城市滨水住区“开放式”模式研究
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摘要
随着经济的发展，我国许多城市滨水区和住宅建设都得到了快速发展。然而，一些位于城市滨水区用地规模较大的住区还在延用着“封闭式”模式进行开发建设，这一模式虽然有较多优点，但也逐渐暴露出诸如：加剧城市居住空间的分异、影响城市交通的合理发展、浪费城市的土地资源、降低人们交往的机率等问题。
本文正是基于上述问题的思考，结合目前我国部分城市滨水区发展的特点，提出了适合当前国情条件下城市滨水住区的规划方法——“开放式”模式。继而对这一模式的优点和存在的置疑进行了剖析，并结合宁波“北岸琴森”住区的规划实例，进一步论证“开放式”模式的合理性；最后在结论中总结了“开放式”模式在城市住区建设中运用的一些规划先决条件。
With the development of economy in our country, some waterfront residential area and dwellings building in many cities have achieved rapid progress. However, some large-scale city waterfront residential areas are still using the traditional closure model to make exploitation and construction, though this model has quite a lot advantages, some disadvantages as follows have gradually come to light. It has aggravated the situation of residential differentiation, made a bad effect on the orderly development of a city' s traffic, caused a great waste of land resources in a city and decreased chances of communication among people, and so on.
On the basis of the consideration about these questions mentioned above, together with some characteristics of waterfront residential area development in a few cities, in this paper, a new project model called opening model has been put forward, which is supposed to be more suitable to the project of city waterfront residential area nowadays. And the advantages and the potential problems of this new model are also analyzed. Besides, the project of a residential area 'Bei An Qin Sen' in Linbo city is illustrated here to further demonstrate the reasonability of this opening model. In the ending part, some project prerequisites to the constructs of a city' s dwellings building are summarized.
本文正是基于上述问题的思考，结合目前我国部分城市滨水区发展的特点，提出了适合当前国情条件下城市滨水住区的规划方法——“开放式”模式。继而对这一模式的优点和存在的置疑进行了剖析，并结合宁波“北岸琴森”住区的规划实例，进一步论证“开放式”模式的合理性；最后在结论中总结了“开放式”模式在城市住区建设中运用的一些规划先决条件。
With the development of economy in our country, some waterfront residential area and dwellings building in many cities have achieved rapid progress. However, some large-scale city waterfront residential areas are still using the traditional closure model to make exploitation and construction, though this model has quite a lot advantages, some disadvantages as follows have gradually come to light. It has aggravated the situation of residential differentiation, made a bad effect on the orderly development of a city' s traffic, caused a great waste of land resources in a city and decreased chances of communication among people, and so on.
On the basis of the consideration about these questions mentioned above, together with some characteristics of waterfront residential area development in a few cities, in this paper, a new project model called opening model has been put forward, which is supposed to be more suitable to the project of city waterfront residential area nowadays. And the advantages and the potential problems of this new model are also analyzed. Besides, the project of a residential area 'Bei An Qin Sen' in Linbo city is illustrated here to further demonstrate the reasonability of this opening model. In the ending part, some project prerequisites to the constructs of a city' s dwellings building are summarized.
引文
1．[丹]扬·盖尔．交往与空间．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．2002
2．[日]芦原义信．外部空间设计．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．1985
3．[美]埃德蒙·N·培根．城市设计．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．2003
4．[美]凯文·林奇．城市形态．北京．华夏出版社．2001
5．[美]凯文·林奇．城市意象．北京．华夏出版社．2001
6．[美]C·亚历山大、H·戴维斯、J·马丁内斯、D·内科．住宅制造．北京．知识产权出版社．2002
