three provinces in the northeast part and the east of Inner Mongolia.
本文的研究,强调从区域发展的补偿与援助角度来构筑和完善资源型地区科学发展的机制。外部性理论是本文研究的理论基石,本文认为,资源型地区问题可以从根本上归结为外部性问题,而实现补偿与援助可以克服资源型地区存在的外部性问题。本文既运用一般的外部性理论成果作为基本理论依据,而且还提出“区域外部性”这一外部性的特殊类型作为本文研究的重要基础,从而为外部区域对资源型地区的补偿与援助提供理论支持。本文在研究对象上不仅关注资源开发中后期的资源型城市与资源枯竭地区,也将一般的学术与政策研究相对忽视的资源开发初期地区纳入本文的研究范围,本文的研究因此可以覆盖更广范畴的资源型地区乃至其他类型区域的资源开发活动。
本文的实践研究将主要立足于我国东北地区,并根据东北地区进行规律总结和发现理论认识。东北地区集中了我国几乎所有的资源型地区类型与资源型地区问题,本文在东北地区讨论资源型地区典型问题的补偿与援助,在相当程度上是能够代表我国资源型地区一般情况的。讨论东北资源型地区发展补偿与援助的理论与实践,也将对东北等老工业基地的改造有所启发和促进。
本文的研究共分为理论研究与实践研究两大部分、六大章,理论研究为实践讨论提供基础和指导,实践分析为理论探讨提供支持和验证,基本内容包括:
理论研究包括第一、二两章。第一章主要辨析资源型地区的基本概念,界定东北资源型地区的基本范围与问题,提出资源型地区发展的补偿与援助问题,并讨论其内涵。第二章则是对资源型地区典型问题补偿与援助的一般分析,包括各类典型问题补偿与援助的国内外经验、基本依据和实施重点。
实践研究包括第三、四、五、六章,是在理论研究的指导下,具体讨论东北资源型地区典型问题的补偿与援助。第三章讨论产业发展的补偿与援助,第四章讨论城市贫困与反贫困援助,第五章讨论生态环境问题与生态补偿,第六章讨论蒙东与东北三省能源开发区域合作的援助。
The development of resource-based region is a global issue, the focus of concerns to the regional policy for many countries, and an important area of the region research. Since the late 1990’s, the resource-based urban problems have arisen from the people's strong concern, such as resources reducing and regional systemic recession. Academic resource areas have achieved fruitful results on the understanding of its recession rule and development orientation, but the study on how to really solve the problem is relatively weak. Government's emergency intervention policy has been quite successful, under the special attributes of resource region, they start building a long-term mechanism for regional scientific development, but facing a shortage of theory support and the limitations of vision problems. For having a profound understanding and the realization of China's resource-based regional development, the innovation requirement of theory and practice is still very strong and compelling.
The paper stresses to create and improve the scientific development mechanism of the resource-based region, from the angle of regional perspective compensation and assistance. External theory is the theoretical cornerstone of this paper, the paper considers that resource-based regional issues can be fundamentally attributed to the external issues, and achieving compensation and assistance can be overcome its external problem. The paper doesn’t only use the general external theoretical achievements as a basic theoretical basis, but also advances the "regional external", the special type of external, as an important foundation, so as to provide the theory support of compensation and assistance from the external region to resource-based region. Based on the study object not only concerned about resource development in the latter part of the resource-based city and resource depletion region, but also in the early development of natural resources that the general academic and policy research relatively neglected, this paper can be of a broader scope of coverage the resource-based region and even other types of regional resource development activities.
The practice of the paper will primarily be based on northeast China, in accordance with this to conclude the law and recognize the theoretical knowledge. Almost all of the resource-based regional type and resource-based regional issues has been concentrated in Northeast China, and the paper discusses the compensation and assistance for the typical problems of resource-based region in the northeast China, to a considerable extent which on behalf of resource-based regional general situation in China. To discuss the theory and practice of resource-based regional compensation and assistance in northeast China will enlighten and promote the rebuilding of Northeast old industrial base.
The paper is divided into two parts: theoretical study and practice study, which includes six chapters. The theoretical research provides the basis and guidance for the practice discussion, and practice analysis provides support and validation for theory discussion.
The theoretical study includes the first chapter and the second chapter. The first chapter analyses the basic concept of the resource-based region, defining the basic scope and the problem of resource-based region in the northeast China, putting forward its compensation and assistance, and discussing its contents. The second chapter generally analyses the compensation and assistance for the typical problem of resource-based region, including home and abroad experience, the fundamental basis and the implementation of priority.
The practice study includes the third chapter, the fourth chapter, the fifth chapter and the sixth chapter, in the guidance of theory which discusses the compensation and assistance for the typical problems of resource-based region in the northeast China. The third chapter discusses the compensation and assistance for the industry develop, the fourth chapter discusses urban poverty and anti-poverty assistance, the fifth chapter discusses the ecological environment issues and ecological compensation, the sixth chapter discusses the regional cooperation of energy exploitation between three provinces in the northeast part and the east of Inner Mongolia.
引文
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