基于GIS的成都市城市森林景观格局及其与热岛分布的关系研究
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摘要
城市森林对城市热岛效应有显著的缓解作用,其景观格局对热岛的分布有巨大的影响。本文以成都市为研究对象,采用该地区2003年的spot、landsat-7卫星影像资料,在对成都市进行城市森林景观格局的定量分析和热量反演算的基础上,结合土地利用分类图、气象观测资料、绿地统计资料,建立动态监测和空间分析模式,对城市热岛的热力分布特征和城市森林格局对热岛效应的缓解作用进行综合分析。研究结果表明:
(1)研究区范围内城市森林斑块和一般绿地斑块的总体比例较小,分别占整个景观的7.24%和6.47%,即总体绿化面积达到13.71%,缺少有内部生境的大面积城市森林。
(2)成都市城市景观中,城市森林景观尺度分布最为不均匀,边界最为复杂,受到人工干扰的程度相比其他三种景观类型较小。
(3)成都市中心六大城区中,成华区的城市森林斑块总面积以及斑块平均面积最大,城市森林斑块尺度分布最不均匀,离散度最大;锦江区的城市森林斑块的边界最为复杂,自然度最高;青羊区的城市森林斑块受到人工干扰的程度最小。
(4)成都市热量分布呈现东南多西北少的格局,这与成都市城市森林西北多东南少的格局成负相关;
(5)城市绿化覆盖率越高,降温效应越明显;
(6)在绿化覆盖率相当的情况下,大面积集中的绿地的降温效应明显高于面积小的绿地。
基于研究结果,建议成都市在合理规划城市森林布局的同时,适当增加大面积城市森林公园的建设。
To understand the role of urban forests in the heat island, the heat island effect and its relationships with the pattern of urban forests in Chengdu, Sichuan Province has been analyzed in this paper. The pattern of urban forests in Chengdu was derived from spot and landsat-7 images using GIS. The dynamic model was established based on land use/cover types, metrological data and statistic data of green cover, which has been used for the comprehensive analysis on the relationships between heat island effect and urban forest pattern. The result shows that:
(1) The urban forest patches and general Greenland patches with respective shares of the entire landscape of 6.47% and 7.24% in the scope of the study area. It means that the ratio of green space is 13.71%. but lack of the large area urban forest that with habitat in it.
(2) The landscape-scale distribution of urban forest is the most uneven in all the types of landscape in Chengdu city. Also it has the most complex borders and the smaller interference by artificial compared to the other three types of landscape.
(3) In the study area, chenghua district has the largest total area of the urban forests as well as the average size, but its patche-scale distribution is the most uneven and the dispersion is also the most; the urban forests in jinjiang district has the most complex borders; the urban forests in qingyang district are influenced by the artificial interference less than other districts.
(4)the heat distribute more in the northwest of Chengdu than in the southeast, which is on the contrary of the urban forest pattern.
(5)The higher the urban green coverage, the more apparent the cooling effect.
(6)Under a certain green coverage, a large area of greenbelt has a higher heat reduction than the smaller one.
This suggests that at the same time of reasonable planning of the urban forest pattern, it is necessary to appropriately increase the size of urban forest park.
(1)研究区范围内城市森林斑块和一般绿地斑块的总体比例较小,分别占整个景观的7.24%和6.47%,即总体绿化面积达到13.71%,缺少有内部生境的大面积城市森林。
(2)成都市城市景观中,城市森林景观尺度分布最为不均匀,边界最为复杂,受到人工干扰的程度相比其他三种景观类型较小。
(3)成都市中心六大城区中,成华区的城市森林斑块总面积以及斑块平均面积最大,城市森林斑块尺度分布最不均匀,离散度最大;锦江区的城市森林斑块的边界最为复杂,自然度最高;青羊区的城市森林斑块受到人工干扰的程度最小。
(4)成都市热量分布呈现东南多西北少的格局,这与成都市城市森林西北多东南少的格局成负相关;
(5)城市绿化覆盖率越高,降温效应越明显;
(6)在绿化覆盖率相当的情况下,大面积集中的绿地的降温效应明显高于面积小的绿地。
基于研究结果,建议成都市在合理规划城市森林布局的同时,适当增加大面积城市森林公园的建设。
To understand the role of urban forests in the heat island, the heat island effect and its relationships with the pattern of urban forests in Chengdu, Sichuan Province has been analyzed in this paper. The pattern of urban forests in Chengdu was derived from spot and landsat-7 images using GIS. The dynamic model was established based on land use/cover types, metrological data and statistic data of green cover, which has been used for the comprehensive analysis on the relationships between heat island effect and urban forest pattern. The result shows that:
(1) The urban forest patches and general Greenland patches with respective shares of the entire landscape of 6.47% and 7.24% in the scope of the study area. It means that the ratio of green space is 13.71%. but lack of the large area urban forest that with habitat in it.
(2) The landscape-scale distribution of urban forest is the most uneven in all the types of landscape in Chengdu city. Also it has the most complex borders and the smaller interference by artificial compared to the other three types of landscape.
(3) In the study area, chenghua district has the largest total area of the urban forests as well as the average size, but its patche-scale distribution is the most uneven and the dispersion is also the most; the urban forests in jinjiang district has the most complex borders; the urban forests in qingyang district are influenced by the artificial interference less than other districts.
(4)the heat distribute more in the northwest of Chengdu than in the southeast, which is on the contrary of the urban forest pattern.
(5)The higher the urban green coverage, the more apparent the cooling effect.
(6)Under a certain green coverage, a large area of greenbelt has a higher heat reduction than the smaller one.
This suggests that at the same time of reasonable planning of the urban forest pattern, it is necessary to appropriately increase the size of urban forest park.
引文
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