7．[美]C·亚历山大、H奈斯、A·安尼诺、I·金．城市设计新理论．北京．知识产权出版社．2002
8．[美]克莱尔·库珀·马库斯、卡罗琳·弗朗西斯．人性场所——城市开放空间设计导则．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．2001
9．[美]阿摩斯·拉普卜特．建成环境的意义——非言语表达方式．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．1992
10．[美]约翰·O·西蒙兹著．景观设计学．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．2000
11．[日]田野光三．人车共存道路——计划·手法。台北．地景企业股份有限公司
12．[英]伊恩·本特利．建筑环境共鸣设计．大连．大连理工大学出版社．2002
13. Peter Katz, The New Urbanism: Toward An Architecture of Community. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1994
14. John A. Dutton, New American Urbanism Re-forming the Suburban Metropolis, Italy, 2000
15．韩冬青、冯金龙．城市·建筑一体化设计．南京．东南大学出版社．1999
16．任平．时尚与冲突——城市文化结构与功能新论．南京．东南大学出版社．2000
17．张庭伟．城市滨水区开发与设计．上海．同济大学出版社．2002
18．金广君．国外现代城市设计精选．哈尔滨．黑龙江科技出版社．1996
19．王建国．现代城市设计理论和方法．南京．东南大学出版社．1991
20．王受之．当代商业住宅区的规划与设计——新都市主义论．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．2001
21．查马耳夫、亚历山大．社区与私密性．台北．台隆书店出版．1977
22．张勇．深圳小区．辽宁科学技术出版社．2001
23．钟波涛．城市封闭住区研究．建筑学报．2003．9
24．邹颖、卞洪滨．对中国城市居住小区模式的思考．世界建筑．2000．5
25．张庭伟．城市化作为生产手段及引起城市规划功能转变．城市规划．2002．4
26．吴俊勤、何梅．城市滨水空间规划模式探析．城市规划．1998．02
27．王建国、吕志鹏．世界城市滨水区开发建设的历史进程及其经验．城市规划．2001．7
28．徐永健、周小培．北美城市滨水区开发的经验及启示．城市研究．2000．3
29．吕海虹、张杰．也谈城市街区——读C．莫丁《城市设计：绿色尺度》有感．世界建筑．2001．6
30．王朝晖．精明累进的概念极其讨论．国外城市规划．2000．3
31．翁晓敏．试论居住环境的可防卫性．科技情报开发与经济．2001．2
32．杨小东、胡大伟、杨晋凯．对居住区规划设计要素的再认识．规划师．2003．2
33．任致远．城市规划师的历史与社会责任．规划师．2003．1
34．范须壮、胡晓鸣．城市滨水区开发建设之我见．华中建筑．2003．5
35．范须壮、连铭．重拾城市滨水区逝去的魅力．城市开发．2003．9
36．浦欣成．硕士论文．事件与场所．2000
37．刘中元．硕士论文．传统街区更新改造可行性研究．2002
38．曲炜．硕士论文．现代社区个性规划与发展模式研究．2002
39．上海黄浦江两岸地区优化规划方案．上海规划设计研究院．2001
40．宁波房地产市场现状及其发展趋势．宁波市房地产管理局．2001
41．中国城市规划网http://www.cnup.com
42．ABBS建筑论坛http://www.abbs.com.cn
43．宁波规划网http://www.nbplan.gov.cn
2．[日]芦原义信．外部空间设计．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．1985
3．[美]埃德蒙·N·培根．城市设计．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．2003
4．[美]凯文·林奇．城市形态．北京．华夏出版社．2001
5．[美]凯文·林奇．城市意象．北京．华夏出版社．2001
6．[美]C·亚历山大、H·戴维斯、J·马丁内斯、D·内科．住宅制造．北京．知识产权出版社．2002
7．[美]C·亚历山大、H奈斯、A·安尼诺、I·金．城市设计新理论．北京．知识产权出版社．2002
8．[美]克莱尔·库珀·马库斯、卡罗琳·弗朗西斯．人性场所——城市开放空间设计导则．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．2001
9．[美]阿摩斯·拉普卜特．建成环境的意义——非言语表达方式．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．1992
10．[美]约翰·O·西蒙兹著．景观设计学．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．2000
11．[日]田野光三．人车共存道路——计划·手法。台北．地景企业股份有限公司
12．[英]伊恩·本特利．建筑环境共鸣设计．大连．大连理工大学出版社．2002
13. Peter Katz, The New Urbanism: Toward An Architecture of Community. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1994
14. John A. Dutton, New American Urbanism Re-forming the Suburban Metropolis, Italy, 2000
15．韩冬青、冯金龙．城市·建筑一体化设计．南京．东南大学出版社．1999
16．任平．时尚与冲突——城市文化结构与功能新论．南京．东南大学出版社．2000
17．张庭伟．城市滨水区开发与设计．上海．同济大学出版社．2002
18．金广君．国外现代城市设计精选．哈尔滨．黑龙江科技出版社．1996
19．王建国．现代城市设计理论和方法．南京．东南大学出版社．1991
20．王受之．当代商业住宅区的规划与设计——新都市主义论．北京．中国建筑工业出版社．2001
21．查马耳夫、亚历山大．社区与私密性．台北．台隆书店出版．1977
22．张勇．深圳小区．辽宁科学技术出版社．2001
23．钟波涛．城市封闭住区研究．建筑学报．2003．9
24．邹颖、卞洪滨．对中国城市居住小区模式的思考．世界建筑．2000．5
25．张庭伟．城市化作为生产手段及引起城市规划功能转变．城市规划．2002．4
26．吴俊勤、何梅．城市滨水空间规划模式探析．城市规划．1998．02
27．王建国、吕志鹏．世界城市滨水区开发建设的历史进程及其经验．城市规划．2001．7
28．徐永健、周小培．北美城市滨水区开发的经验及启示．城市研究．2000．3
29．吕海虹、张杰．也谈城市街区——读C．莫丁《城市设计：绿色尺度》有感．世界建筑．2001．6
30．王朝晖．精明累进的概念极其讨论．国外城市规划．2000．3
31．翁晓敏．试论居住环境的可防卫性．科技情报开发与经济．2001．2
32．杨小东、胡大伟、杨晋凯．对居住区规划设计要素的再认识．规划师．2003．2
33．任致远．城市规划师的历史与社会责任．规划师．2003．1
34．范须壮、胡晓鸣．城市滨水区开发建设之我见．华中建筑．2003．5
35．范须壮、连铭．重拾城市滨水区逝去的魅力．城市开发．2003．9
36．浦欣成．硕士论文．事件与场所．2000
37．刘中元．硕士论文．传统街区更新改造可行性研究．2002
38．曲炜．硕士论文．现代社区个性规划与发展模式研究．2002
39．上海黄浦江两岸地区优化规划方案．上海规划设计研究院．2001
40．宁波房地产市场现状及其发展趋势．宁波市房地产管理局．2001
41．中国城市规划网http://www.cnup.com
42．ABBS建筑论坛http://www.abbs.com.cn
43．宁波规划网http://www.nbplan.gov.cn